Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate critical physiological processes, such as cell growth, survival, motility, and metabolism. Abnormal activation of RTKs and relative downstream signaling is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Phage display allows the rapid selection of peptide ligands of membrane receptors. These peptides can target in vitro and in vivo tumor cells and represent a novel therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. Further, they are more convenient compared to antibodies, being less expensive and non-immunogenic. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of phage display for development of peptide ligands of tyrosine kinase membrane receptors and discuss their potential applications for tumor-targeted therapy.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/4/649/pdf

Phage-displayed peptides for targeting tyrosine kinase membrane receptors in cancer therapy

Electrochemical prostate-specific antigen biosensors based on electroconductive nanomaterials and polymers

Development of molecular biology and understanding structures and functions of various biological molecules and entities allowed to construct various sophisticated tools for different biotechnological, medical, and veterinary applications. One of them is the phage display technology, based on the possibility to create specific bacteriophages bearing fusion genes, which code for fusion proteins consisting of a phage coat protein and a peptide of any amino acid sequence. Such proteins retain their biological functions as structural elements of phage virions while exposing foreign peptide sequences on their surfaces. Genetic manipulations allow to construct phage display libraries composed of billions of variants of exposed peptides; such libraries can be used to select peptides of desired features. Although the phage display technology has been widely used in biotechnology and medicine, its applications in veterinary and especially in poultry science were significantly less frequent. Nevertheless, many interesting discoveries have been reported also in the latter field, providing evidence for a possibility of effective applications of phage display-related methods in developing novel diagnostic tools, new vaccines, and innovative potential therapies dedicated to poultry. Especially, infectious diseases caused by avian viruses, bacteria, and unicellular eukaryotic parasites were investigated in this field. These studies are summarized and discussed in this review, with presentation of various possibilities provided by different phage display systems in development of useful and effective products facilitating management of the problem of infectious diseases of poultry.

The use of phage display systems to combat infectious diseases in poultry: diagnostic, vaccine, and therapeutic approaches.

Peptides can act as targeting molecules, analogously to oligonucleotide aptamers and antibodies. They are particularly efficient in terms of production and stability in physiological environments; in recent years, they have been increasingly studied as targeting agents for several diseases, from tumors to central nervous system disorders, also thanks to the ability of some of them to cross the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we will describe the techniques employed for their experimental and in silico design, as well as their possible applications. We will also discuss advancements in their formulation and chemical modifications that make them even more stable and effective. Finally, we will discuss how their use could effectively help to overcome various physiological problems and improve existing treatments.

/pdf/targeting-peptides-the-new-generation-of-targeted-drug-1pulqzdw.pdf

Targeting Peptides: The New Generation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

To investigate the prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rate of chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in Zhejiang Province, China.We estimated the annual changes in the detected prevalence of CA and prenatal diagnosis rate among 681,590 births in Zhejiang Province, China, between 2014 and 2020. Data were derived from the provincial birth defects surveillance system, which represents 30% of annual births in Zhejiang Province. The effect of maternal age was also evaluated.The detected prevalence of sex chromosomal abnormalities (1.70-7.30 per 10,000 births, Ptrend < 0.001) and microdeletion and microduplication (0.30-6.81 per 10,000 births, Ptrend < 0.001) gradually increased, contributing to an upward trend in overall CA (12.09-39.22 per 10,000 births). The diagnosis rate before 22 gestational weeks constantly increased from 20.8 to 70.1% for trisomy 21 (Ptrend = 0.003). The prevalence rate ratio for maternal age of ≥ 35 years was higher than that for maternal age of 25-29 years for trisomy 21 (5.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.59-6.35) and sex chromosomal abnormalities (3.28, 95% CI 2.48-4.33).The rising prevalence of CA in China may be attributable to the elevated maternal age and the innovation of prenatal diagnosis tools, Thus, studies should pay attention to the rare CA that were previously ignored, and select rational screening tools. 

/pdf/trends-in-the-prevalence-prenatal-diagnosis-and-outcomes-of-2zbx41kw.pdf

Trends in the prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, and outcomes of births with chromosomal abnormalities: a hospital-based study in Zhejiang Province, China during 2014–2020

Phage display is an effective and powerful technique that provides a route to discovery unique peptides targeting to tumor cells. Specifically binding peptides are considered as the valuable target directing molecule fragments with potential efficiency to improve the current tumor clinic, and offer new approaches for tumor prevention, diagnosis and treatment. We focus on the recent advances in the isolation of tumor-targeting peptides by biopanning methods, with particular emphasis on molecular imaging, and pharmaceutical targeting therapy.

/pdf/application-of-phage-displayed-peptides-in-tumor-imaging-19i60d09gp.pdf

Application of Phage-Displayed Peptides in Tumor Imaging Diagnosis and Targeting Therapy.

To evaluate the clinical value of BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay in detection of microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. A total of 6,814 cases of amniotic fluid cells collected from January 2015 to July 2020 in our hospital were analyzed by chromosomal karyotyping and BoBs assay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provided further validation for the cases of microdeletion and microduplication. Thirty microdeletion and microduplication syndromes were identified by BoBs with an incidence of ~1/227, including 22q11.2 microduplication (0.044%, 3/6814), DiGeorge I syndrome (0.044%, 3/6814), 17p11.2 microduplication (0.015%, 1/6814), Smith–Magenis syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814), 17p11.2p11.3 microduplication (0.015%, 1/6814), Williams–Beuren syndrome (0.088%, 6/6814), 7q11.2 microduplication (0.029%, 2/6814), DiGeorge II syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814), 18p11.32p11.21 microduplication (0.015%, 1/6814), Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (0.029%, 2/6814), 4p16.3 microduplication (0.015%, 1/6814), Langer–Giedion syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814), Miller–Dieker syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814), Cri du Chat syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814), Xp22.31 microdeletion (0.059%, 4/6814), Prader–Willi syndrome (0.015%, 1/6814). High concordance was obtained between BoBs and FISH or CMA. However, only four cases were detected by chromosomal karyotyping. BoBs assay can rapidly detect microdeletion and microduplication syndromes, which compensates the shortcomings of conventional chromosomal karyotyping and greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.

Ying Zhan

Papers

Application of Phage-Displayed Peptides in Tumor Imaging Diagnosis and Targeting Therapy.

BACs-on-Beads Assay for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Microdeletion and Microduplication Syndromes.