Colloidal silica is used in many applications including catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and coatings. Although naturally formed silica materials are widely available, they are often in forms that are difficult to process or are even harmful to health. Therefore, uniform colloidal silicas are generally manufactured using synthetic chemical processes. While established high temperature gaseous synthesis methods fall out of favor in our energy conscious society, liquid synthesis methods are current industrial leaders. The precipitated silica method provides the majority share of commercially produced specialty silicas with its economic advantages predicted to continue to grow in the future. The biomimetic method and microemulsion methods of synthesis provide a superior level of surface chemistry and morphological control than current industrial processes and are the major focus of current silica synthesis research. Movement toward more tailor-made products and ecologically friendly production methods will likely...

Colloidal Silica Particle Synthesis and Future Industrial Manufacturing Pathways: A Review

A novel view of the separate and simultaneous binding effects of docetaxel and anastrozole with calf thymus DNA: Experimental and in silico approaches.

Ibuprofen is an important nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug endowed with various pharmacological and biological activities. In the present study, the photochemical properties of ibuprofen were evaluated by assaying the generation of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, singlet oxygen and the hydroxyl radical. ROS generated by ibuprofen in the presence of white light causes DNA strand scission as observed by plasmid nicking assay. Ibuprofen induced ROS generation is also capable of causing DNA degradation in lymphocytes as observed by photocomet assay. ROS generation properties of ibuprofen were further strengthened by the formation of carbonyl groups in BSA and TBARS in linoleic acid as observed by carbonyl assay and lipid peroxidation assay respectively. We have also investigated the mode of interaction of ibuprofen with calf thymus DNA through a series of in vitro experiments. UV-visible spectroscopy established the formation of a complex between ibuprofen and Ct DNA. The steady state fluorescence experiments at different temperatures revealed a binding constant of ∼104 L mol−1, which is indicative of intercalative binding between ibuprofen and the DNA helix. Analysis of the various thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS calculated at different temperatures indicated that the hydrogen bonds played a major role in the interaction. The intercalative binding mode is further confirmed by competitive displacement assays, urea denaturation, iodide quenching, viscosity measurements and CD analysis. In silico molecular docking revealed the binding of ibuprofen within the GC base pairs of DNA, confirming the intercalative binding mode.

Ibuprofen causes photocleavage through ROS generation and intercalates with DNA: a combined biophysical and molecular docking approach.

Pendimethalin (PND) is a systemic herbicide widely used on rice, cotton, peas, wheat, potatoes, fruits, nuts and other residential and non-residential crops; however, it concurrently exerts toxic effects on beneficial organisms like earthworms, aquatic invertebrates and other non-targeted animals including humans. Most likely, the genotoxicity of agrochemicals/drugs is modulated through cellular distribution of bound DNA. Therefore, the in vitro interaction of PND with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) has been investigated using various sensitive biophysical techniques to ascertain its binding mechanism. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectra suggested the formation of a complex between PND and ctDNA. The binding constant of the PND-ctDNA complex was found to be around 10(4) M(-1) using steady state fluorescence titration. The calculated positive values of enthalpy and entropy changes suggested that the binding reaction was predominantly driven by hydrophobic interactions. Competitive displacement studies using acridine orange (AO), ethidium bromide (EB) and Hoechst dye suggested intercalation of PND molecules into the double helix of ctDNA by replacing the bound AO and EB probes. An increase in the viscosity and melting temperature of ctDNA and a decrease in iodine-quenching also support the intercalative binding of PND with ctDNA. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the specific binding mode of PND between adjacent 'G-C' base pairs of ctDNA.

Binding properties of pendimethalin herbicide to DNA: multispectroscopic and molecular docking approaches.

The interaction of calf thymus DNA (ct DNA) with anastrozole, which is acknowledged as an antineoplastic drug, has been enquired into in the absence and presence of histone H1, through the means of...

Determining the Interaction Behavior of Calf Thymus DNA with Anastrozole in the Presence of Histone H1: Spectroscopies and Cell Viability of MCF-7 Cell Line Investigations.

Yanhuai Zhou

Papers

A multi-spectroscopic approach to investigate the interaction of prodigiosin with ct-DNA.

Studies on the binding behavior of prodigiosin with bovine hemoglobin by multi-spectroscopic techniques

A facile method for hemoglobin encapsulation in silica nanoparticles and application in biosensors

Comparison and investigation of bovine hemoglobin binding to dihydroartemisinin and 9-hydroxy-dihydroartemisinin: spectroscopic characterization.

Comparison of 9-hydroxy-artemisinin with artemisinin: Interaction with bovine hemoglobin