The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of different concentrations of the herbal complex of 4 plants (leaves of Azadirachta indica and Nicotiana tabacum, flowers of Calotropis procera and seeds of Trachyspermum ammi) in broiler chickens in comparison with amprolium anticoccidial. Three concentrations (2 g, 4 g and 6 g) of herbal complex were given to the experimental groups once a day and amprolium (at the dose rate of 125 ppm) was given orally in drinking water from the 14th to the 21st days of age. One group was kept as infected, non-medicated control and one as non-infected, non-medicated control. All groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts on the 14th day of age except the non-infected, non-medicated control. Among herbal complex medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 6 g herbal complex followed by 4 g and 2 g herbal complex medicated groups. Treatment with 6 g of the herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria tenella challenge at a level that was comparable with amprolium when using a largely susceptible recent field isolate. In summary, concentration-dependent anticoccidial activity of the studied herbal complex suggests its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S003118201100182X

Anticoccidial activity of herbal complex in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella.

Parallels between zootherapeutic practices in ethnoveterinary and human complementary medicine in northeastern Brazil

In the present study, the in vogue ethnoveterinary practices in the Mansehra District of Pakistan were documented. Results revealed that 35 plant species representing 25 families were used in the area to treat the ailing animals. Most frequently used plants were from the families Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Compositae, Pinaceae, Poaceae and Verbenaceae families. Other commonly used ingredients of ethnoveterinary prescriptions were; used engine oil, butter, mineral salt, lasi, kafor, yogurt, milk and buffalo’s urine. The most frequent ethnoveterinary practices were recorded for the treatment of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, tick and lice infestation, myiasis, mange and pneumonia. © 2010 Friends Science Publishers

Documentation of ethnoveterinary practices used for treatment of different ailments in a selected hilly area of Pakistan.

Nu people are the least populous ethnic group in Yunnan Province of China and most are distributed in Gongshan County, NW Yunnan. Animal production plays an important role in Nu livelihoods and the Nu people have abundant traditional knowledge of animal management and ethnoveterinary practices. This study documents the animal diseases, ethnoveterinary plant remedies and related traditional knowledge in three Nu villages of Gongshan County. This study was carried out in three Nu villages of Gongshan County between July 2009 and February 2010. Data was obtained through the use of semi-structured questionnaires, field observation and PRA tools. A total of 60 Nu respondents (34 men and 26 women) provided information on animal ailments and ethnoveterinary plant medicines used for Nu livestock production. Information on traditional ethnoveterinary medicine knowledge and choice of treatment providers was also obtained. Thirty-five animal conditions were identified in the surveyed area. The major and most common animal diseases among livestock were skin conditions, diarrhea, heat, fevers, colds, and parasites. Most ailments occurred between June and August. The ethnoveterinary medicinal use of 45 plant species was documented. Most medicinal species (86.7%) were collected from the wild. The most frequently used plant parts were whole plants (35.6%), followed by roots (22.2%). The most important medicinal plant species were Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipech. (UV = 0.67), Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don (UV = 0.67), Plantago depressa Willd. (UV = 0.63), Rubus corchorifolius L. f. (UV = 0.62), Bupleurum yunnanense Franch. (UV = 0.60), and Polygonum paleaceum Wall. (UV = 0.60). Animal diseases treated with the highest number of ethnoveterinary plant remedies were diarrhea (16 plant species), heat, fever, colds (11 plant species), retained afterbirth (11 plant species), and skin conditions and sores (11 plant species). Many Nu villagers (52%) considered traditional remedies their first choice of animal disease treatment. Traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge was related to the local social-cultural characteristics of Nu people and communities. Animal production plays an important role in Nu culture and livelihoods, and the Nu ethnic group has abundant traditional knowledge about animal production and ethnoveterinary plant remedies. This traditional knowledge faces the risk of disappearing due to increasing modern veterinary medicine extension, livelihood changes and environment degradation. Animal diseases are a major constraint in livestock production in Nu villages. Thus, some strategies and measures should be adopted in the future, such as further researches on Nu culture and livelihoods, community-based validation of ethnoveterinary medicine and broad network building and knowledge sharing.

/pdf/ethnoveterinary-plant-remedies-used-by-nu-people-in-nw-3d7i8nlhdz.pdf

Ethnoveterinary plant remedies used by Nu people in NW Yunnan of China

Article history: Activity Flavonoids Callistemon Steroid Triterpenoid Objective: The large flowering plant genus Callistemon is belongs to family Myrtaceae and reported for its medical importance. Various parts of different species exhibit different medicinal importance and yet to be phytochemically investigated. In the different time various scientist have investigated the genus and reported the chemical constituents. A survey of literature on genus Callistemon reported the isolation of triterpenoids and steroids from leaves, seeds and stem bark of different species.

A Review on biological and phytochemical investigation of plant genus Callistimon

Livestock raisers and healers everywhere have traditional ways of classifying, diagnosing, preventing and treating common animal diseases. Many of these "ethnoveterinary" practices offer viable alternatives or complement to conventional, westernstyle veterinary medicine - especially where the latter is unavailable or inappropriate. The use of medicinal plants constitutes major part of ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM). The climatic conditions and geographic location of Pakistan provides conducive conditions for the growth and propagation of widely diverse species of medicinal plants. The inventory of flora of Pakistan indicates richness of this part of the world in medicinal plants in mountainous as well as plain regions. These plants are used both in animal and human healthcare. In contrast to the other countries, efforts have not been made to compile the databases of medicinal plants used in veterinary medicine. This paper overviews the prospects of medicinal plants used in EVM as a tool for poverty reduction through increasing productivity of small ruminants by using locally available economical remedies. Use of medicinal plants as an anthelmintic (de-wormer) has been given as an example. The limitations and strengths of EVM have been discussed.

Z Iqbal

Papers

Review Possible Role of Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Poverty Reduction in Pakistan: Use of Botanical Anthelmintics as an Example