Nowadays, many current real financial applications have nonlinear and uncertain behaviors which change across the time. Therefore, the need to solve highly nonlinear, time variant problems has been growing rapidly. These problems along with other problems of traditional models caused growing interest in artificial intelligent techniques. In this paper, comparative research review of three famous artificial intelligence techniques, i.e., artificial neural networks, expert systems and hybrid intelligence systems, in financial market has been done. A financial market also has been categorized on three domains: credit evaluation, portfolio management and financial prediction and planning. For each technique, most famous and especially recent researches have been discussed in comparative aspect. Results show that accuracy of these artificial intelligent methods is superior to that of traditional statistical methods in dealing with financial problems, especially regarding nonlinear patterns. However, this outperformance is not absolute.

A comparative survey of artificial intelligence applications in finance: artificial neural networks, expert system and hybrid intelligent systems

An Overview of Hybrid Neural Systems.- An Overview of Hybrid Neural Systems.- Structured Connectionism and Rule Representation.- Layered Hybrid Connectionist Models for Cognitive Science.- Types and Quantifiers in SHRUTI - A Connectionist Model of Rapid Reasoning and Relational Processing.- A Recursive Neural Network for Reflexive Reasoning.- A Novel Modular Neural Architecture for Rule-Based and Similarity-Based Reasoning.- Addressing Knowledge-Representation Issues in Connectionist Symbolic Rule Encoding for General Inference.- Towards a Hybrid Model of First-Order Theory Refinement.- Distributed Neural Architectures and Language Processing.- Dynamical Recurrent Networks for Sequential Data Processing.- Fuzzy Knowledge and Recurrent Neural Networks: A Dynamical Systems Perspective.- Combining Maps and Distributed Representations for Shift-Reduce Parsing.- Towards Hybrid Neural Learning Internet Agents.- A Connectionist Simulation of the Empirical Acquisition of Grammatical Relations.- Large Patterns Make Great Symbols: An Example of Learning from Example.- Context Vectors: A Step Toward a "Grand Unified Representation".- Integration of Graphical Rules with Adaptive Learning of Structured Information.- Transformation and Explanation.- Lessons from Past, Current Issues, and Future Research Directions in Extracting the Knowledge Embedded in Artificial Neural Networks.- Symbolic Rule Extraction from the DIMLP Neural Network.- Understanding State Space Organization in Recurrent Neural Networks with Iterative Function Systems Dynamics.- Direct Explanations and Knowledge Extraction from a Multilayer Perceptron Network that Performs Low Back Pain Classification.- High Order Eigentensors as Symbolic Rules in Competitive Learning.- Holistic Symbol Processing and the Sequential RAAM: An Evaluation.- Robotics, Vision and Cognitive Approaches.- Life, Mind, and Robots.- Supplementing Neural Reinforcement Learning with Symbolic Methods.- Self-Organizing Maps in Symbol Processing.- Evolution of Symbolisation: Signposts to a Bridge between Connectionist and Symbolic Systems.- A Cellular Neural Associative Array for Symbolic Vision.- Application of Neurosymbolic Integration for Environment Modelling in Mobile Robots.

Hybrid neural systems

This chapter provides an introduction to the field of hybrid neural systems. Hybrid neural systems are computational systems which are based mainly on artificial neural networks but also allow a symbolic interpretation or interaction with symbolic components. In this overview, we will describe recent results of hybrid neural systems. We will give a brief overview of the main methods used, outline the work that is presented here, and provide additional references. We will also highlight some important general issues and trends.

An Overview of Hybrid Neural Systems

The main goal of all commercial banks is to collect the savings of legal and real persons and allocate them as credit to industrial, services and production companies. Non repayment of such credits cause many problems to the banks such as incapability to repay the central bank's loans, increasing the amount of credit allocations comparing to credit repayment and incapability to allocate more credits to customers. The importance of credit allocation in banking industry and it's important role in economic growth and employment creation leads the development of many models to evaluate the credit risk of applicants. But many of these models are classic and are incapable to do credit evaluation completely and efficiently. Therefore the demand to use artificial intelligence in this field has grown up. In this paper after providing appropriate credit ranking model and collecting expert's knowledge, we design a hybrid intelligent system for credit ranking using reasoning-transformational models. Expert system as symbolic module and artificial neural network as non-symbolic module are components of this hybrid system. Such models provide the unique features of each components, the reasoning and explanation of expert system and the generalization and adaptability of artificial neural networks. The results of this system demonstrate hybrid intelligence system is more accurate and powerful in credit ranking comparing to expert systems and traditional banking models.

Hybrid credit ranking intelligent system using expert system and artificial neural networks

This paper describes preference classes and preference Moore machines as a basis for integrating different hybrid neural representations. Preference classes are shown to provide a basic link between neural preferences and fuzzy representations at the preference class level. Preference Moore machines provide a link between recurrent neural networks and symbolic transducers at the preference Moore machine level. We demonstrate how the concepts of preference classes and preference Moore machines can be used to interpret neural network representations and to integrate knowledge from hybrid neural representations. One main contribution of this paper is the introduction and analysis of neural preference Moore machines and their link to a fuzzy interpretation. Furthermore, we illustrate the interpretation and combination of various neural preference Moore machines with additional real-world examples.

Ying Cheng

Papers

System integrating connectionist and ibolic approaches for spoken language understanding.

Integration of neural networks and robust parsers in natural language understanding.