Accident tolerant fuels for LWRs: A perspective

Accident tolerant fuel cladding development: Promise, status, and challenges

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide using an edge-plane pyrolytic-graphite electrode (EPPG), a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and a silver nanoparticle-modified GC electrode is reported. It is shown, in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol L(-1), pH 7.4), that hydrogen peroxide cannot be detected directly on either the EPPG or GC electrodes. However, reduction can be facilitated by modification of the glassy-carbon surface with nanosized silver assemblies. The optimum conditions for modification of the GC electrode with silver nanoparticles were found to be deposition for 1 min at -0.5 V vs. Ag from 5 mmol L(-1) AgNO3/0.1 mol L(-1) TBAP/MeCN, followed by stripping for 2 min at +0.5 V vs. Ag in the same solution. A wave, due to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide on the silver nanoparticles is observed at -0.68 V vs. SCE. The limit of detection for this modified nanosilver electrode was 2.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) for hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer (0.05 mol L(-1), pH 7.4) with a sensitivity which is five times higher than that observed at a silver macro-electrode. Also observed is a shoulder on the voltammetric wave corresponding to the reduction of oxygen, which is produced by silver-catalysed chemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen then oxygen reduction at the surface of the glassy-carbon electrode.

Silver nanoparticle assemblies supported on glassy-carbon electrodes for the electro-analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Development and property evaluation of nuclear grade wrought FeCrAl fuel cladding for light water reactors

During operation, nuclear fuel rods are immersed in the primary water, causing waterside corrosion and consequent hydrogen ingress. In this review, the mechanisms of corrosion and hydrogen pickup and the role of alloy selection in minimizing both phenomena are considered on the basis of two principal characteristics: the pretransition kinetics and the loss of oxide protectiveness at transition. In zirconium alloys, very small changes in composition or microstructure can cause significant corrosion differences so that corrosion performance is strongly alloy dependent. The alloys show different, but reproducible, subparabolic pretransition kinetics and transition thicknesses. A mechanism for oxide growth and breakup based on a detailed study of the oxide structure can explain these results. Through the use of the recently developed coupled current charge compensation model of corrosion kinetics and hydrogen pickup, the subparabolic kinetics and the hydrogen fraction can be rationalized: Hydrogen pickup incr...

Corrosion of Zirconium Alloys Used for Nuclear Fuel Cladding

Uniform corrosion of FeCrAl alloys in LWR coolant environments

The oxide film formed on type 304 stainless steel (SS, UNS S30400) in high-temperature, high-purity water containing oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was analyzed b...

Analysis of Oxide Film Formed on Type 304 Stainless Steel in 288°C Water Containing Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Hydrogen Peroxide

Improving Accident Tolerance of Nuclear Fuel with Coated Mo-alloy Cladding

Characteristics of the oxide film formed on type 316 (UNS S31600) stainless steel (SS) in 288°C water under cyclic normal water chemistry (NWC) and hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) condition...

Young-Jin Kim

Papers

Uniform corrosion of FeCrAl alloys in LWR coolant environments

Analysis of Oxide Film Formed on Type 304 Stainless Steel in 288°C Water Containing Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Hydrogen Peroxide

Improving Accident Tolerance of Nuclear Fuel with Coated Mo-alloy Cladding

Characterization of the Oxide Film Formed on Type 316 Stainless Steel in 288°C Water in Cyclic Normal and Hydrogen Water Chemistries

Hydrothermal corrosion of SiC in LWR coolant environments in the absence of irradiation