The growing popularity of wearable devices is leading to new ways to interact with the environment, with other smart devices, and with other people. Wearables equipped with an array of sensors are able to capture the owner’s physiological and behavioural traits, thus are well suited for biometric authentication to control other devices or access digital services. However, wearable biometrics have substantial differences from traditional biometrics for computer systems, such as fingerprints, eye features, or voice. In this article, we discuss these differences and analyse how researchers are approaching the wearable biometrics field. We review and provide a categorization of wearable sensors useful for capturing biometric signals. We analyse the computational cost of the different signal processing techniques, an important practical factor in constrained devices such as wearables. Finally, we review and classify the most recent proposals in the field of wearable biometrics in terms of the structure of the biometric system proposed, their experimental setup, and their results. We also present a critique of experimental issues such as evaluation and feasibility aspects, and offer some final thoughts on research directions that need attention in future work.

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A Survey of Wearable Biometric Recognition Systems

New methods are proposed for circular traffic sign detection and recognition.Comparable performances are attained with respect to the best performing methods.Compatibility to real-time operation is validated. Automatic traffic sign detection and recognition play crucial roles in several expert systems such as driver assistance and autonomous driving systems. In this work, novel approaches for circular traffic sign detection and recognition on color images are proposed. In traffic sign detection, a new approach, which utilizes a recently developed circle detection algorithm and an RGB-based color thresholding technique, is proposed. In traffic sign recognition, an ensemble of features including histogram of oriented gradients, local binary patterns and Gabor features are employed within a support vector machine classification framework. Performances of the proposed detection and recognition approaches are evaluated on German Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Benchmark datasets, respectively. The results of the experimental work reveal that both approaches offer comparable or even better performances with respect to the best ones reported in the literature and are compatible to real-time operation as well.

On circular traffic sign detection and recognition

Motion recognition is a topic in software engineering and dialect innovation with a goal of interpreting human signals through mathematical algorithm. Hand gesture is a strategy for nonverbal communication for individuals as it expresses more liberally than body parts. Hand gesture acknowledgment has more prominent significance in planning a proficient human computer interaction framework, utilizing signals as a characteristic interface favorable to circumstance of movements. Regardless, the distinguishing proof and acknowledgment of posture, gait, proxemics and human behaviors is furthermore the subject of motion to appreciate human nonverbal communication, thus building a richer bridge between machines and humans than primitive text user interfaces or even graphical user interfaces, which still limits the majority of input to electronics gadget. In this paper, a study on various motion recognition methodologies is given specific accentuation on available motions. A survey on hand posture and gesture is clarified with a detailed comparative analysis of hidden Markov model approach with other classifier techniques. Difficulties and future investigation bearing are also examined.

Hand posture and gesture recognition techniques for virtual reality applications: a survey

Authentication systems using gait captured from inertial sensors have been recently developed to enhance the limitation of existing mechanisms on mobile devices and achieved promising results. However, most these systems employed pattern recognition and machine learning techniques in which biometric templates are stored insecurely, which could leave critical security and user privacy issues. Specifically, a compromise of original gait templates could result in everlasting forfeiture. In this paper, two main results will be presented. Firstly, we propose a novel gait authentication system on mobile devices in which the security and privacy are preserved by employing a fuzzy commitment scheme. Instead of storing original gait templates for user verification like in conventional approaches, we verify the user via a stored key which is biometrically encrypted by gait templates collected from a mobile accelerometer. Secondly, the discriminability of sensor-based gait templates are investigated to determine appropriate parameter values to construct an effective gait-based biometric cryptosystem. The performance of our proposed system is evaluated on the dataset including gait signals of 34 volunteers. We achieved the zeroFAR and the False Rejection Rate of approximately 16.18 % corresponding to the key length, as well as the system security level of 139 bits. The results from our experiment show that accelerometer-based gait could be further investigated to construct a biometric cryptosystem, as effective as other biometric traits such as iris, fingerprint, voice, and signature.

Gait authentication on mobile phone using biometric cryptosystem and fuzzy commitment scheme

The increasing demand for traveler clearance at international border crossing points (BCPs) has motivated research for finding more efficient solutions. Automated border control (ABC) is emerging as a solution to enhance the convenience of travelers, the throughput of BCPs, and national security. This is the first comprehensive survey on the biometric techniques and systems that enable automatic identity verification in ABC. We survey the biometric literature relevant to identity verification and summarize the best practices and biometric techniques applicable to ABC, relying on real experience collected in the field. Furthermore, we select some of the major biometric issues raised and highlight the open research areas.

Biometric Recognition in Automated Border Control: A Survey

We present in this paper a biometric system of face detection and recognition in color images. The face detection technique is based on skin color information and fuzzy classification. A new algorithm is proposed in order to detect automatically face features (eyes, mouth and nose) and extract their correspondent geometrical points. These fiducial points are described by sets of wavelet components which are used for recognition. To achieve the face recognition, we use neural networks and we study its performances for different inputs. We compare the two types of features used for recognition: geometric distances and Gabor coefficients which can be used either independently or jointly. This comparison shows that Gabor coefficients are more powerful than geometric distances. We show with experimental results how the importance recognition ratio makes our system an effective tool for automatic face detection and recognition.

Automatic local Gabor features extraction for face recognition

In this article, we present an automatic face recognition system. We show that fractal features obtained from Iterated Function System allow a successful face recognition and outperform the classical approaches. We propose a new fractal feature extraction algorithm based on genetic algorithms to speed up the feature extraction step. In order to capture the more important information that is contained in a face with a few fractal features, we use a bi-dimensional principal component analysis. We have shown with experimental results using two databases as to how the optimal recognition ratio and the recognition time make our system an effective tool for automatic face recognition.

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2DPCA fractal features and genetic algorithm for efficient face representation and recognition

We present in this paper a new approach for hand gesture analysis that allows digit recognition. The analysis is based on extracting a set of features from a hand image and then combining them by using an induction graph. The most important features we extract from each image are the fingers locations, their heights and the distance between each pair of fingers. Our approach consists of three steps: (i) Hand detection and localization, (ii) fingers extraction and (iii) features identification and combination to digit recognition. Each input image is assumed to contain only one person, thus we apply a fuzzy classifier to identify the skin pixels. In the finger extraction step, we attempt to remove all the hand components except the fingers, this process is based on the hand anatomy properties. The final step consists on representing histogram of the detected fingers in order to extract features that will be used for digit recognition. The approach is invariant to scale, rotation and translation of the hand. Some experiments have been undertaken to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A new approach for digit recognition based on hand gesture analysis

In this paper, we propose an efficient trajectories analysis solution for the recognition of Isolated Word Sign Language (IWSL). The key technique innovation in this work is the shape trajectories analysis based on the deep learning method and achieved impressive results on different IWSL data sets: German: Rheinisch Westfälische Technische Hochschule(RWTH): RWTH-Boston-50 and RWTH-Boston-104(95.83%), Signer-Independent Continuous Sign Language Recognition for Large Vocabulary Using Subunit Models (SIGNUM: 98.21%) and new Tunisian Sign Language database (TunSigns: 98%).

Yousra Ben Jemaa

Papers

Automatic local Gabor features extraction for face recognition

2DPCA fractal features and genetic algorithm for efficient face representation and recognition

A new approach for digit recognition based on hand gesture analysis

Deep Learning Shape Trajectories for Isolated Word Sign Language Recognition

Shape Trajectory Analysis Based on HOG Descriptor for Isolated Word Sign Language Recognition