We have examined 40 normal subjects (20 men and 20 women) to determine the ideal range of motion required to perform activities of daily living. The amount of wrist flexion and extension, as well as radial and ulnar deviation, was measured simultaneously by means of a biaxial wrist electrogoniometer. The entire battery of evaluated tasks could be achieved with 60 degrees of extension, 54 degrees of flexion, 40 degrees of ulnar deviation, and 17 degrees of radial deviation, which reflects the maximum wrist motion required for daily activities. The majority of the hand placement and range of motion tasks that were studied in this project could be accomplished with 70 percent of the maximal range of wrist motion. This converts to 40 degrees each of wrist flexion and extension, and 40 degrees of combined radial-ulnar deviation. This study provides normal standards for the functional range of motion of the wrist.

Functional ranges of motion of the wrist joint

https://pure.tue.nl/ws/files/4336500/605767.pdf

A least-squares algorithm for the equiform transformation from spatial marker co-ordinates

Justification of triaxial goniometer for the measurement of joint rotation.

The relative motion of selected carpal bones and the radius was studied using five cadaver specimens labeled with metal markers to precisely quantitate their motions. Data was obtained by means of a combination of orthoradiography, sonic digitization, and computer analysis. We conclude that the wrist functions as two carpal rows with the distal row bones relatively tightly bound to one another and the proximal row bones less so but still moving together. Therefore, we theorize that the proximal row functions as a variable geometry intercalated segment between the distal row and the radius-triangular fibrocartilage.

Yong-San Yoon

Papers

Analytical development in investigation of wrist kinematics