Solvents are widely recognized to be of great environmental concern. The reduction of their use is one of the most important aims of green chemistry. In addition to this, the appropriate selection of solvent for a process can greatly improve the sustainability of a chemical production process. There has also been extensive research into the application of so-called green solvents, such as ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. However, most examples of solvent technologies that give improved sustainability come from the application of well-established solvents. It is also apparent that the successful implementation of environmentally sustainable processes must be accompanied by improvements in commercial performance.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rspa.2015.0502

Solvents and sustainable chemistry

The disclosed invention relates to a process for conducting a multiphase reaction in a microchannel. The process comprises: forming a multiphase reaction mixture comprising a first reactant (214) and a second reactant (242); the first reactant (214) comprising at least one liquid; the second reactant (242) comprising at least one gas, at least one liquid, or a combination of at least one gas and at least one liquid; the first reactant (214) forming a continuous phase in the multiphase reaction mixture; the second reactant (242) forming gas bubbles and/or liquid droplets dispersed in the continuous phase; and reacting the first reactant (214) with the second reactant (242) in a process microchannel (210) in the presence of at least one catalyst (215) to form at least one product (216).

Multiphase reaction process using microchannel technology

In a process for converting methane to higher hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons, a feed containing methane is contacted with a dehydrocyclization catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions effective to convert said methane to aromatic hydrocarbons. A first portion of the catalyst is transferred from the reaction zone to a heating zone, where the first catalyst portion is heated by contacting the catalyst with hot combustion gases generated by burning a supplemental source of fuel. The heated first catalyst portion is then returned to the reaction zone.

Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from methane

An arrangement for reducing the NO content of a gas stream comprises contacting the gas stream with HNCO at a temperature effective for heat induced decomposition of HNCO and for resultant lowering of the NO content of the gas stream Preferably, the HNCO is generated by sublimitation of cyanuric acid (2) and CO or other H-atom generating species is also present or added to the gas stream (3)

No reduction using sublimation of cyanuric acid

The present invention relates to methods for selectively reducing NO x so that nitrogen can be removed from emission effluent streams and NO x emissions can be reduced to very low levels. In addition, the present invention teaches a method whereby NO x and SO x may be simultaneously removed from the effluent stream. The present invention teaches the reduction of NO x with --NH and --CN containing selective reducing agents such as ammonium sulfate, urea, and NH 3 . Initially, the selective reducing agent is decomposed in a fuel-rich environment to form highly reactive decomposition products. The reaction of the selective reducing agent to produce its decomposition products, such as NH, NH 2 , and related reaction intermediates, takes place in an oxygen-free, fuel-rich decomposition zone with the reaction temperature in the range of from about 300° F. to about 2400° F. After the selective reducing agent is decomposed in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition products are contacted with the effluent stream containing NO x . At this point the oxygen level of the stream must be carefully controlled to provide an excess of oxygen so that the selective reduction of the NO x species will occur. It may be necessary at this point to inject air into the effluent stream in order to maintain the proper oxygen-rich (fuel-lean) conditions for NO x reduction. In this second "reaction zone", NO x reduction takes place at temperatures of from approximately 500° F. to approximately 2600° F. The present invention can also be used in conjunction with SO x control technology. Specifically, species used to control SO x , such as limestone, dolomite, quicklime, and hydrated lime, can be added in conjunction with the selective reducing agent for simultaneous NO x and SO x control.

Methods of removing NOx and SOx emissions from combustion systems using nitrogenous compounds

Disclosed is a method for partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to produce a cycloolefin, comprising reacting a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of a particulate hydrogenation catalyst comprised mainly of metallic ruthenium, in a reaction system comprising a continuous aqueous phase having the particulate hydrogenation catalyst suspended therein, an oil phase containing the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and a gaseous phase comprising hydrogen gas, while applying a shearing force to the reaction system at a specific maximum shear rate. By the method of the present invention, not only can a cycloolefin be produced at high selectivity and in high yield, but also the catalytic activity can be stably maintained at a high level for a prolonged period of time.

Method for partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Disclosed is a method for hydrating a cycloolefin, in which the hydration is conducted in a reaction system comprising a continuous aqueous phase including water and a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst suspended therein and an oil phase including a cycloolefin, while dispersing the oil phase as globules having a specific diameter. By the method of the present invention, not only can a cyclic alcohol be produced at high selectivity and in high yield, but the activity of the catalyst can also be stably maintained at a high level for a prolonged period of time, and the produced cyclic alcohol can be readily separated.

Method for hydrating a cycloolefin

An exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides is efficiently purified without the necessary use of catalysts by contacting the exhaust gas with a nitrile compound at high temperature in the presence of oxygen, whereby the nitrogen oxides and the nitrile compound are selectively decomposed into harmless materials.

Elimination of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases with nitriles

PURPOSE:To separate a liq. reactant and a catalyst without any backwashing by obtaining a liq. reaction product in a suspension fluidized bed in the presence of a fine-particle solid catalyst and filtering the catalyst suspension by a cross- flow method at >=0.05m/sec cross-flow linear velocity to separate the liq. reaction product and the catalyst suspension. CONSTITUTION:An electromagnetically agitated autoclave made of SUS316 is used as a continuous alkylation reactor 1 for producing ethylbenzene from benzene and ethylene. The liq. reactant from the reactor 1 is circulated by a slurry circulating pump 3 at a specified rate by opening a valve to control the cross-flow linear valocity to about 1 to 3m/s. The liq. reactant slurry is supplied to a cross-flow filter 2, solid and liq. are separated therein, the concd. slurry is returned to the reactor 1, and the filtrate is drawn into a filtration tank. A ceramic porous filter tube is set in the filter 2, and a backwashing device is also provided.

Reaction method for suspended catalyst system

PURPOSE:To suppress the side reaction due to reducing reaction, simultaneously achieve the miniaturization of a reactor and a purifier and stably and continuously carry out the reaction and the separation of a reactional product solution from a catalyst for a long period by shortening the separation residence time of the reactional product solution from the catalyst as much as possible CONSTITUTION:The objective method for producing a carboxylic acid ester is to carry out the reaction in a suspension state and perform the separation by cross-flow type filtration in reacting an unsaturated aldehyde or an aromatic aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a solid catalyst and oxygen and producing a carboxylic acid ester so as to continuously and smoothly separate the reactional product solution from a concentrated catalyst slurry for a long period

Yamashita Kunihiko

Papers

Method for partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Method for hydrating a cycloolefin

Elimination of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases with nitriles

Reaction method for suspended catalyst system

Production of carboxylic acid ester