A novel resonant optical voltage sensing scheme based on Pockels effect with less optical elements is proposed to pave the way for the miniaturization of voltage sensors in a high-voltage power grid, which can improve the voltage detection accuracy by using the multiple propagation of light in the resonator composed of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal and reflector. Based on the multiple beam interference theory, the optical sensing model is analyzed to explore the influence of the key parameters such as the propagation loss and the resonator reflectivity on the performance of resonant optical voltage sensor. Considering the propagation loss and reflectivity, a resonator is designed to promote the limit sensitivity of the resonant optical voltage sensor. Also, based on the theoretical analysis results, we obtained that the design parameters (propagation loss <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and reflectivity <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of the resonator are, respectively, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \le0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${r} \ge0.83$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Finally, the experimental equipment of the novel resonant optical voltage sensor is built, and the measured resonator finesse shows that the limit sensitivity of the resonant optical voltage sensor can achieve <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.689\times 10^{-{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. Furthermore, the experimental results of the resonant optical voltage sensor demonstrate that the resonant frequency of the resonator is linear with the applied voltage. The proposed resonant sensing scheme has the potential to lay the foundation for the miniaturization of high-precision optical voltage sensors in the future. 

Design of Novel Resonant Optical Voltage Sensor Based on Pockels Effect

A novel resonant optical voltage sensing scheme based on Pockels effect with less optical elements is proposed to pave the way for the miniaturization of voltage sensors in a high-voltage power grid, which can improve the voltage detection accuracy by using the multiple propagation of light in the resonator composed of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal and reflector. Based on the multiple beam interference theory, the optical sensing model is analyzed to explore the influence of the key parameters such as the propagation loss and the resonator reflectivity on the performance of resonant optical voltage sensor. Considering the propagation loss and reflectivity, a resonator is designed to promote the limit sensitivity of the resonant optical voltage sensor. Also, based on the theoretical analysis results, we obtained that the design parameters (propagation loss <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and reflectivity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the resonator are, respectively, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \le0.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${r} \ge0.83$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, the experimental equipment of the novel resonant optical voltage sensor is built, and the measured resonator finesse shows that the limit sensitivity of the resonant optical voltage sensor can achieve <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.689\times 10^{-{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. Furthermore, the experimental results of the resonant optical voltage sensor demonstrate that the resonant frequency of the resonator is linear with the applied voltage. The proposed resonant sensing scheme has the potential to lay the foundation for the miniaturization of high-precision optical voltage sensors in the future.

We analyze the effect of launch beam distribution on space-division multiplexing (SDM) performance in multimode multicore silica optical fibers (MM MC SOF) with seven cores. The time-independent power flow equation (TI PFE) is used to explore the effect of the width of the distribution of the Gaussian launch beam on power flow in each of the seven cores. We show that the optical fiber length at which the equilibrium mode distribution (EMD) and steady-state distribution (SSD) are obtained is greatly influenced by the width of the Gaussian launch beam distribution. We further show that when the width of the Gaussian launch beam distribution widens, the optical fiber length at which angular division multiplexing (ADM) in each of the seven cores can be realized with minimal crosstalk between neighboring angular optical channels decreases. We demonstrate that, for increasing the capacity of an optical fiber transmission system, an SDM system with two- and three-channel ADM and multicore optical fiber multiplexing can be implemented with the proposed seven-core MM MC SOF at optical fiber lengths up to ≈1 km (2 ADM channels × 7 cores) and ≈200 m (3 ADM channels × 7 cores), respectively. Such characterization of MM MC SOFs under various launch conditions is important for building a multicore optical fiber SDM transmission system.

/pdf/influence-of-launch-beam-distribution-on-power-flow-and-m9d5825f.pdf

Influence of launch beam distribution on power flow and angular division multiplexing in seven-core silica optical fibers

Simulation and Research of Light Path Optical Wave Field of Optical Voltage Sensor Based on Pockels Effect

The mode coupling and random loss between different modes have important effects on the reliability of the multimode fiber-based mode division multiplexing transmission system. Using the VPI optical communication simulation platform, a short-distance analog-division multiplexing transmission system based on multimode fiber was designed and built. By setting the relevant parameters of mode coupling and random loss caused by bending, the quality of the eye diagram of the received signal is analyzed by the photoelectric signal analyzer at the receiving end. The experimental results show that the mode coupling has great influence on the anti-noise performance and anti-inter-symbol interference performance of the multimode fiber-based transmission system, and the random loss has great influence on the anti-noise performance of the system, this effect is more obvious in high-order linear polarization mode fiber.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2246/1/012034

Yang Zhou

Papers

Simulation and Research of Light Path Optical Wave Field of Optical Voltage Sensor Based on Pockels Effect

Research on mode-coupled multi-mode Fiber mode-division in multiplexing transmission system