High step-up DC-DC converter (HSDDC) topologies are getting more attention in hybridisation of energy sources especially for renewable energy integration. In the last decade, several high gain converters have been proposed; however, application-oriented development, and its thermal modelling and comparative analysis associated with it, has been unnoticed. Thus, intensive investigation in terms of thermal performance attributes is crucial for the selection of application oriented HSDDC topologies. A detailed analytical thermal model of the recently reported HSDDC is presented in this article. In addition, detailed comparison of performance are carried out based on different parameters. The thermal models of HSDDC are built in PLECS simulation environment to ensure the appropriate selection device to handle the normal and abnormal situations in the topology. Finally, peak thermal stress on semiconductors is measured and presented to validate the efficacy of each converters. 

Thermal Modeling and Reliability Analysis of Recently Introduced High Gain Converters for PV Application

Power management in the hybrid energy system is significantly reliant on power electronics infrastructure (PEI), which is generally used to diversify energy in between dissimilar multiple micro sources of energy with distinct V-I characteristics. The diverted energy sources are effectively employed with a suitable topology of PEI. This work described a new reconfigurable topology of a non-isolated multiple-port DC-DC converter for solar photovoltaic (SPV) applications. A single inductor is employed for energy diversification from multiple energy sources. The proposed converter has the ability to operate in all three operational modes, i.e., boost, buck-boost, and buck mode. The proposed converter has the capability to reconfigure the connection of input sources from parallel to series or vice-versa configuration. All the input sources used are of different levels to operate the converter at imitated mismatched voltage conditions and partial shading conditions, which is a dominant problem observed while integrating distinct SPV modules. As the description of converter functions, operation at different states is presented. The converter is operated in open loop configuration to ensure converter capability under SPV applications. The superiority of the converter under steady-state conditions is analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink.

A Reconfigurable, Single Inductor based Non-Isolated Multiple Port DC/DC Converter Topology for SPV Applications

The high gain DC-DC converters (HGDDC) are the primary interfacing converters for renewable sources such as solar PV (SPV), fuel cells, etc. The reliable design of HGDDC is not only depend on efficiency, voltage gain, and device count but on thermal analysis too. The HGDDC reported in literature mostly ignore the thermal stress on their power semiconductors, however; the size, weight, and cost of converters are determined by thermal stress and its efficient management. This article presents a systematic approach to evaluating thermal modeling of recently reported high step-up converters in the literature. The derived thermal model is also essential for an appropriate selection of heatsinks required for the effective design of a converter. The modeling, simulation, and thermal analysis are carried out in the PLECS® Simulink environment. The results obtained from the simulation indicate the effectiveness of the PLECS® and which will be further utilized to select, and design heatsinks for converters.

Performance Comparison and Thermal Analysis of Recently Introduced High Gain Converters

The high gain DC-DC converters (HGDDC) are the primary interfacing converters for renewable sources such as solar PV (SPV), fuel cells, etc. The reliable design of HGDDC is not only depend on efficiency, voltage gain, and device count but on thermal analysis too. The HGDDC reported in literature mostly ignore the thermal stress on their power semiconductors, however; the size, weight, and cost of converters are determined by thermal stress and its efficient management. This article presents a systematic approach to evaluating thermal modeling of recently reported high step-up converters in the literature. The derived thermal model is also essential for an appropriate selection of heatsinks required for the effective design of a converter. The modeling, simulation, and thermal analysis are carried out in the PLECS® Simulink environment. The results obtained from the simulation indicate the effectiveness of the PLECS® and which will be further utilized to select, and design heatsinks for converters. 

Shipboard microgrids (SBMGs) are becoming increasingly popular in the power industry due to their potential for reducing fossil-fuel usage and increasing power production. However, operating SBMGs poses significant challenges due to operational and environmental constraints. To address these challenges, intelligent control, management, and protection strategies are necessary to ensure safe operation under complex and uncertain conditions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of SBMGs, including their classifications, control, management, and protection, as well as the most recent research statistics in these areas. The state-of-the-art SBMG types, propulsion systems, and power system architectures are discussed, along with a comparison of recent research contributions and issues related to control, uncertainties, management, and protection in SBMGs. In addition, a bibliometric analysis is performed to examine recent trends in SBMG research. This paper concludes with a discussion of research gaps and recommendations for further investigation in the field of SBMGs, highlighting the need for more research on the optimization of SBMGs in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, as well as the development of advanced control and protection strategies to ensure safe and stable operation.

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State-of-the-Art Review on Shipboard Microgrids: Architecture, Control, Management, Protection, and Future Perspectives

This work proposes a modified high gain DC‐DC converter integrated with two boost converter stages, based on a boost cell and a Z‐source (ZS) cell with a switched capacitor (SC). The proposed converter architecture is simple, with a continuous input current and a wide range of input voltage fluctuation handling capabilities. It also provides a high voltage gain while minimizing voltage stress on semiconductor components. Because of the aforementioned characteristics, the proposed converter is suitable for combining with low‐voltage DC‐sources to high‐voltage DC bus in a variety of applications such as solar photovoltaic (SPV), fuel‐cell, and LED lighting. The operational principles, thermal modeling, steady‐state, and dynamic performance analysis are meticulously carried out on a 400 W laboratory prototype of the proposed converter. The converter's performance is carefully compared with similar existing topologies in terms of total device count and size, the voltage stress on power semiconductors, voltage gain, and peak efficiency. Furthermore, experimental findings show that a 12 V input is boosted to 98.8 V at a duty ratio of 0.3, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed converter over a comparable structure.

A modified Z‐source switched‐capacitor based non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic applications

The power crises in remote locations can be overcome by the deployment of DC microgrid (DcMG) that optimizes the efficiency of locally generated solar power while offering more reliable, safe, cost-effective architecture compare with AC microgrid (AcMG) as conventional power generation cannot meet the demand There is a huge scope of rural implementation of DcMG in the Indian context due to high cost associated with grid expansion in these regions An overview of different architecture, control, and potential of DcMG is addressed in this paper Finally, it highlights the state of art architectures, control schemes, and recent trends in DcMG research

An Architectural and Control Overview of DC-Microgrid for Sustainable Remote Electrification

The global power crisis needs great attention and quick adoption of an efficient green energy system. Considering the advantages of solar photovoltaic (SPV), it could be the better choice among other green energy solutions. SPV needs a high gain interfacing converter to stabilize output caused due to weather intermittency. The conventional methods are failed to provide high gain at a lower duty ratio. Considering the conduction losses and voltage stresses in the semiconductor devices, high step-up DC-DC converters are widely adopted in many power conversion applications. The high step-up converters are essentially required for SPV applications, where output is intermittent in nature. The new voltage boost techniques are discussed in the literature are reviewed thoroughly. Comprehensive comparison among discussed topologies has been covered. In addition, key merits and limitations of these boosting techniques are also highlighted. This paper highlights the available and ongoing trends in non-isolated high step-up DC-DC converter topologies, which may give a new direction to researchers. The analysis and performance are validated through digital simulation in MATLAB/ Simulink environment.

An Overview of Recently Introduced Non-isolated High Step-up DC-DC Converters

E-mobility is the future of transportation industry. There will be huge requirement to develop the charging infrastructure to support the acceptance of electric vehicle (EV). This paper presents a dc charging system, through the use of grid tied active neutral point clamped (ANPC) converter. The presented bipolar dc bus configuration has number of merits. The grid tied ANPC converter offers first stage of conversion i.e., ac/dc and the phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) converter provides the second stage of conversion i.e., output dc to regulated dc voltage for the charging ports. The front-end converter is responsible to maintain source voltage and current in phase and low total harmonics distortion (THD) at the grid side. The presented converter is capable of providing high power and electrical isolation to the connected load. The presented charging system has been validated and simulated in MATLAB.

Yugal Kishor

Papers

A modified Z‐source switched‐capacitor based non‐isolated high gain DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic applications

Thermal Modeling and Reliability Analysis of Recently Introduced High Gain Converters for PV Application

An Architectural and Control Overview of DC-Microgrid for Sustainable Remote Electrification

An Overview of Recently Introduced Non-isolated High Step-up DC-DC Converters

Electric Vehicle Charging Station Using ANPC Converter With Bipolar DC Bus