Data Mining - Concepts and Techniques.

How have Japanese companies become world leaders in the automotive and electronics industries, among others? What is the secret of their success? Two leading Japanese business experts, Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi, are the first to tie the success of Japanese companies to their ability to create new knowledge and use it to produce successful products and technologies. In The Knowledge-Creating Company, Nonaka and Takeuchi provide an inside look at how Japanese companies go about creating this new knowledge organizationally. The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge. To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself withthe master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline. As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future. Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.

The knowledge-creating company

Knowledge Based Systems (KBS) are systems that use artificial intelligence techniques in the problem solving process. This text is designed to develop an appreciation of KBS and their architecture and to help users understand a broad variety of knowledge based techniques for decision support and planning. It assumes basic computer science skills and a math background that includes set theory, relations, elementary probability, and introductory concepts of artificial intelligence. Each of the 12 chapters are designed to be modular providing instructors with the flexibility to model the book to their own course needs. Exercises are incorporated throughout the text to highlight certain aspects of the material being presented and to stimulate thought and discussion.

Knowledge-Based Systems

Dr. Ashenhurst set the tone of the session by saying that the panel would discuss systems analysis in the industrial management sense, "With a view toward coordinating educational programs with management needs".

Systems analysis and design

Powershift: Knowledge, wealth and violence at the edge of the 21st century

Improvements in context modelling and reasoning techniques have facilitated the development of context-aware applications, where these applications need to accommodate and respond autonomously to changing context information. Context is often used to refer to any piece of information regarding the surrounding environment, where human activities and computing tasks take place. In this paper, we propose a generic context model, which consists of three fundamental classes, namely Extrinsic Context, Interface Context, and Intrinsic Context. The goal of the proposed framework is to represent context information in general, which can be implemented to facilitate common context representation, context matching, and context reasoning.

Generic context ontology modelling: A review and framework

The emergence of biometric technology provides enhanced security compared to the traditional identification and authentication techniques that were less efficient and secure. Despite the advantages brought by biometric technology, the existing biometric systems such as Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV) systems are weak against presentation attacks. A presentation attack is a spoofing attack launched to subvert an ASV system to gain access to the system. Though numerous Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) systems were reported in the literature, a systematic survey that describes the current state of research and application is unavailable. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the state-of-the-art voice PAD systems to promote further advancement in this area. The objectives of this paper are two folds: (i) to understand the nature of recent work on PAD systems, and (ii) to identify areas that require additional research. From the survey, a taxonomy of voice PAD and the trend analysis of recent work on PAD systems were built and presented, whereby the recent and relevant articles including articles from Interspeech and ICASSP Conferences, mostly indexed by Scopus, published between 2015 and 2021 were considered. A total of 172 articles were surveyed in this work. The findings of this survey present the limitation of recent works, which include spoof-type dependent PAD. Consequently, the future direction of work on voice PAD for interested researchers is established. The findings of this survey present the limitation of recent works, which include spoof-type dependent PAD. Consequently, the future direction of work on voice PAD for interested researchers is established.

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A survey on presentation attack detection for automatic speaker verification systems: State-of-the-art, taxonomy, issues and future direction

The growing amount of unstructured text over Internet is tremendous. Text repositories come from Web 2.0, business intelligence and social networking applications. It is also believed that 80-90% of future growth data is available in the form of unstructured text databases that may potentially contain interesting patterns and trends. Text Mining is well known technique for discovering interesting patterns and trends which are non-trivial knowledge from massive unstructured text data. Text Mining covers multidisciplinary fields involving information retrieval (IR), text analysis, natural language processing (NLP), data mining, machine learning statistics and computational linguistics. This paper discusses the development of text analytics tool that is proficient in extracting, processing, analyzing the unstructured text data and visualizing cleaned text data into multiple forms such as Document Term Matrix (DTM), Frequency Graph, Network Analysis Graph, Word Cloud and Dendogram. This tool, VisualUrText, is developed to assist students and researchers for extracting interesting patterns and trends in document analyses.

VisualUrText: A Text Analytics Tool for Unstructured Textual Data

This paper describes a technique of text analytics on peacekeeping documents to discover significant text patterns exist in the documents. These documents are considered as unstructured textual data.The paper proposes a framework that consists of 3 stages (i) data collection (ii) document preprocessing and (iii) text analytics and visualization.The technique
is developed using R text mining package for text analytics experiments.

Text analytics of unstructured textual data: A study on military peacekeeping document using R text mining package

Many studies have been conducted to determine how data mining can be used in predicting climate change. Previous studies showed many data mining methods have been used in related to climate prediction, however classification and clustering methods are widely used to generate the climate prediction model. In this study, Association Rule Mining (ARM) is used to discover hidden rules in time series climate data from previous years and to analyze the relationship between the discovered rules. The dataset used in this study is a set of weather data from the Petaling Jaya observation station in Selangor for the year 2013 to 2015. This paper aims to utilize ARM for extracting behavioural patterns within the climate data that can be used to develop the prediction model for climate variability. The proposed framework is developed to provide a better approach in understanding how ARM can be used to find meaningful patterns in the climate data and generate rules that can be used to build a prediction model.

Zuraini Zainol

Papers

Generic context ontology modelling: A review and framework

A survey on presentation attack detection for automatic speaker verification systems: State-of-the-art, taxonomy, issues and future direction

VisualUrText: A Text Analytics Tool for Unstructured Textual Data

Text analytics of unstructured textual data: A study on military peacekeeping document using R text mining package

Association Rule Mining Using Time Series Data for Malaysia Climate Variability Prediction