Handbook of the Economics of Finance

This study investigated personal decision factors influencing investing in capital market, and stock exchange performance in Tanzania as reflected on motivation, abilities, ideas and resources  framework developed by Durham business school. It also identified factors hindering individual investors from participating in the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) in Tanzania. The findings reveal that personal decision factors influencing investment in capital markets include: awareness, income level, educational level, age, sex and experience on money markets (AIEASE); good stock performance in terms of high return, growth of earnings, the number of companies listed, types of products offered and market structure and past stock performances (RECHOS). DSE performance influencing factors were past stock performance, return on investment and growth in earnings and competition from government securities and bonds (SGR). The policy and management practices implications are that: (i) Policy intervention is needed to streamline securities, bonds, DSE and financial institutions practices to bring equity in various products in money markets; (ii) The DSE management should increase educational campaigns; upscale activities in cities; undertake capacity building at CMSA, DSE, high schools and colleges; and hire trained experts in marketing, research and modernization of the trading system. Keywords : personal factors, capital markets, investing, stock exchange performance, government securities and bonds

Personal Decision Factors Influencing Investment In Capital Markets and Stock Exchange Performance in Tanzania: A Case Study of the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange

PurposeThis study aimed to develop and test the impact of a social media-based intervention for improving the business skills and income of young smallholder farmers.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the researchers used an exploratory approach to develop a social media-based intervention for acquiring business skills and improving income. Second, the researchers tested the effectiveness of the developed programme on a sample of 506 young smallholder farmers. Finally, the intervention and data collection took place over five years (2017–2021).FindingsThe result showed steady improvements in business skills and income from 2017 to 2021 for the treatment group, unlike the control group. Also, improvements in business skills led to a reduction in expenses and an increase in profit from 2017 to 2021. A further evaluation of the result showed that an addition of 5.1 mean scores in business skills led to the addition of $91 income between 2017 and 2018; for 2018–2019, 2.6 improvements in business skills increased income by $123. For 2019–2020, a 2.7 improvement increased income by $209, whilst for 2020–2021, a 1.6 improvement increased income by $320.Originality/valueThe results of this study could help explore ways of using social media to change behaviour aimed at improving income amongst young smallholder farmers.

Developing and testing a social media-based intervention for improving business skills and income levels of young smallholder farmers

This study aims to evaluate the effects of online learning during the pandemic on economics students at two different institutions, Diponegoro University and Tadulako University. Diponegoro University (UNDIP) represents universities in the West region, and Tadulako University (UNTAD) represents universities in the Eastern region of Indonesia. This study used descriptive qualitative analysis to describe the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at the two different institutions. Based on the results of the analysis, students on both campuses use learning applications to carry out distance lectures. The obstacle that is often faced by students is that it is difficult to signal to be able to attend online lectures. Students also remain active in class, even though the learning is online. 
Keywords: Online learning; covid pandemic 19; UNDIP; UNTAD

Evaluation of Online Learning During COVID-19

Social networking sites are online applications that were developed for communication and to have access to information. These sites can be accessed via phones, tabs, and other ICT gadgets through an internet connection. The study searched pre-service teachers’ usage of social networking sites and their relationship with their performance in physics with internet selfefficacy as the mediating variable. The study sampled three hundred and five (305) pre-service physics teachers across all teacher-producing colleges and universities in Kwara state, Nigeria using a convenient sampling technique. Adapted and researchers-designed instruments titled “Social Networking Sites Usage Questionnaire” which was divided into four sub-dimensions, “Physics Performance Test” and “Internet Self-Efficacy Scale” were used to elicit data from the respondents. A partial least square structural equation modeling approach was used and the data collected were analyzed via Smart PLS software version 4.0.9.2. The results of the study revealed that all four sub-dimensions of social networking sites’ usage were significantly related to student’s performance in physics. The study also found out that internet self-efficacy mediates the social networking site usage’s sub-dimensions relationship with students’ performance in physics significantly. The study concluded that proper usage of social networking sites aids students’ performance positively

Mediating Role of Internet Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Social Networking Sites’ Usage and Performance in Physics: Structural Equation Modeling Approach


Purpose
The closure of educational institutions in the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the global teaching and learning landscape. Face-to-face classroom activity has been shifted to online classroom activity. This study aims to investigate the effect of social media-based education on students’ academic performance during the pandemic.


Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes the perceptions of 302 university-going students of Bangladesh using structural equation modeling.


Findings
Results show that Facebook features, perceived usefulness and personal tutorial have a positive and significant relationship with the use of social media (USM). Furthermore, the USM has a positive and significant relationship with the academic performance of the university-going students of Bangladesh during the pandemic.


Research limitations/implications
This research has considered the social media usage of university students during the pandemic for academic purposes. This study has not considered income group, technical literacy and device availability of the students. Therefore, the findings may not be generalized to all classes of society.


Practical implications
This study validates that the USM can ensure good academic performance by engaging students through collaboration and attention.


Originality/value
Diffusion of knowledge and interactive face-to-face learning procedures have faced a massive loss because of this COVID-19 pandemic. Easiness in the mode of teaching technique can be a precondition for its acceptance among the students. As the impact of social media on academic performance in this pandemic context has remained unexplained, this study is designed to focus on this emerging issue.


The relationship between social media based teaching and academic performance during COVID-19

The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between demographic characteristics of general investors such as age, education level, occupation, experience and income level and the stock market investment amount. Survey techniques have been applied on a sample size of 300 general investors selected from Dhaka Stock Exchange and the average amount of investment per year has been determined from the structured questionnaire. The frequency table was used to demonstrate how many investors made this particular investment. To identify whether there is any interaction between two demographical characteristics on the yearly average investment amount of the investors two-way ANOVA test was employed. Results indicate that selected demographic characteristics make difference in the average amount of investment in different types of shares. The paper explores for the first time the link between demographic characteristics and investment amount of general investors. This study provides notable insights towards the understanding of stock investment made by general investors having different demographic characteristics. Keywords: demographic characteristics, investors, investment amount, stock market

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Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Investment Amount: A Study on the general Investors of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh

PurposeThe aim of the study has been performed to investigate the relationship between sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and the cost performance of manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Moreover, this paper highlights the key environment-friendly approaches and their association with financial performance in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe paper empirically assesses sustainable supply chain performance using four major supply chain practices, including sustainable procurement, sustainable production, sustainable distribution and investment recovery, and compares it with the cost performance. Twenty-four variables were identified through different literature and distributed as a structured questionnaire among the managers appointed in different manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. An empirical study was conducted using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to examine the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results find a positive relationship in two variables of sustainable supply chain practices, including sustainable procurement and investment recovery, while sustainable distribution negatively impacted cost performance. In addition, sustainable production found no effect on cost performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper emphasizes the financial perspective of a sustainable supply chain without explicit consideration of sustainability's environmental and social dimensions.Practical implicationsThis study has implications for the literature on the SSCM approaches of manufacturing firms in the least developed economies. In addition, this study could work as a guideline for some manufacturing industries that prefer a policy or standard to alter their traditional supply chain management system to a sustainable supply chain.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the coordinated effect of SSCM practices on cost performance where variables of four specific activities of SSCM and cost performance are adopted from different studies. Further studies could be initiated, including some other eco-friendly supply chain variables, and the effect could be evaluated from an environmental perspective.

Zobaida Khanam

Papers

The relationship between social media based teaching and academic performance during COVID-19

Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Investment Amount: A Study on the general Investors of Dhaka Stock Exchange, Bangladesh

Impact of sustainable supply chain management on cost performance: empirical evidence from manufacturing companies of Bangladesh