There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.

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Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

[Liu, Chang; Li, Feng; Ma, Lai-Peng; Cheng, Hui-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.;Cheng, HM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China;cheng@imr.ac.cn

Advanced Materials for Energy Storage

Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocat...

Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Approaches, Derivatives and Applications Vasilios Georgakilas,† Michal Otyepka,‡ Athanasios B. Bourlinos,‡ Vimlesh Chandra, Namdong Kim, K. Christian Kemp, Pavel Hobza,‡,§,⊥ Radek Zboril,*,‡ and Kwang S. Kim* †Institute of Materials Science, NCSR “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310 Athens, Greece ‡Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo naḿ. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic

Functionalization of Graphene: Covalent and Non-Covalent Approaches, Derivatives and Applications

Graphene based materials: Past, present and future

Graphene-based nanocomposites have been demonstrated to be promising high-capacity anodes for lithium ion batteries to satisfy the ever-growing demands for higher capacity, longer cycle life and better high-rate performance. Synergetic effects between graphene and the introduced second-phase component are generally observed. In this feature review article, we will focus on the recent work on four different categories of graphene-based nanocomposite anodes by us and others: graphene-transitional metal oxide, graphene–Sn/Si/Ge, graphene–metal sulfide, and graphene–carbon nanotubes. For the supported materials on graphene, we will emphasize the non-zero dimensional (non-particle) morphologies such as two dimensional nanosheet/nanoplate and one dimensional nanorod/nanofibre/nanotube morphologies. The synthesis strategies and lithium-ion storage properties of these highlighted electrode morphologies are distinct from those of the commonly obtained zero dimensional nanoparticles. We aim to stress the importance of structure matching in the composites and their morphology-dependent lithium-storage properties and mechanisms.

Graphene-based nanocomposite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Macroporous Co3O4 platelets with excellent rate capability as anodes for lithium ion batteries

In the present study, we designed and prepared multilayer NiO@Co3O4 hollow spheres decorated with graphene quantum dots (NiO@Co3O4@GQDs) through a rational solvothermal treatment. The decoration of the GQDs endowed the hybrid structure with excellent electrochemical behaviors in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors (SCs). The core–shell NiO@Co3O4 hollow structure was designed based on the stepwise lithium storage mechanism (first in the Co3O4 shell and then in the NiO core). The carboxyl-functionalized GQDs led to reduced interfacial resistance and increased surface area for electrochemical reactions. The high polarity of the carboxyl functionalized GQDs also showed a strong affinity to the Li+ in LIBs and K+/OH− in SCs. As an anode for LIBs, it demonstrated a large reversible capacity of 1158 mA h g−1 (NiO@Co3O4 contribution: ∼1327 mA h g−1) after 250 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. As a SC cathode, it held an impressive high specific capacitance of 1361 F g−1 (748.5 C g−1) at 1 A g−1, and retained 76.4% capacitance after 3000 cycles. Moreover, the assembled all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) (NiO@Co3O4@GQDs//AC) could deliver an energy density of 38.44 W h kg−1 and a superior cyclability (84.3% retention after 10 000 cycles).

Multilayer NiO@Co3O4@graphene quantum dots hollow spheres for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors

A unique CoS-graphene sheet-on-sheet nanocomposite has been successfully prepared by anchoring CoS nanosheets on the surface of graphene nanosheets (GNS) with the assistance of the structure-directing agent of ethylenediamine. The shape and size of the introduced CoS nanosheets can be further adjusted by varying the amount of GNS. The unprecedented sheet-like CoS structure is believed to be matched well with GNS basically due to their similar two-dimensional structure with maximum contact areas between two components. The strong interaction between CoS and the underlying highly conductive graphene can facilitate fast electron and ion transport and improve structure stability of the composite. The composite with 26.2% GNS displays excellent electrochemical performance when evaluated as an anode for rechargeable lithium-ion battery. A larger-than-theoretical reversible capacity of 898 mAh/g can be delivered after 80 cycles at 0.1 C along with excellent high-rate cycling performance. The CoS-graphene sheet-o...

Morphological Effect of Graphene Nanosheets on Ultrathin CoS Nanosheets and Their Applications for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries and Photocatalysis

In this work, hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with smooth single shells, deformed single shells, double shells, and N-doped shells were prepared using silica spheres as templates and benzene as a carbon precursor via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It was observed that the morphology of the HCSs largely depended on the experimental conditions, including CVD duration and temperature, and the diameter of silica spheres. Results showed that relatively large silica spheres favored the formation of HCSs with a very smooth surface. A short CVD time led to a thin carbon shell, thus deformed HCSs. High CVD temperatures enhanced the graphitic nature of the HCSs. Experimental data also demonstrated that the cyclability of the HCSs as an anode in lithium-ion batteries was improved after doping with N. The use of HCSs as templates for the fabrication of monodisperse hollow silica spheres was also demonstrated in this work.

Yong Wang

Papers

Graphene-based nanocomposite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Macroporous Co3O4 platelets with excellent rate capability as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Multilayer NiO@Co3O4@graphene quantum dots hollow spheres for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors

Morphological Effect of Graphene Nanosheets on Ultrathin CoS Nanosheets and Their Applications for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries and Photocatalysis

Hollow carbon spheres with a controllable shell structure