We redescribe the only previously known species of Myrsidea from bulbuls, M. pycnonoti Eichler. Sixteen new species are described; they and their type hosts are: M. phillipsi ex Pycnonotus goiavier goiavier (Scopoli), M. gieferi ex P. goiavier suluensis Mearns, M. kulpai ex P. flavescens Blyth, M. finlaysoni ex P. finlaysoni Strickland, M. kathleenae ex P. cafer (L.), M. warwicki ex Ixos philippinus (J. R. Forster), M. mcclurei ex Microscelis amaurotis (Temminck), M. zeylanici ex P. zeylanicus (Gmelin), M. plumosi ex P. plumosus Blyth, M. eutiloti ex P. eutilotus (Jardine and Selby), M. adamsae ex P. urostictus (Salvadori), M. ochracei ex Criniger ochraceus F. Moore, M. borbonici ex Hypsipetes borbonicus (J. R. Forster), M. johnsoni ex P. atriceps (Temminck), M. palmai ex C. ochraceus, and M. claytoni ex P. eutilotus. A key is provided for the identification of these 17 species.

A new species

Superoxide ion (O2•–) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2•– is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2•– were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2•– reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2•– so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2•– followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2•– are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2•– environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2•– are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the f...

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

Extraction of oil from microalgae for biodiesel production: A review

Economical and environmental aspects are the main motivation for research on energy efficient processes and the search for environment friendly materials for CO2 capture. Currently, CO2 capture is dominated by amine-based (e.g., monoethanolamine) technologies, which are very energy intensive and less attractive from an environmental point of view due to emissions of the used volatile solvent components. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a promising alternative to the conventional volatile solvents, because of their low volatility and other interesting properties. This remarkable interest has led to a rapid growth of literature on this specific subject. The aim of the present review paper is to provide a detailed overview of the achievements and difficulties that has been encountered in finding a suitable ionic liquid for CO2 capture from flue-gas streams. A major part of this review includes an overview of the experimental data of CO2 solubility, selectivity, and diffusivity in different ionic liquids. ...

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ie3003705

State-of-the-Art of CO2 Capture with Ionic Liquids

http://biodiesel.persiangig.com/Cultivation/(3)Microalgae%20biofuels-%20A%20critical%20review%20of%20issues,%20problems%20and%20the%20way%20forward%20Review%20Article.pdf

Microalgae biofuels: A critical review of issues, problems and the way forward

Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) measurements of ionic liquids ([bmim+][PF6−], [bmim+][BF4−], [bmim+][OcSO4−]) and analysis with the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state

Fatty acid production from a highly CO2 tolerant alga, Chlorocuccum littorale, in the presence of inorganic carbon and nitrate.

Pure component pressure−volume−temperature (pVT) data for five imidazolium-based ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [emim][PF6], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [hmim][PF6], 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [omim][PF6], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [emim][BF4], and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [hmim][BF4], were measured with a bellows type apparatus. High-pressure densities of ionic liquids showed smooth trends with temperature and pressure variations except for [emim][PF6] which exhibited a solid phase transition at temperatures below 352.7 K and which solidified at 100 MPa at 352.7 K. Solid densities were measured and were about 6.3 % higher than those of the liquid. Isothermal compressibilities and thermal expansion coefficients were calculated from the Tait equation that was fit to the pVT data. Isothermal compressibilities increased with alkyl chain length which is probably related to the ionic liquid free vo...

High-pressure densities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates at temperatures from (313 to 473) K and at pressures up to 200 MPa

CH4–CO2 replacement in CH4 hydrate with high pressure CO2 was studied with in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy at 273.2 K and at initial pressures of 3.2, 5.4, and 6.0 MPa. Replacement rates increased with increasing pressures up to 3.6 MPa and did not change at higher pressures (∼6.0 MPa). These results showed that the replacement rates were dependent on pressure and phase conditions with the driving force being strongly related to fugacity differences of the two guest components between fluid and hydrate phases. When CH4 hydrate was contacted with CO2 under flow conditions, in-situ Raman measurements of the hydrate phase showed differences of cage decomposition rates between the Medium-cage (M-cage) and the Small-cage (S-cage) in the CH4 hydrate with decomposition of the M-cage being faster than that of the S-cage. The van der Waals–Platteeuw model was applied to the measurements of the transient data and it is shown that the theory allows estimation of occupancies of each component during replacement. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007

Macro and microscopic CH4-CO2 replacement in CH4 hydrate under pressurized CO2

Solubilities are reported for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in polypropylene (PP) at temperatures from 313.2 to 483.7 K and at pressures up to 25 MPa. Buoyancy corrections required in the data reduction were estimated with the Sanchez and Lacombe equation of state (S-L EOS). Solubilities of CO 2 in molten state PP could be correlated to within 5% for both the S-L EOS and the group-contribution lattice-fluid equation of state (GCLF EOS). The change in crystallinity of rubbery state PP with CO 2 dissolution into the polymer was predicted with the GCLF EOS and the solubility data under the assumption that CO 2 could dissolve only in the amorphous regions. The trend of the estimated crystallinity with CO 2 dissolution into the polymer was consistent with results in the literature.

Yoshiyuki Sato

Papers

Pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) measurements of ionic liquids ([bmim+][PF6−], [bmim+][BF4−], [bmim+][OcSO4−]) and analysis with the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state

Fatty acid production from a highly CO2 tolerant alga, Chlorocuccum littorale, in the presence of inorganic carbon and nitrate.

High-pressure densities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates at temperatures from (313 to 473) K and at pressures up to 200 MPa

Macro and microscopic CH4-CO2 replacement in CH4 hydrate under pressurized CO2

Solubility, swelling degree and crystallinity of carbon dioxide-polypropylene system