There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

An object is to provide a semiconductor device of which a manufacturing process is not complicated and by which cost can be suppressed, by forming a thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor film typified by zinc oxide, and a manufacturing method thereof. For the semiconductor device, a gate electrode is formed over a substrate; a gate insulating film is formed covering the gate electrode; an oxide semiconductor film is formed over the gate insulating film; and a first conductive film and a second conductive film are formed over the oxide semiconductor film. The oxide semiconductor film has at least a crystallized region in a channel region.

Semiconductor device, and manufacturing method thereof

In this paper, the iterative learning control (ILC) literature published between 1998 and 2004 is categorized and discussed, extending the earlier reviews presented by two of the authors. The papers includes a general introduction to ILC and a technical description of the methodology. The selected results are reviewed, and the ILC literature is categorized into subcategories within the broader division of application-focused and theory-focused results.

Iterative Learning Control: Brief Survey and Categorization

Nanotechnology is the science of understanding matter and the control of matter at dimensions of 100 nm or less. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulation of matter at this level of precision. An important aspect of research in nanotechnology involves precision control and manipulation of devices and materials at a nanoscale, i.e., nanopositioning. Nanopositioners are precision mechatronic systems designed to move objects over a small range with a resolution down to a fraction of an atomic diameter. The desired attributes of a nanopositioner are extremely high resolution, accuracy, stability, and fast response. The key to successful nanopositioning is accurate position sensing and feedback control of the motion. This paper presents an overview of nanopositioning technologies and devices emphasizing the key role of advanced control techniques in improving precision, accuracy, and speed of operation of these systems.

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A Survey of Control Issues in Nanopositioning

Adaptive tracking control of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems with input constraints

In a method and an apparatus for forming metal oxide on a substrate, a source gas including metal precursor flows along a surface of the substrate to form a metal precursor layer on the substrate. An oxidizing gas including ozone flows along a surface of the metal precursor layer to oxidize the metal precursor layer so that the metal oxide is formed on the substrate. A radio frequency power is applied to the oxidizing gas flowing along the surface of the metal precursor layer to accelerate a reaction between the metal precursor layer and the oxidizing gas. Acceleration of the oxidation reaction may improve electrical characteristics and uniformity of the metal oxide.

Method of Forming Metal Oxide and Apparatus for Performing the Same

An apparatus and method for fabricating a semiconductor device using a 4-way valve with improved purge efficiency by improving a gas valve system by preventing dead volume from occurring are provided. The apparatus includes a reaction chamber in which a substrate is processed to fabricate a semiconductor device; a first processing gas supply pipe supplying a first processing gas into the reaction chamber; a 4-way valve having a first inlet, a second inlet, a first outlet, and a second outlet and installed at the first processing gas supply pipe such that the first inlet and the first outlet are connected to the first processing gas supply pipe; a second processing gas supply pipe connected to the second inlet of the 4-way valve to supply a second processing gas; a bypass connected to the second outlet of the 4-way valve; and a gate valve installed at the bypass.

Apparatus including 4-way valve for fabricating semiconductor device, method of controlling valve, and method of fabricating semiconductor device using the apparatus

An electronic device and a method for controlling displaying of information in the electronic device are provided. The electronic device includes a first display formed on at least a portion of a body of the electronic device, and a second display formed on at least a portion of a cover functionally connected to the body and including a transparent display area.

Electronic device and method for controlling displays

This paper presents an efficient control strategy to reduce the non-repeatable position error signal (PES) components caused by mechanical vibration in hard disk drives. A peak filter is designed that plugs into a servo loop in parallel with the existing controller. Based on the PES, the filter's center frequency is adaptively searched for in order to identify a dominant spectral peak. An analytical procedure is proposed to design the filter that minimally affects the stability of control systems and the distortion in the error rejection curve. The performance and practicality of the proposed strategy are demonstrated by simulation and experiment.

Adaptive and Optimal Rejection of Non-Repeatable Disturbance in Hard Disk Drives

A novel design strategy is presented for a dual-stage actuator servo system in magnetic disk drives. Based on the existing decoupled-design strategy, we adopt the idea of the well-known zero-phase error tracking controller to minimize destructive effect resulting when two control loops are combined. Since the zero-phase tracking control requires previews of signals in a feedback loop, a kind of estimation scheme is suggested based on the actuators' dynamic model. The best practical advantage is that we achieve systematically a low-order DSA controller capable of high-accuracy track following as well as of high-speed short-span track seek; besides, the existing single-stage controller is fully utilized. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and demonstrated through simulation and experiment.

Young-Hoon Kim

Papers

Method of Forming Metal Oxide and Apparatus for Performing the Same

Apparatus including 4-way valve for fabricating semiconductor device, method of controlling valve, and method of fabricating semiconductor device using the apparatus

Electronic device and method for controlling displays

Adaptive and Optimal Rejection of Non-Repeatable Disturbance in Hard Disk Drives

An approach to dual-stage servo design in computer disk drives