A further increase in the efficiency of agricultural production in recent years and in future, according to experts, is constrained and will be aggravated by unfavorable natural and climatic collisions associated to a greater extent with the objectively developing atmospheric warming due to an increase in solar radiation, air temperature from overheating of soils in summer period, unproductive moisture loss and a decrease in precipitation during the growing season of plant development. The article presents the research of the Samara State Agrarian University to improve a wide range of constituent elements and technologies in general for the cultivation of agricultural crops that reduce the negative impact of weather conditions in “risky” farming.

Modern Technology for Cultivation of Agricultural Crops in Zones of “Risk Farming” with Conservation and Accumulation of Atmospheric Moisture

The software complex “Auto-Elevator” aimed at automating the unloading and loading of grain at the elevator is considered. The software package is written in C# and allows solving two problems: automatic detection of a free port for unloading grain and the use of an autopilot to supply a vehicle to a loading or unloading terminal. To determine the boundaries of the parking space or to determine a free port for unloading grain, image recognition using neural networks consisting of basic blocks is used. The basic blocks are assembled in the same way as the constructor, by adding layer by layer. The main blocks of convolutional neural networks are convolutional layers, subsampling (pooling) layers, activation layers, and fully connected layers. A convolutional layer extracts features in the input image and generates a feature map.

Use of Neural Networks and Autopilot for Quick and Accurate Grain Discharge on the Elevator

The article proposes a method for calculating the traction resistance of a universal combined working body, consisting of a rack with a chisel, loosening and flat-cutting paws. The paws can have both a straight profile and a curved profile in various combinations.

/pdf/determination-of-the-traction-resistance-of-the-combined-44djrdqc5r.pdf

Determination of the traction resistance of the combined working body for moldboard-free tillage

This article explores the possibility and effectiveness of using chicken manure as an organic fertilizer “Soil Improver (UP-1)”, obtained by using the drug “Mephosphon” for growing crops and producing organic products. Under laboratory conditions, experiments on the fermentation of manure were carried out, measurements of the ammonium ion were carried out, and the levels of toxicity of extracts from chicken manure were studied using test objects Ceriodaphnia affinis and Paramecium caudatum, followed by determining the hazard class of chicken manure. Field tests were carried out on soddy-podzolic medium loamy soils of the Pestrechinsky district near the village. Khodyashevo. The total sowing area was 72 ha (1 ha - background, 19 ha - control, 52 ha - experimental field). The background field was without chicken manure, the control field was composted chicken manure, and the experimental field was with UP-1 fertilizer. 130 tons of chicken manure were applied per 1 ha. Organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” was obtained from poultry wastes of OJSC “Agrofirm “Ak Bars – Pestretsy” branch of poultry farm of Pestrechinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Biometric analysis of the growth and development of winter wheat was carried out from April 29 to June 1, 2021. The stem height of plants in the experimental variant is 14% higher than in the background, and 6.8 - 8.9% higher than in the control variant. According to the average weight of the raw and dry stem, the experimental group has the advantage, while surpassing the control in all periods of the growing season by 0.1-2.9 pieces. and 0.1-1.4 pcs. The obtained experimental data show that the use of organic compost “Soil Improver (UP-1)” as a fertilizer in the cultivation of winter wheat provides a higher yield compared to the background by 56.6%, and compared to the control by 55.5% . At the same time, 146.64 tons of organic winter wheat were obtained 

Use of chicken manure fertilizer for growing organic products

The efficiency of grain crops production largely depends on the technical and technological level of agricultural machinery used by enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, among which seeders are among the most demanded and structurally complex. Grain seeders are available in two basic configurations—monoblock (classic seeders) and single-unit seeders, which are now commonly called seeding complexes. The machines of these two groups differ significantly from each other not only structurally, but also in terms of operation and functional indicators. Therefore, in terms of optimizing the design, production and operation of seeders, it is important to have an objective comparative assessment of their technical characteristics and performance indicators. The study was carried out by statistical processing and analysis of data from 70 test reports of seeders that passed certification at mechanical test stations of the Russian Federation in the 21st centure, the analysis of which showed that, in terms of agrotechnical and operational indicators, the seeding complexes are somewhat inferior to “classic” grain seeders, but at the same time they allow the implementation of rowless method of sowing grain on an unprepared stubble background, which are the most promising from the point of view of modern production experience.

Evaluation of Technical Characteristics and Agrotechnical Performance Indicators of Seeders of Various Assembling

/pdf/energy-saving-tillage-with-a-combined-unit-with-universal-2udi9s3fz5.pdf

Energy-saving tillage with a combined unit with universal working bodies

For sowing seeds of agricultural crops, the industry produces seeding devices of various modifications, these include seeding devices of pneumatic seeders, operating both on excess air pressure and on vacuum. The design we have developed belongs to the second group. The purpose of current work is to create a pneumatic sowing device operating in a vacuum, capable of sowing seeds of row crops and forage crops in a combined and nesting way in compliance with established seeding patterns and rates.

/pdf/innovative-pneumatic-device-for-combined-seeding-of-various-2de0u1wqr2.pdf

Innovative pneumatic device for combined seeding of various tilled crops

The main scientific and technical achiev ements and research results for 2021 of scientific institutions of agro-engineering profile of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, which are under the scientific and methodological guidance of the Department of Agricultural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in the section of mechanization, electrification and automation in the field of development of new machine technologies, energy-packed agricultural machinery, mobile energy and robotic technical means, digital systems for the production of the main types of competitive agricultural products, the development of efficient energy supply systems using artificial intelligence, renewable energy and modern technical service in the agribusiness.

The Results of Scientific Research of Agro-engineering Scientific Organizations on the Development of Digital Systems in Agriculture

This article discusses a new method for the reclamation of organic waste into biogas with the addition of the biologically active additive Mephosphon to the substrate to accelerate the process of obtaining biogas (decomposition) and preserving nutrient elements in the final product. The study object was cow manure from a private farm household. The experiments were carried out for 10 days in a lowvolume biogas unit (LVBU) without airtight in a heat-insulated reactor filled with 2/3 cow manure. The use of the Mephosphon drug in ultra-low concentrations (10-4 ) allowed us to obtain a useful product in the form of high-quality organic fertilizer and biogas.

/pdf/the-use-of-the-mephosphon-drug-to-accelerate-the-process-of-2p4fbxvzc6.pdf

The use of the Mephosphon drug to accelerate the process of biogas output and ripening of organic wastes

The results of experiments on irradiation of pine and spruce seeds with different doses of ultraviolet radiation are presented. Dose adjustment was performed by an automated system with a VEML6070 digital sensor from Vishay Semiconductors. The sensor (photodiode, amplifiers, analog, digital elements) registers the spectrum of UV radiation in the wavelength range of 300-380 nm. Experiments have shown that UV irradiation with a duration of 10 minutes turned out to be the most effective for soil germination in the preparation of pine and spruce seeds for sowing.

Yuri Shogenov

Papers

Energy-saving tillage with a combined unit with universal working bodies

Innovative pneumatic device for combined seeding of various tilled crops

The Results of Scientific Research of Agro-engineering Scientific Organizations on the Development of Digital Systems in Agriculture

The use of the Mephosphon drug to accelerate the process of biogas output and ripening of organic wastes

The Use of Digital Technologies for the Effective Management of Electrotechnological Irradiators