This paper describes and classifies stress measurement techniques used in metal forming to provide research workers with a critical evaluation of usable methods. Eight techniques are considered; pressure transmitting pins, photoelasticity, ridged metallic sheets, paper sheets, split tools, strain gauged tools, orifices in tools and visioplasticity. In addition to these, some new transducer designs using optics and conical pins are presented. These are particularly useful for pressure measurement in hot forming operations.

Surface stress measurement techniques in metal forming

The Simon project

Yu.S. Safarov

Papers

A photoelastic investigation of contact stresses in the backward extrusion process

Photoelastic investigations on initial plastic straining