There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

The organization of behavior: A neuropsychological theory

Survey: Reservoir computing approaches to recurrent neural network training

Thank you for reading stochastic processes and filtering theory. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this stochastic processes and filtering theory, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer. stochastic processes and filtering theory is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the stochastic processes and filtering theory is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Stochastic Processes And Filtering Theory

Reservoir computing (RC) refers to a new class of state-space models with a fixed state transition structure (the reservoir) and an adaptable readout form the state space. The reservoir is supposed to be sufficiently complex so as to capture a large number of features of the input stream that can be exploited by the reservoir-to-output readout mapping. The field of RC has been growing rapidly with many successful applications. However, RC has been criticized for not being principled enough. Reservoir construction is largely driven by a series of randomized model-building stages, with both researchers and practitioners having to rely on a series of trials and errors. To initialize a systematic study of the field, we concentrate on one of the most popular classes of RC methods, namely echo state network, and ask: What is the minimal complexity of reservoir construction for obtaining competitive models and what is the memory capacity (MC) of such simplified reservoirs? On a number of widely used time series benchmarks of different origin and characteristics, as well as by conducting a theoretical analysis we show that a simple deterministically constructed cycle reservoir is comparable to the standard echo state network methodology. The (short-term) of linear cyclic reservoirs can be made arbitrarily close to the proved optimal value.

Minimum Complexity Echo State Network

In this paper, we describe a cognitive radar (CR) that mimics the visual brain. Although the visual brain and radar are different in that the visual brain does not transmit a probing signal to the environment while the active radar greatly relies on the probing signal it transmits to the environment, both of them are observers of the surrounding environment. As such, there is much that we can learn from the visual brain in building a new generation of CRs that outperform traditional radars. In this paper, we confine the discussion, in both analytic and experimental terms, to CR aimed at target tracking. From a theoretical perspective, using the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB), it is shown that a cognitive tracking radar has the potential to improve tracking performance significantly. In particular, computer experiments are presented, which demonstrate that CR can indeed go beyond the theoretical limits of traditional active radars (TARs) as well as fore-active radars (FARs); the latter are radars equipped with feedback from the receiver to the transmitter. Moreover, computer experiments are presented to demonstrate another practical benefit resulting from the combined use of memory and executive attention in CR for a target-tracking application. Specifically, it is shown that with the provision of these two cognitive processes, the transition in switching from one transmit waveform to another goes forward in a smooth manner. Such a capability is beyond that of TAR or FAR.

Cognitive Radar: Step Toward Bridging the Gap Between Neuroscience and Engineering

2007 Special Issue: Decoupled echo state networks with lateral inhibition

This paper is inspired by how cognitive control manifests itself in the human brain and does so in a remarkable way. It addresses the many facets involved in the control of directed information flow in a dynamic system, culminating in the notion of information gap, defined as the difference between relevant information (useful part of what is extracted from the incoming measurements) and sufficient information representing the information needed for achieving minimal risk. The notion of information gap leads naturally to how cognitive control can itself be defined. Then, another important idea is described, namely the two-state model, in which one is the system's state and the other is the entropic state that provides an essential metric for quantifying the information gap. The entropic state is computed in the perceptual part (i.e., perceptor) of the dynamic system and sent to the controller directly as feedback information. This feedback information provides the cognitive controller the information needed about the environment and the system to bring reinforcement leaning into play; reinforcement learning (RL), incorporating planning as an integral part, is at the very heart of cognitive control. The stage is now set for a computational experiment, involving cognitive radar wherein the cognitive controller is enabled to control the receiver via the environment. The experiment demonstrates how RL provides the mechanism for improved utilization of computational resources, and yet is able to deliver good performance through the use of planning. The paper finishes with concluding remarks.

Cognitive Control

For the first time ever, this paper presents the design and implementation of a next-generation of tracking radar systems: the cognitive tracking radar (CTR). At the heart of the CTR, we have a cognitive waveform-selection (CWS) algorithm that can optimally pick the transmit waveform from a prescribed library, in response to information fed back from the receiver to the transmitter. In accordance with dynamic programming, the waveform-selection algorithm seeks to minimize the expected tracking error over a horizon of prescribed length. Approximation of the problem is also studied to mitigate the burden of computational load. To evaluate the system, we introduce computer experiments on a classical ballistic target tracking problem, the results of which confirm the superiority of the CTR over a conventional radar with fixed waveform.

Cognitive tracking radar

A key component of a cognitive radar system is the method by which the transmitted waveform is adapted in response to information regarding the radar environment. The goal of such adaptation methods is to provide a flexible framework that can synthesize waveforms that provide different tradeoffs between a variety of performance objectives, and can do so efficiently. In this paper, we propose a waveform design method that efficiently synthesizes waveforms that provide a trade-off between estimation performance for a Gaussian ensemble of targets and detection performance for a specific target. In particular, the method synthesizes (finite length) waveforms that achieve an inherent trade-off between the (Gaussian) mutual information and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a particular target. In addition, the method can accommodate a variety of constraints on the transmitted spectrum. We show that the waveform design problem can be formulated as a convex optimization problem in the autocorrelation of the waveform, and we develop a customized interior point method for efficiently obtaining a globally optimal waveform.

https://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/~davidson/pubs/Haykin_etal_waveforms_cognitive_radar.pdf

Yanbo Xue

Papers

Cognitive Radar: Step Toward Bridging the Gap Between Neuroscience and Engineering

2007 Special Issue: Decoupled echo state networks with lateral inhibition

Cognitive Control

Cognitive tracking radar

Optimal waveform design for cognitive radar