世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

The Number, Size, and Distribution of Farms, Smallholder Farms, and Family Farms Worldwide

統計年鑑 = Statistical yearbook

Small farmers produce much of the developing world's food. Yet they are generally much poorer than the rest of the population in these countries, and are less food secure than even the urban poor. Furthermore, although the majority of the world's population will live in urban areas by 2030, farming populations will not be much smaller than they are today. For the foreseeable future, therefore, dealing with poverty and hunger in much of the world means confronting the problems that small farmers and their families face in their daily struggle for survival. The material for this book is derived from a study originally undertaken at the request of the World Bank in order to provide a specifically agricultural perspective to the revision of the Bank's rural development strategy. It has drawn on many years of specialized work within FAO and the World Bank, as well as in a number of other national and international institutions. Findings were supported by more than 20 case studies from around the world which analyzed innovative approaches to small farm or pastoral development. This book is intended for a wider audience than the original study, and it is hoped that policy makers, researchers, Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and the agribusiness sector will all find its conclusions and recommendations interesting and thought provoking; and that they will carry the analysis further by applying the approach at national level to assist in the formulation of rural development strategies.

Farming Systems and Poverty IMPROVING FARMERS' LIVELIHOODS IN A CHANGING WORLD

While Stochastic Dominance has been employed in various forms as early as 1932, it has only been since 1969-1970 that the notion has been developed and extensively employed in the area of economics, finance, agriculture, statistics, marketing and operations research.

In this survey, the first-, second-and third-order stochastic dominance rules are discussed with an emphasis on the development in the area since the 1980s.

Stochastic dominance and expected utility: survey and analysis

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Arena and the Common Heritage Chapter 3 Divergent Approaches to Reform: Land Policies Chapter 4 Divergent Approaches to Reform: Changes in Fram Structure Chapter 5 Reforms, Policy Environment, and Agricultural Performance Chapter 6 Lessons of Transition in Agriculture 7 Sources and References

Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries

Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence

Some institutional investors may be confined (either by policy or by regulation) to holdings in the bond market. In the 1960-80 period, the U.S. stock market dominated the U.S. bond market in terms of risk-adjusted returns. But an internationally diversified portfolio of bonds dominated an internationally diversified stock portfolio. The low correlations across world bond markets allowed U.S. investors to increase their dollar returns at the price of a smaller increase in risk than that required to achieve the same incremental returns from diversification in stocks. The gain from international diversification was substantial. A U.S. investor who diversified across world bond markets could have earned more than double the mean rate of return on a U.S. bond portfolio, at the same risk level. For investors not confined to bonds, the gains from international diversification in bonds and stocks were even more impressive.

Zvi Lerman

Papers

Agriculture in Transition: Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Post Soviet Countries

Agriculture in transition economies: from common heritage to divergence

The Benefits of International Diversification in Bonds

Russian agriculture: Growth and institutional challenges

Land policies and agricultural land markets in Russia