The significant benefits associated with microgrids have led to vast efforts to expand their penetration in electric power systems. Although their deployment is rapidly growing, there are still many challenges to efficiently design, control, and operate microgrids when connected to the grid, and also when in islanded mode, where extensive research activities are underway to tackle these issues. It is necessary to have an across-the-board view of the microgrid integration in power systems. This paper presents a review of issues concerning microgrids and provides an account of research in areas related to microgrids, including distributed generation, microgrid value propositions, applications of power electronics, economic issues, microgrid operation and control, microgrid clusters, and protection and communications issues.

State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review

The black start capability is vital for microgrids, which can potentially improve the reliability of the power grid. This paper proposes a black start strategy for microgrids based on a parallel restoration strategy. Considering the characteristics of distributed generations (DGs), an evaluation model, which is used to assess the black start capability of DGs, is established by adopting the variation coefficient method. Thus, the DGs with good black start capability, which are selected by a diversity sequence method, are restored first in parallel under the constraints of DGs and network. During the selection process of recovery paths, line weight and node importance degree are proposed under the consideration of the node topological importance and the load importance as well as the backbone network restoration time. Therefore, the whole optimization of the reconstructed network is realized. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategy.

A Parallel Restoration for Black Start of Microgrids Considering Characteristics of Distributed Generations

Survey of multi-agent systems for microgrid control

Multi-agent systems applied for energy systems integration: State-of-the-art applications and trends in microgrids

Electricity is indispensable and of strategic importance to national economies. Consequently, electric utilities make an effort to balance power generation and demand in order to offer a good service at a competitive price. For this purpose, these utilities need electric load forecasts to be as accurate as possible. However, electric load depends on many factors (day of the week, month of the year, etc.), which makes load forecasting quite a complex process requiring something other than statistical methods. This study presents an electric load forecast architectural model based on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that performs Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF). In this study, we present the excellent results obtained, and highlight the simplicity of the proposed model. Load forecasting was performed in a geographic location of the size of a potential microgrid, as microgrids appear to be the future of electric power supply.

Short-Term Load Forecasting for Microgrids Based on Artificial Neural Networks

Microgrids have become a hot topic driven by the dual pressures of environmental protection concerns and the energy crisis. In this paper, a challenge for the distributed control of a modern electric grid incorporating clusters of residential microgrids is elaborated and a hierarchical multi-agent system (MAS) is proposed as a solution. The issues of how to realize the hierarchical MAS and how to improve coordination and control strategies are discussed. Based on MATLAB and ZEUS platforms, bilateral switching between grid-connected mode and island mode is performed under control of the proposed MAS to enhance and support its effectiveness.

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Hierarchical MAS Based Control Strategy for Microgrid

Microgrid is a controllable unit integrated by distributed energy, load, energy storage and control devices. The operation and control of microgrid is the key to ensure the safety and stability of the power grid. In this paper, we design a microgrid monitor and control system based on IP and Multi-Agent, established by MATLAB and ZEUS platform. The bilateral switching between grid-connected mode and island mode is implemented by simulation. The results indicate the feasibility of multi-agent control system for microgrid control, operation and management.

Control system simulation of microgrid based on IP and Multi-Agent

The declining channel quality by chance would bring about the rise of error rate in wireless transmission. Moreover, automatic repeat request mechanisms would give rise to the tremendous increasement of transmission delay. Therefore, research on the scheme of low transmission delay is of great importance. In this paper, we propose the novel decoding algorithm to obtain a tradeoff between Belief Propagation and Gaussian Elimination decoding. Results show that the proposed decoding algorithm has higher DSP (decoding success probability) and lower decoding time.

An algorithm with high decoding success probability based on LT codes

Driven by the market economy, the city’s infrastructure has been continuously improved, and the living standards of the people have been continuously improved. The need for the integrated development of public art and urban environmental design has become one of the important tasks in the entire urban construction work. However, in the integrated development, public art and urban environment, as two subjects, have different development histories and complex influencing factors. Combining this information for effective analysis is a computationally and processing intensive task. This paper uses the data fusion method in wireless sensors to study the fusion development of public art and urban environment design and understand the historical development and various characteristics of public art and urban environment design. And we apply it in fusion analysis experiments, use wireless sensors for information collection, use data fusion methods for analysis, and compare with traditional methods. The experimental results show that the wireless sensor data fusion method is used in the research of the fusion development of public art and urban environment design. The average value of associated fusion degree reaches 84.08% and the average value of balanced fusion degree reaches 80.60%, which has certain effectiveness. Popularizing it in the current stage of urban construction can highlight the city’s personality and style and enhance the city’s cultural taste and modern cultural atmosphere.

Zhe Xiao

Papers

Hierarchical MAS Based Control Strategy for Microgrid

Control system simulation of microgrid based on IP and Multi-Agent

An algorithm with high decoding success probability based on LT codes

Fusion Development of Public Art and Urban Environment Design Based on Wireless Sensor Data Fusion