Chrysotile dissolution rates: Implications for carbon sequestration

A sealed package for inhibiting the oxidation and spoilage of raw meat or fish, while maintaining the scarlet color of the raw meat or fish. This package comprises an impermeable vessel housing a deoxidant-CO2 generating agent composition together with the raw meat or fish. The deoxidant-CO2 generating agent composition is selected to generate CO2 gas immediately after the initiation of O2 absorption at the rate of 0.2 to 2 mols per mol of O2 absorbed.

Sealed package of raw meat or fish and method of preserving raw meat or fish

Carbon dioxide and water are mixed with an organometallic complex represented by general formula (1) below where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, M represents an element that can be coordinated to the benzene ring, X1 and X2 represent nitrogen-containing ligands, X3 represents a hydrogen atom, a carboxylic acid residue, or H2O, X1 and X2 may be bonded to each other, Y represents an anion species, K represents a valency of a cation species, L represents a valency of an anion species, K and L independently represent 1 or 2, and K, m, L, and n are related to one another by K×m=L×n. This makes it possible to directly reduce carbon dioxide in water.

Process for reduction of carbon dioxide with organometallic complex

A composition, comprising (a) a compound of formula I (R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 P).sub.x L.sub.y M.sup.2+ Z.sub.1.sup.- Z 2 - (I), wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently of one another H, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy; C 4 -C 12 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; C 4 -C 12 cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; C 6 -C 16 aryl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; C 6 -C 16 aryloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; C 7 -C 16 aralkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; or C 7 -C 16 aralkyloxy which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; or R 2 and R 3 together are tetra- or pentamethylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; tetra- or pentamethylenedioxyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; tetra- or pentamethylene which is condensed with one or two 1,2-phenylene radicals and which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; tetra- or pentamethylenedioxyl which is condensed with one or two 1,2-phenylene radicals and which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; or tetramethylenedioxyl which is condensed in the 1,2- and 3,4-position with 1,2-phenylene and which is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl or C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; and R 1 has the meaning cited above; L is a neutral ligand; M is Ru or Os; Z 1 - and Z 2 - are each a singly charged anion, or Z 1- and Z 2 - together are a doubly charged anion; x is a number from 1 to 3; and y is a number from 0 to 3, wherein 2≦x+y≦4; and (b) a compound of formula II R.sub.4 --C.tbd.C--H (II), wherein R 4 is a monovalent organic radical of up to 30 carbon atoms which contains at least one hydroxyl group, is suitable as storage-stable two-component catalyst for the ring-opening metathesis polymerisation of cyclopentadiene adducts and makes it possible to polymerise dicyclopentadiene and other cyclopentadiene adducts within a short time and with high enthalpy of reaction and only little weight loss.

Catalyst mixture for the ring-opening metathesis polymerisation

Formic acid or derivatives thereof are produced from non-toxic carbon dioxide in the supercritical state, using it as raw materials, without using solvents, and at a high efficiency owing to a high reaction velocity, by reacting said carbon dioxide and an active hydrogen group-containing compound.

A method for producing formic acid or its derivatives

PURPOSE:Carbon dioxide is fixed using carbon dioxide, molecular hydrogen and a combination of a ruthenium complex catalyst with a metal carbonate to directly produce formic acid in high yield with no use of an organic amine. CONSTITUTION:The reaction between carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen is conducted in an aqueous medium, when necessary, including another medium, preferably in the presence of the carbonate of a metal of group I in the periodic table, using a hydrogen-type ruthenium complex or another ruthenium complex capable of forming the hydrogen type complex as a catalyst at 40-300 deg.C under pressure of lower than 1,000kg/cm G to effect the fixation of carbon dioxide into direct formation of formic acid. As the ruthenium complex, is preferred a divalent one, and the anionic ligands forming the complex are preferably carboxylate, halide, carbonate or hydrocarbon group, the netural ligands are preferably carbonyl, nitrosyl or phosphine.

Fixation of carbon dioxide

PURPOSE:The titled composition utilizing hydration heat of calcium oxide, controlling the hydration reaction and the highest temperature attained and keeping on generating heat for a long time, comprising calcium oxide and a solid substance to provide water capable of reacting with calcium oxide. CONSTITUTION:(A) Calcium oxide (preferably in a state of granule-powder having >=100 Tyler mesh) is blended with (B) a solid substance (preferably inorganic compound having crystal water, e.g., metal salt of mineral acid, etc., organic compound having crystal water, e.g., organic carboxylic acid, etc., solid substance having an absorber or adsorber, organic compound forming water at high temperature, having <=10 Tyler mesh in a state of granule or powder) to provide water capable of reacting with calcium oxide in such a way that the amount of water in the component B is 0.01-100mol, to give the desired composition. When the component B undergoes hydration reaction at surrounding temperature, the composition is packed in uncontacted state and mixed in use, and when it doed not, it is packed in contact state and used by external heating.

Solid exothermic composition and its use

PURPOSE:To obtain formic acid simply in high yield without using organic amines requiring troublesome post-treating steps, by reacting gaseous carbon dioxide with hydrogen in the presence of a Wilkinson catalyst type rhodium complex as a catalyst and a metallic carbonate. CONSTITUTION:Gaseous carbon dioxide is reacted with hydrogen at a molar ratio or preferably 1:0.1-10 in an aqueous medium, preferably a mixed system of water with an alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohol, etc., in the presence of a metallic carbonate, e.g. Li2CO3, and a Wilkinson catalyst type rhodium complex, e.g. a compound of the formula (X is anionic ligand and preferably halogen; R1, R2 and R3 are aliphatic or aromatic groups, and preferably phenyl), as a catalyst to give formic acid industrially and advantageously. The reaction is preferably carried out at 50-250 deg.C and 1,000kg/cm .G.

Fixing method of gaseous carbon dioxide

PURPOSE:An oxygen trapping composition containing sodium sulfite, silica and/or alumina is inexpensive and clean, and useful for selective removal of oxygen in packages of food, medicines, etc. as well as for prevention of life and propagation of mold, bacilli, insects in the packaged contents. CONSTITUTION:An oxygen trapping composition consists of one part by weight of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3-7H2O), and 0.01 part, or preferably 0.05 part by weight or greater of silica and/or alumina, of which the upper limit being 100 parts by weight, or preferably 20 parts by weight or less per one part by weight of sodium sulfite. Further, the addition of 0.1 wt% filler such as active carbon is useful for the oxygen absorption velocity and quantity control and aeration improvement.

Oxygen trap composition

PURPOSE:To provide heat generating material compsn which can optionally control attainable reaction temperature, reaction time required, etc, by a method wherein LaO and at least hydrated salt are separately accomodated in each vessel and both components are mixed together before use in order to generate heat CONSTITUTION:(A) One mole of CaO having a particle size of not less then 100 mesh, pref 3-30 mesh and (B) 10 -50 moles of at least one hydrated salt having a particle size of not more than 10 mesh, pref not more than 30 mesh selected from nitrates and halides of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, Ni, Cu and Co, are separately accomodated in each vessel Component (A) is mixed with component (B) at the time of use thereof The hydrated salt used are solids at ordinary temp Examples of (B) are Ca (NO3)24H2O, CaCl26H2O, etc

Yamaji Teizou

Papers

Fixation of carbon dioxide

Solid exothermic composition and its use

Fixing method of gaseous carbon dioxide

Oxygen trap composition

Heat generating material composition