Lipid production in Porphyridium cruentum grown under different culture conditions.

This study was carried out to estimate carbon emission using LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and to establish LCI (Life Cycle inventory) DB for lettuce production system in protected cultivation. The results of data collection for establishing LCI DB showed that the amount of fertilizer input for 1 kg lettuce production was the highest. The amounts of organic and chemical fertilizer input for 1 kg lettuce production were 7.85E-01 kg and 4.42E-02 kg, respectively. Both inputs of fertilizer and energy accounted for the largest share. The amount of field emission for CO2, CH4 and N2O for 1 kg lettuce production was 3.23E-02 kg. The result of LCI analysis focused on GHG (Greenhouse gas) showed that the emission value to produce 1 kg of lettuce was 8.65E-01 kg CO2. The emission values of CH4 and N2O to produce 1 kg of lettuce were 8.59E-03 kg CH4 and 2.90E-04 kg N2O, respectively. Fertilizer production process contributed most to GHG emission. Whereas, the amount of emitted nitrous oxide was the most during lettuce cropping stage due to nitrogen fertilization. When GHG was calculated in CO2-equivalents, the carbon footprint from GHG was 1.14E-+00 kg CO2-eq. kg -1 . Here, CO2 accounted for 76% of the total GHG emissions from lettuce production system. Methane and nitrous oxide held 16%, 8% of it, respectively. The results of LCIA (Life Cycle Impact assessment) showed that GWP (Global Warming Potential) and POCP (Photochemical Ozon Creation Potential) were 1.14E+00 kg CO2-eq. kg -1 and 9.45E-05 kg C2H4-eq. kg -1 , respectively. Fertilizer production is the greatest contributor to the environmental impact, followed by energy production and agricultural material production.

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LCA on Lettuce Cropping System by Top-down Method in Protected Cultivation

It is a comparative study on the effects of cultivation conditions in the simultaneous production of biodiesel and ethanol using microalga Chlorella sp. Intracellular lipid and reducing sugar were extracted from the biomass using the solvent extraction to conduct comparison of the yield, fatty acids profile configuration, and monosaccharide composition. The 27days cultivation of Chlorella sp. in 20 l photobioreactor under mixo-, hetero-, and autotrophic conditions presented the cell

Simultaneous production of biodiesel and bioethanol through mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp.

This study was performed to determine optimum conditions of semi-continuous cultivation of chlorella sp. FC-21 cultivated under red light emitting diode (LED). Semi-continuous cultivation was conducted using red LED because red LED was found to be the best light source for chlorella sp. FC-21. During cultivation, phosphate and nitrogen were quickly diminished where cell concentration of chlorella was inversely proportional to the concentrations of phosphate and nitrogen in culture solution. To increase the period of dilution of culture solution, additional amounts of phosphate and nitrogen were inserted in the culture solution to increase the concentrations of phosphate and nitrogen. The cell concentrations of chlorella increased in the modified culture, but cell diameter was diminished as the dilution of culture was periodically conducted. When considered the cell concentration and cell diameter during the cultivation, amount of biomass produced was maintained constant.

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Optimum Semi-Continuous Cultivation of Chlorella sp. FC-21 for Production of Biomass: Light Emitting Diodes as a Light Source and High Concentrations of Nitrogen and Phosphate in Culture Media

The purpose of this study was to determine optimum condition of Pavlova lutheri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Detailed studies were carried out on the effects of various wavelengths of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), light intensities and air flow rations. For the Pa. lutheri, cell growth rates and maximum cell concentrations were similar regardless of wavelengths and air flow rates. Among the different light intensities, cell concentration increased when light intensity of red LED increased. For Ph. tricornutum, red LED was found to be the most effective light source, and light intensity of 3,100 Lux resulted in the most effective for the cultivation of Ph. tricornutum. Different air flow rates were tested to overcome shading effects due to denser cell concentration in the solution. Aeration of 0.8 vvm was determined to be the optimum aeration rate for the cultivation of Ph. tricornutum. Especially, five and two times greater cell concentrations of Pa. lutheri and Ph. tricornutum, respectively, were observed when air was applied.

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LED의 파장 및 광도, 공기주입이 Pavlova lutheri와 Phaeodactylum tricornutum의 최적 성장에 미치는 영향

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Y.T. Oh

Papers

Characteristics of Exhaust Emission by the Application of Biodiesel Fuel and Oxygenates as an Alternative Fuel in an Agricultural Diesel Engine