An international comparison of 50/60 Hz power is described. The traveling standard was an electronic power transducer which was tested at 120 V, 5 A, 53 Hz, at five power factors (1.0, 0.5 lead, 0.5 lag, 0.0 lead, and 0.0 lag). Fifteen national metrology institutes from six metrology regions participated in the comparison.

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An international comparison of 50/60 Hz power (1996-1999)

The paper describes a new thermal power transfer standard (FTS) developed through collaboration between VNIIM (Russia) and KRISS (Korea). The standard incorporates a resistive voltage divider and current shunts and a thermal power comparator based on dual-heater multijunction thermal converters. A new structure of the power comparator led to a significant reduction of the ac-dc transfer difference. Error components of the standard were evaluated In Russia, Korea, and Australia (NML). Also, an intercomparison between this PTS and NML's power standard was performed. The difference between the two standards at 53 Hz did not exceed 7 /spl mu/W/VA at any power factor.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/19/12386/00571869.pdf

A new power transfer standard, its investigation and intercomparison

A digital phase meter (DPM) for power frequencies with a very low measurement uncertainty of 1 ?rad was developed at Japan Electric Meters Inspection Corporation (JEMIC) to establish a power and energy calibration system. We also developed a phase meter calibrator (PMC) for calibrating the DPM. Since the DPM and PMC are synchronized with a single clock, the DPM can be calibrated by a very simple measurement method, which no longer requires extra standards. The DPM has been employed as an instrument for the primary standard of power and energy in Japan to achieve precise phase angle measurement. Since the error in the power measurement at power factor 0 is equal to the error in the phase angle measurement, we verified the performance of the DPM by calibrating a standard power meter using the power calibrators at JEMIC and Physikalische-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), and comparing the test results at power factor 0. According to the measurement, the phase angle difference between JEMIC and PTB is within 7 ?rad.

A New Precision Digital Phase Meter and Its Simple Calibration Method

The performance characteristics of the staircase waveform of a DAC entitled as “DAC aliasing effect” are analyzed and reviewed. Its applications in precise measurements in voltage and power are further proposed using the fundamental comparison.

The application of the staircase waveform of a DAC for precise measurements of electrical quantities

Proposes a new power tracing method named with RMS-Impedance by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several wideband power measurement methods, and gives the principles and realizations of RMS-Impedance Method, Three Parameters Method and Three Voltmeters Method. In order to build a wideband power standard, we compare and verify these three methods by experiments, and try a new power tracing approach.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6030004/6037664/06037709.pdf

Research on power tracing methods at frequencies from 400 Hz to 100 kHz

A thermal power comparator for audio-frequency measurements is presented. It is essentially a double-bridge-type multiplier that consists of two multijunction thermal converters that contain two heaters. Together with a precision inductive voltage divider and current transformer for extending the voltage and current range, the comparator ensured a high-precision power standard with an AC/DC transfer error of less than 15 p.p.m. in the audio-frequency range. >

A new power standard for audio-frequency measurements

By 2021, the installed capacity of northwest of china renewable energy is 127.69 million kw, including 68.61 million kw of wind power and 59.08 million kw of photovoltaic power. After large-scale renewable energy clusters are connected to the power grid, the whole power grid presents high power electronic characteristics, the problem of power system stability is prominent, and the safe and stable operation of the power grid is facing great challenges. Facing the increasing shortage of traditional frequency modulation resources and the rapid development trend of renewable energy in the network, it is urgent to carry out the work of using the active power regulation ability of wind power and photovoltaic to participate in system frequency modulation. From the perspective of power grid operation demand, this paper puts forward the optimization scheme of primary frequency regulation control parameters of renewable energy power generation. The cluster simulation modeling technology based on different types of inverters and the extraction and optimization technology of key parameters improve the active support ability of renewable energy and new energy. Through the application in practical equipment, power station and power grid, good results have been achieved. The research results have good popularization and application value for improving the frequency stability of regional power grid. 

Exploration and practice of key technologies for frequency modulation parameter optimization of large-scale centralized access to renewable energy power generation

Yaolan Jia

Papers

A new power standard for audio-frequency measurements

Exploration and practice of key technologies for frequency modulation parameter optimization of large-scale centralized access to renewable energy power generation