So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Human biochemical genetics

Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybeans (Glycine max. L.) [Egypt].

In this project, we studied the thermal and chemical method for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs)/Hematite (α-Fe2O3) quantum dots and the preparation of hydroxypropyl cellulose cross-linked chitosan (HPCCS) and ulvan (UN) was performed by chemical method. Carbon dots/α-Fe2O3 quantum dots with size distribution of 3–5 nm were completely encapsulated in the HPCCS/UN NPs to obtain composites, which indicated unique characteristics with respect to antimicrobial, pH-responsive and optical properties. The CDs-HQDs/HPCCS/UN nanocomposites exhibited a single-excitation (440 nm), dual-emission fluorescence property (505 nm and 628 nm for green and red light from CDs-HQDs and HPCCS/UN NPs). The nanocomposites played as a pH-responsive drug delivery process to release ulvan at a fast rate in pH 7.4 buffer solution but at a slow rate in low pH solutions. The CDs-HQDs/HPCCS/UN nanocomposites gained the highest photocatalytic activity for degrading 4-chlorophenol (4-CPh) as a pollutant (>98% during 70 min under sunlight irradiation). Moreover, the nanocomposites indicated great inhibitory influences towards bacterial and fungal.

Preparation of carbon dots-hematite quantum dots-loaded hydroxypropyl cellulose-chitosan nanocomposites for drug delivery, sunlight catalytic and antimicrobial application

Co-doping silver and iron on graphitic carbon nitride-carrageenan nanocomposite for the photocatalytic process, rapidly colorimetric detection and antibacterial properties

Quick and sensitive colorimetric detection of amino acid with functionalized-silver/copper nanoparticles in the presence of cross linker, and bacteria detection by using DNA-template nanoparticles as peroxidase activity

The presence of solutes in water and soil resources is one of the main environmental problems of many societies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the removal of sodium onto the wheat straw and rice husk wastes nanostructured sorbents. This study was conducted in a batch experiment scale with changes in effective factors such as pH (4.3, 5, 6, 7, and 8), contact time (10, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes), sorbent dosage (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 1.3, and 1.6 g), and the initial concentration (5, 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/L) of sodium metal solution were investigated. Sodium adsorption kinetics on the prepared sorbent were examined based on isotherms of absorption equations. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the sorbent studied increases the increasing in pH from 3 to 5, but that the metal ion deposited at a pH greater than 5. Increasing the contact time increases the adsorptive efficiency. In addition, efficiency first increased and then, decreased by increasing the amount of nanometer sorbent. Increasing the initial concentration of sodium from 5 to 120 mg/L for the wheat straw and rice husk wastes sorbents cause decreasing the adsorption efficiency from 85.49 to 68.07% and 89.43 to 68.2% due to lack of sufficient adsorbent higher sodium ion content. Consequently, the adsorption capacity increased from 0.34 to 9.43 mg and 0.36 to 9.43 mg.

/pdf/kinetic-and-equilibrium-studies-of-adsorptive-removal-of-4xbb084b3z.pdf

Kinetic and equilibrium studies of adsorptive removal of sodium-ion onto wheat straw and rice husk wastes

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that causes great damage to crops and orchards in the world, especially in Iran, which is considered as an arid and semi-arid country. Due to water limitation and low rainfall, 50% of the area under cultivation of crops is dedicated to rainfed agriculture. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseeds in temperate regions and has a relatively wide range of climatic adaptations. Rapeseed oil has high nutritional quality because it contains unsaturated fatty acids and no cholesterol. Due to the high consumption and import of edible oil in Iran and most of the agricultural lands of Iran are cultivated in the dry season, the production of drought-tolerant cultivars of rapeseed is important. In order to evaluate some agro-physiological traits for identification of drought tolerance in rapeseed, fourteen different rapeseeds genotypes differing in yield performances were evaluated using an RCBD design with three replications under two different environments (irrigated and rain-fed). Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Proline amino acid Concentration (PC), Cell Membrane Stability (CMS), Relative Water Content (RWC), Excised Leaf Water Retention (ELWR), Relative Water Loss (RWL), Relative Water Deficit (RWD) and SPAD were determined in order to find out whether these physiological traits could be used as the indicators of drought tolerance. The result of combine analysis of variance exhibited highly significant difference among years, genotypes and significant differences between genotypes × years interaction for most of the traits. Correlation analysis indicated a positive and strong association between STI, grain yield and oil yield in both conditions. Also, a highly significant correlation was observed between RWC and RWD.

/pdf/study-of-relationship-between-some-agro-physiological-traits-33esiyupav.pdf

Study of relationship between some agro-physiological traits with drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes

The present study was carried out to estimate genetic variability parameters for some traits such as pods per plant, cell membrane stability, one thousand kernel weight, flowering period, grain filling period, chlorophyll content, relative water content, leaf excised water content, seed per pod and pod length, in 16 winter rapeseed genotypes. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the tested genotypes. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variations were high for yield, pods per plant and cell membrane stability. Heritability estimates were high for pods per plant, cell membrane stability, one thousand kernel weight and flowering period. A high genetic gain was observed for pods per plant and cell membrane stability. Correlation analysis showed a significant and negative relationship between the flowering and grain filling period (-0.883) and between cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content (SPAD) (-0.587). A positive and significant correlation was found between the grain yield and relative water content (0.603).

https://ijgpb.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_128_bb6d65c307a0f33c2f058e432db7abbf.pdf

Heritability and genetic advance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Evaluation of drought tolerance of rapeseed (brassica napus l.) genotypes in laboratory and field conditions

Camelina is low input and re-emergent medicinal and oilseed crop that it needs a lot of research to make the most of its genetic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the water deficit tolerance of six genotypes (Soheil cultivar and DH083, DH095, DH111, DH116, and DH133 doubled haploid lines)of camelina for some traits in the greenhouse and laboratory conditions. In the greenhouse condition, the response of camelina genotypes to irrigating regime (once every 4, 7 and 10 days) was investigated for some agro-morphological traits. This experiment was done in a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance showed that the studied genotypes, as well as drought stress levels, were significantly different in terms of plant height, root length, root weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Mean comparison results also showed that the Soheil cultivar had the highest grain yield (3.03 g/m2). At the laboratory section and the cotyledon culture and callus induction experiment, six lines were evaluated by four levels of PEG 6000 (0, 10, 20 and 30%) for water-deficit stress in a randomized completely design. The callus growth rate, relative callus growth rate and relative callus water content under stress conditions were also studied. There was a significant difference between studied genotypes in studied traits under stress conditions and between different stress levels. In this section, the Soheil cultivar was identified as high tolerant cultivar among other genotypes due to its relative water content (8.3%) and higher callus growth rate (4.2%). So the cultivar Soheil is considered as the least susceptible to dehydration in terms of greenhouse studies and callus induction.

https://jmpb.areeo.ac.ir/article_122412_31357cad30e3d635add46824d01f71cc.pdf

Zeinab Chaghakaboodi

Papers

Kinetic and equilibrium studies of adsorptive removal of sodium-ion onto wheat straw and rice husk wastes

Study of relationship between some agro-physiological traits with drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes

Heritability and genetic advance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Evaluation of drought tolerance of rapeseed (brassica napus l.) genotypes in laboratory and field conditions

Evaluation of Camelina sativa Doubled Haploid Lines for the Response to Water-deficit Stress