다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Dietary phenolic compounds are often transformed before absorption. This transformation modulates their biological activity. Different studies have been carried out to understand gut microbiota transformations of particular polyphenol types and identify the responsible microorganisms. Although there are potentially thousands of different phenolic compounds in the diet, they are typically transformed to a much smaller number of metabolites. The aim of this review was to discuss the current information about the microbial degradation metabolites obtained from different phenolics and their formation pathways, identifying their differences and similarities. The modulation of gut microbial population by phenolics was also reviewed in order to understand the two-way phenolic-microbiota interaction. Clostridium and Eubacterium genera, which are phylogenetically associated, are other common elements involved in the metabolism of many phenolics. The health benefits from phenolic consumption should be attributed to their bioactive metabolites and also to the modulation of the intestinal bacterial population.

http://lib3.dss.go.th/fulltext/E_content/0021-8561/2009v57n15.pdf

Interaction between Phenolics and Gut Microbiota: Role in Human Health

Update on Survival in Osteosarcoma

Improvement of quality of life and survival of cancer patients will be greatly enhanced by the development of highly effective drugs to selectively kill malignant cells. Artemisinin and its analogs are naturally occurring antimalarials which have shown potent anticancer activity. In primary cancer cultures and cell lines, their antitumor actions were by inhibiting cancer proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In xenograft models, exposure to artemisinins substantially reduces tumor volume and progression. However, the rationale for the use of artemisinins in anticancer therapy must be addressed by a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in their cytotoxic effects. The primary targets for artemisinin and the chemical base for its preferential effects on heterologous tumor cells need yet to be elucidated. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent advances and new development of this class of drugs as potential anticancer agents.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2012/247597.pdf

Antitumor Activity of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: From a Well-Known Antimalarial Agent to a Potential Anticancer Drug

B139 Oct-4 transcription factors play an important role in maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells and may prevent expression of genes activated during differentiation. Human Oct-4 isoform mRNAs encode proteins that have identical POU DNA binding domains and C-terminal domains, but differ in their amino-terminal domains. We report here the cloning and characterization of the human Oct-4B isoform. Human Oct-4B cDNA encodes a 265-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 30 kDa. ES cell-based complementation assays using ZHBTc4 ES cells showed that unlike human Oct-4A, Oct-4B cannot sustain ES cell self-renewal. In addition, Oct-4B does not bind to a probe carrying the Oct-4 consensus binding sequence and we demonstrate that two separate regions of its amino terminal domain are responsible for inhibiting DNA binding. We also demonstrate that Oct-4B is mainly localized to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of Oct-4B did not activate transcription from Oct-4-dependent promoters, whereas Oct-4A did as previously reported. Furthermore, transcriptional activation by human Oct-4A was not inhibited by co-expression of Oct-4B. Taken together, these data suggest that the DNA binding, transactivation, and abilities to confer self-renewal of the human Oct-4 isoforms differ.

The human oct-4 isoforms differ in their ability to confer self-renewal.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of artesunate (ART) on growth and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma HOS cell line in vitro and in vivo and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The induction of apoptosis was detected by light and transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the related mechanisms. Nude mice were further employed to investigate the antitumour activity of ART in vivo. MTT assay results demonstrated that ART selectively inhibits the growth of HOS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on the findings of light and transmission electron microscopy, Hoechst 33258 staining, and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-annexin V staining, the cytotoxicity of ART in HOS cells occurs through apoptosis. With ART treatment, cytosolic cytochrome c was increased, Bax expression was gradually upregulated, Bcl-2 expression was downregulated, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated. Thus, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway may be involved in ART-induced apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry indicated that ART may induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. In nude mice bearing HOS xenograft tumours, ART inhibited tumour growth and regulated the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and survivin, in agreement with in vitro observations. ART has a selective antitumour activity against human osteosarcoma HOS cells, which may be related to its effects on induction of apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway. The results suggest that ART is a promising candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma.

/pdf/artesunate-inhibits-growth-and-induces-apoptosis-in-human-1ljziilguj.pdf

Artesunate inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma HOS cell line in vitro and in vivo

Advanced, recurrent, or metastasized osteosarcomas remain challenging to cure or even alleviate. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved in recent years, with options including adoptive cellular therapy, vaccination, and checkpoint inhibitors. As such, immunotherapy is becoming a potential strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Innate immunocytes, the first line of defense in the immune system and the bridge to adaptive immunity, are one of the vital effector cell subpopulations in cancer immunotherapy. Innate immune cell-based therapy has shown potent antitumor activity against hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Importantly, some immune checkpoints are expressed on both innate and adaptive immune cells, modulating their functions in tumor immunity. Therefore, blocking or activating immune checkpoint-mediated downstream signaling pathways can improve the therapeutic effects of innate immune cell-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current status and future prospects of innate immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, with a focus on the potential synergistic effects of combination therapy involving innate immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors/oncolytic viruses.

/pdf/innate-immune-cells-a-potential-and-promising-cell-3y1k24f7fr.pdf

Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma.

Plant lignans are converted by the intestinal microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone, which are associated with beneficial health effects in humans. The mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone are believed to protect against certain diseases, e.g., breast and prostate cancer as well as coronary heart disease. In this study, the effects of enterodiol and enterolactone on osteoblastic differentiation were examined. It was found that enterolactone and enterodiol showed the same effects. They have biphasic effects on cell viability, alkaline phosphotase (ALP) activity, transcriptional level of osteonectin, and collagen I, showing induction at low doses and inhibition at high doses. They increased transcriptional levels of ALP, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in a dose-dependent manner. The difference may be related to the estrogenic and antiestrogenic character and multiple signaling transduction of phytoestrogen.

Effects of metabolites of the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol on osteoblastic differentiation of MG-63 cells.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jor.21579

Zhaoming Ye

Papers

Artesunate inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma HOS cell line in vitro and in vivo

Innate Immune Cells: A Potential and Promising Cell Population for Treating Osteosarcoma.

Effects of metabolites of the lignans enterolactone and enterodiol on osteoblastic differentiation of MG-63 cells.

Sensitization of human osteosarcoma cells to Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity by zoledronate.

Melatonin inhibits osteosarcoma stem cells by suppressing SOX9-mediated signaling.