An automated salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction approach using 1-octylamine: On-line separation of tetracycline in urine samples followed by HPLC-UV determination

Bio-barcode detection technology and its research applications: A review

In this review, we examined the European legislative context on water protection concerning pesticide residues monitoring and the relevant National Action Plans and strategies that were undertaken in European countries to better identify and manage the problem in water bodies. Furthermore, we illustrated the development of analytical methodologies and criticalities connected to determine pesticide residues in water matrices, including sampling, sample preparation approaches, instrumental analyses and specific applications emphasising those works published after 2015. Details about sampling strategies, analytical feasibility, official methods, degradation products and behaviour in the environment for a subset of 160 pesticides are also provided.

The monitoring of pesticides in water matrices and the analytical criticalities: A review

Spatial distribution, ecological and health risk assessment and source identification of atrazine in Shadegan international wetland, Iran.

Biodegradation of the fungicide Pyraclostrobin by bacteria from orange cultivation plots.

In this study, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (SALLE-HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of carbaryl, atrazine, propazine, chlorothalonil, dimethametryn and terbutryn in environmental water samples. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as type and volume of extraction solvent, sample volume, salt type and amount, centrifugation speed and time, and sample pH were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions the method was linear over the range of 10 - 100 μg/L (carbaryl), 8 - 100 μg/L (atarzine), 7 - 100 μg/L (propazine) and 9 - 100 μg/L (chlorothalonil, terbutryn and dimethametryn) with correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.99 and 0.999. Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 2.0 to 2.8 μg/L and 6.7 to 9.5 μg/L, respectively. The extraction recoveries obtained for ground, lake and river waters were in a range of 75.5% to 106.6%, with the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation lower than 3.4% for all the target analytes. All of the target analytes were not detected in these samples. Therefore, the proposed SALLE-HPLC-DAD method is simple, rapid, cheap and environmentally friendly for the determination of the aforementioned herbicides, insecticide and fungicide residues in environmental water samples.

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Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with HPLC for Quantitative Extraction of Trace Multiclass Pesticide Residues from Environmental Waters

Background Labor pain management is crucial to ensure the quality of obstetric care but it is one of the neglected areas in obstetrics. This study aimed to assess the practice of labor pain management and associated factors among skilled attendants working in public health facilities in Southern, Ethiopia from November 1–January 26, 2019. Methods An Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from November 1–January 26, 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 272 obstetric care providers. Data were collected using pretested, and structured questionnaires. Data were entered to Epi data version 3.1 statistical software and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance. Result Overall, 37.5% (95%CI: 32%, 43%) of health care providers had a good practice on non-pharmacological labor pain management. Clinical experience of 5 years and above (AOR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.60, 5.42), favorable attitude (AOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.56, 5.07), midwife profession (AOR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.98, 4.27), and working in satisfactory delivery rooms (AOR = 3.45, 95%CI: 2.09, 7.43), were significantly associated with a health professional good practice of labor pain management. Conclusion This study showed that the practice of non-pharmacological labor pain management was poor in public health facilities in Gamo and Gofa zone. It was observed that having a favorable attitude, having ≥5 years of work experience, being a midwife by professional, and having a satisfactory delivery room were found to be significant predictors of the practice of non -pharmacological labor pain management. Therefore, all health facilities and concerned bodies need efforts to focus on providing training to midwives on non-pharmacological labor pain management practice.

Non-pharmacological labor pain management practice and associated factors among skilled attendants working in public health facilities in Gamo and Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Sample pre-treatment during determination of pesticides in sediment and soil is difficult due to matrix effects. For this reason, a low density dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (ld-dllme) was developed for the determination of carbaryl, cynazine, atrazine, and propazine. The experimental parameters that could potentially influence performances of the developed analytical technique including the extraction solvent type and volume, disperser solvent type and volume, extraction and centrifugation time, centrifugation speed, salt concentration, and pH were optimized. The optimum experimental values were found to be 50 mL 1-octanol, 0.6 mL acetonitrile, 5 min extraction time, centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 3 min, 10% NaCl and pH 5. At the optimum conditions, the methods offer good linearity (R2 = 0.998–0.999) for the concentration ranges of 30-800 µg/kg; the detection limit (lod) ranging from 9-24 µg/kg; precision <5.3% rsd, and reproducibility 0.5-5.2% rsd. The accuracy of the method, determined in terms of recovery was found to vary from 74.5-109.7%. Therefore, the developed analytical method could be used for the determination of trace level of pesticides residues in sediment and agricultural soil samples.

DLLME coupled with HPLC-DAD for enrichment of pesticide residues in environmental sediment and soil samples

Background The interval between the decision for an emergency cesarean section and the delivery of the fetus should be made within 30 minutes. In a setting like Ethiopia, the recommendation of 30 minutes is unrealistic. Decision to delivery interval should, therefore, be considered as vital in improving perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess the decision to delivery interval, its perinatal outcomes, and associated factors. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, and a consecutive sampling technique was used. Both the questionnaire and the data extraction sheet were used, and data analysis was done using a statistical package for social science version 25 software. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with decision to delivery interval. P-value < 0.05 level of significance with a 95% Confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results Decision-to-delivery interval below 30 minutes was observed in 21.3% of emergency cesarean sections. Category one (AOR=8.45, 95% CI, 4.66, 15.35), the presence of additional OR table (AOR=3.31, 95% CI, 1.42, 7.70), availability of materials and drugs (AOR=4.08, 95% CI, 1.3, 12.62) and night time (AOR=3.08, 95% CI, 1.04, 9.07) were factors significantly associated. The finding revealed that there was no statistically significant association between prolonged decisions to delivery interval with adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusions Decision-to-delivery intervals were not achieved within the recommended time interval. The prolonged decision to delivery interval and adverse perinatal outcomes had no significant association. Providers and facilities should be better equipped in advance and ready for a rapid emergency cesarean section.

Yosef Alemayehu

Papers

Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined with HPLC for Quantitative Extraction of Trace Multiclass Pesticide Residues from Environmental Waters

Non-pharmacological labor pain management practice and associated factors among skilled attendants working in public health facilities in Gamo and Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

DLLME coupled with HPLC-DAD for enrichment of pesticide residues in environmental sediment and soil samples

Decision to Delivery Interval, Perinatal Outcome and Factors Following Emergency Cesarean Section in Southern Ethiopia