On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160)  Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

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The Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

Gravitational Field of a Spinning Mass as an Example of Algebraically Special Metrics

http://cds.cern.ch/record/503806/files/0106045.pdf

New developments in the Casimir effect

The present invention provides a method for producing a nanoporous carbide-derived carbon composition with a tunable pore structure and a narrow pore size. Also provided are compositions prepared by the method.

/pdf/nanoporous-carbide-derived-carbon-with-tunable-pore-size-2x9ndkvvna.pdf

Nanoporous carbide derived carbon with tunable pore size

▪ Abstract We review recent experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law and the wide variety of theoretical considerations that suggest the law may break down in experimentally accessible regions.

Tests of the gravitational inverse-square law

Mathematical methods are developed for solving the statics equations of a non-linear model of deforming a crystalline medium with a complex lattice that allows martensitic transformations. In the nonlinear theory, the deformation describes the vector of the acoustic mode U(t, x, y, z) and the vector of the optical mode u(t, x, y, z). They are found from a system of six related nonlinear equations. The vector of the acoustic mode U(t, x, y, z) is sought in the Papkovich–Neuberform. A system of six related nonlinear equations is transformed into a system of individual equations. The equations of the optical mode u(t, x, y, z) are reduced to one sine-Gordon equation with a variable coefficient (amplitude) in front of the sine and two Poisson equations. The definition of the acoustic mode is reduced to solving the scalar and vector Poisson equations. For a constant-amplitude optical mode, particular solutions were found. In the case of plane deformation, a class of doubly-periodic solutions is constructed, which are expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. The analysis of the solutions found is conducted. It is shown that the nonlinear theory describes the fragmentation of the crystalline medium, the formation of boundaries between fragments, phase transformations, the formation of defects and other deformation features that are realized in the field of high external force effects and which are not described by classical continuum mechanics.

Nonlinear Deformation Model of Crystal Media Allowing Martensite Transformations: Solution of Static Equations

The model of creation of observable particles and particles of the dark matter, considered to be superheavy particles, due to particle creation by the gravitational field of the Friedmann model of the early Universe is given. Estimates on the parameters of the model leading to observable values of the baryon number of the Universe and the dark matter density are made.

Superheavy Particles in Friedmann Cosmology and the Dark Matter Problem

Two particle collisions close to the horizon of the rotating nonextremal black hole are analyzed. It is shown that high energy of the order of the Grand Unification scale in the centre of mass of colliding particles can be obtained when there is a multiple collision – the particle from the accretion disc gets the critical momentum in first collision with the other particle close to the horizon and then there is a second collision of the critical particle with the ordinary one. High energy occurs due to a great relative velocity of two particles and a large Lorentz factor. The dependence of the relative velocity on the distance to horizon is analyzed, the time of movement from the point in the accretion disc to the point of scattering with large energy as well as the time of back movement to the Earth are calculated. It is shown that they have reasonable order.

https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S2010194511001449

High energy processes in the vicinity of the kerr's black hole horizon

The problem of particle creation in cosmology concerning whether the results for the number of particles are infinite or finite is discussed for scalar and spinor particles in Friedmann expanding U...

Fifty years of the calculation of the density of particles created in the early Friedmann Universe

Scattering of particles in the gravitational field of rotating black holes is considered It is shown that scattering energy of particles in the centre of mass system can obtain very large values not only for extremal black holes but also for nonextremal ones Extraction of energy after the collision is investigated It is shown that due to the Penrose process the energy of the particle escaping the hole at infinity can be large Contradictions in the problem of getting high energetic particles escaping the black hole are resolved

Yu. V. Pavlov

Papers

Nonlinear Deformation Model of Crystal Media Allowing Martensite Transformations: Solution of Static Equations

Superheavy Particles in Friedmann Cosmology and the Dark Matter Problem

High energy processes in the vicinity of the kerr's black hole horizon

Fifty years of the calculation of the density of particles created in the early Friedmann Universe

On the collisions between particles in the vicinity of rotating black holes