Numerous new broadband and multimedia applications have emerged in recent years, in which streaming video services are particularly of interest. Unlike data communication, streaming video requires a subjective measure of quality referred to as the Quality of Experience (QoE), but the subjective evaluation is very time consuming and complex. We are proposing an objective approach to provide mapping between QoE and Quality of Service (QoS), in which Video Quality Metric (VQM) is utilized to indicate QoE. We have analyzed the emulation results and derived a simple formula to estimate QoE from QoS parameters for streaming video under certain conditions. This method is non-intrusive and quick to use.

VQM-based QoS/QoE mapping for streaming video

Presented herein are methods and systems that facilitate data plane signaling of a packet as a candidate for capture at various network nodes within an IPv6 network. The signaling occurs in-band, via the data plane—that is, a capture or interrogation signal is embedded within the respective packet (e.g., in the packet header) that carries a user traffic. The signaling is inserted, preferably when the packet is classified, e.g., at the ingress node of the network, to which subsequent network nodes with the IPv6 network are signaled to capture or further inspect the packet for capture.

System and method for dataplane-signaled packet capture in ipv6 environment

Presented herein are segment-routing methods and systems that facilitate data plane signaling of a packet as a candidate for capture at various network nodes within a segment routing (SR) network. The signaling occurs in-band, via the data plane—that is, a capture or interrogation signal is embedded within the respective packet that carries a user traffic. The signaling is inserted, preferably when the packet is classified, e.g., at the ingress node of the network, to which subsequent network nodes with the SR network are signaled to capture or further inspect the packet for capture.

System and method for dataplane-signaled packet capture in a segment routing environment

This article reports on the design and the experimental realization of packet-switched optical network (PSON) for a data center network. In PSON, an optical interconnect consists of a combination of a fast tunable laser (FTL), an arrayed waveguide grating router, and a burst mode receiver (BMR). The conventional FTL transmitters can only accommodate short fixed-size photonic frame (PF) of tens of microseconds rather than variable-size PF due to the short-term wavelength stability. By using the FTL with a thermal compensation method, the PSON can support variable-size PFs with extended size to minimize the switching overhead in the optical switch domain. Our PSON system can achieve up to 96% throughput of 10 GbE service as the end-to-end optical switching time is reduced to 1.94  $\mu$ s that requires only 3  $\mu$ s guard-time in a 45  $\mu$ s time-slot. Total switching time includes wavelength conversion time of FTL, response time of BMR and burst mode-clock and data recovery (BM-CDR). Our PSON will achieve near non-blocking scheduling by use of a centralized scheduler running a grant-aware (GA) scheduling algorithm, which can be further improved to be non-blocking scheduling with a novel algorithm called C-RRP. The C-RRP scheduling algorithm is designed especially for the non-uniform distribution. Simulation results show that C-RRP improves the throughput and latency performance in hot-spot conditions.

Experimental Demonstration of a Photonic Frame Based Packet-Switched Optical Network for Data Centers

In this study, we propose a new wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) system to support the blended fiber-free space optics (FSO) signal access. To provide the fiber and FSO traffics simultaneously, the C- and L-band channels are applied in the presented PON, respectively. Moreover, to avoid the fiber breakpoint in the fiber access traffic, the proposed WDM access architecture also can provide the self-restored mechanism by applying simple fiber routing path. In addition, the corresponding signal performances of fiber and FSO channels are also executed experimentally for demonstration. 

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Integrated Fiber-FSO WDM Access System with Fiber Fault Protection

An optical access network plays a critical role in accommodating explosive new services such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), machine-to-machine, and human-to-machine interaction applications. Continuous expansion of capacity as well as low latency in the optical access network are very important issues to avoid loss of connectivity for 5G and Tactile Internet. A time-division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) is an attractive solution to provide optical connectivity to end users in residential, business, and mobile applications since multiple remote nodes with simple optical power splitters give us easy-to-use optical connection anywhere in an optical distributed network. This article reviews TDM-PON-based optical access technologies for bandwidth-intensive as well as low-latency services, and introduces a recent feasibility demonstration of a Tactile Internet testbed. Technical challenges faced by TDM-PON for future networks in terms of capacity, latency, and virtual-izationlslicing are also discussed.

TDM-PON-Based Optical Access Network for Tactile Internet, 5G, and Beyond

In order to perform protection switching of a frame that is transmitted and received between a packet processor and a host processor, when an input frame is a receiving frame and a signal failure has occurred, by transporting a message including a protection switching command to a packet processor, protection switching is performed. Information representing that protection switching is performed is recorded in a header of the receiving frame, and a frame including a message including a corresponding header is transported to the host processor.

Method and apparatus for protection switching in packet transport system

In this paper, we examine the impact of photonic frame length to latency and traffic throughput in photonic packet switching scheme with passive optical switches.

Design and implementation of photonic frame wrapper for photonic packet switching in data centers

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of IPv6 packet forwarding engine for flow based Router which has the capability to handle several millions of flows at wire speed in high-speed networks. The IPv6 packet forwarding engine allows the improvement of both its performance and its flexibility with existing Network Processors. The functionality of the design has been tested using the VCS simulation package. The design has been implemented in a virtex4vlx100-ff1148 device. The simulation environment was made to verify the performance of this engine with the external 10G MAC and NSE modeling files. The simulation results show that the IPv6 packet forwarding function including the external look-up can be completed in 10Gbps data rate with an minimum internal clock of 156.25 MHz under 64 bits parallel internal bus.

Design and implementation of IPv6 packet forwarding engine for flow based router

We demonstrate an all-optical switching scheme of $\sim 10\ \mu \mathrm{s}$ time scale. The key enablers are wavelength router, tunable and burst transceiver, photonic frame wrapper, and controller. We verify important features and their characteristics including processing time and expandability.

YongWook Ra

Papers

TDM-PON-Based Optical Access Network for Tactile Internet, 5G, and Beyond

Method and apparatus for protection switching in packet transport system

Design and implementation of photonic frame wrapper for photonic packet switching in data centers

Design and implementation of IPv6 packet forwarding engine for flow based router

Photonic Frame Based Packet Switching Optical Network