Showing papers by "ABB Ltd published in 1987"

Axial flow turbine

Abstract: In an axial flow gas turbine with reaction blading, whose outlet rotor blades (14) are followed by a diffuser with axial outlet into an exhaust gas pipe (13), the kink angles of the diffuser inlet both at the hub (10) and at the cylinder (9) are fixed exclusively for the purpose of evening out the energy profile over the duct height at the outlet from the last rotor blade row in order to shorten the diffuser system and to optimise it in part load operation. In addition, a mechanism provided to remove swirl from the swirling flow in the form of profile ribs (17). Where the outlet rotor blades have a high Mach number flow, which leads to a large opening angle of the blading, the diffuser is subdivided into several partial diffusers (16) via sheet metal guides (15).

Arrangement for reducing shaft voltages in dynamoelectric machines

Abstract: An arrangement for reducing voltages appearing in turbosets, wherein in addition to a grounding brush (7) on the drive end (DE), another (18) grounding brush is provided on the nondrive end (NDE) and is connected to ground (5) by an RC element (19,20). In this way, when grounding brush (7) on the drive end malfunctions, static charges and alternating frequency currents are reliably discharged. The currents flowing on the nondrive end and the voltages appearing between grounding brush (18) and ground (5) further allow reliable statements to be made about the operational capability and operational safety of the shaft grounding.

Device for the inductive heating of a workpiece by means of a plurality of inductors

Abstract: In devices for the inductive heating and keeping-warm of a workpiece by means of a plurality of inductors, a capacitor being connected in parallel with each inductor, both are fed by a power inverter, which is supplied from a common fully controllable rectifier. Each power inverter is connected via a smoothing choke in each case to the d.c. voltage output of the common rectifier and each power converter is controlled only by the assigned load oscillating circuit by voltage comparison between the actual voltage and the setpoint voltage, independently of the other power inverters and without influencing the other power inverters. The a.c. output voltage can be changed only in the case of one or a few of the power inverters by changing the respective inverter firing angle. For proportionally changing all the power inverter output voltages, this is achieved by changing the rectifier output voltage. It is expedient if the rectifier is in each case influenced in dependence on the coil with the smallest voltage.

Arc quenching device

Abstract: An arc quenching device (10) in an electrical contactor is arranged opposite a contact point with two contact pieces, between which an arc ignites when the contact point is opened. This arc is commutated onto arc conducting rails and runs from there into a quenching chamber which holds the quenching device (10). The latter is formed from a quenching plate stack (12) which is held by lateral wall sections (16) and whose individual quenching plates (20) are inserted in slots (28) in a rearward wall section (14). The webs (30) located between the slots in this case are used as spacers for the quenching plates (20).

Quenching device for electric circuit breaker

Abstract: In a quenching device for electrical circuit breakers, particularly power and line protective circuit breakers, in a housing (10, 30) with at least antechamber (12, 32) bounded on the sides by antechamber plates (13, 33), there is arranged a contact point (14, 34), which is formed from a fixed and a moving contact piece (16, 18, 36, 38) which are connected to arc conducting rails (22, 24, 42, 44) which each hold an arc quenching plate stack (26, 46) between them. The antechamber plates (13, 33) in this case overlap the contact point (14, 34) completely from the side, but have openings (15, 35) in the antechamber plates (13, 33) in the region of the rear side of the moving contact piece (18, 38).

Fastening system for covers

Abstract: Known front covers are fastened to the respectively provided background by means of a screw connection (joint) or other additional fastening parts, eg clamps The fastening system according to the invention is formed from a cover (10, 30, 40) and a receptacle (20) Integrally formed on the rear of the cover (10, 30, 40) are lugs (12, 32, 42), which are situated opposite in pairs and have latching surfaces (16, 36, 46) which cooperate with latching elements located on the receptacle (20) in which they grasp from behind the latching elements (22), which are integrally formed as nose-shaped lugs (23) on the outside (24) of the side wall (26) of the receptacle (20) The fastening system proposed is provided in particular for use in accessories in low-voltage installations

Electrical service installation

Abstract: An electrical service installation has a main electricity meter (33), which is accommodated in a mains connection box, and a line protection circuit breaker and/or residual current device (20, 21, 22), which is assigned thereto, for in each case at least one sub-load (13). An additional, electronic power measurement device (12, 14; 23 to 28) is assigned to each line protection circuit breaker and/or residual current device (10; 20, 21, 22) assigned to a sub-load (13) or to each group of line protection circuit breakers or residual current devices assigned to a load (13). In consequence, cost-effective sub-meters can be provided which do not need calibration. A correction factor is determined by comparing the sum of the readings of the individual sub-meters with the reading of the main electricity meter and the sub-meter readings are multiplied by this correction factor, that is to say are corrected. This service installation is used especially where calibrated and expensive secondary electricity meters are uneconomic.

Electrical switching apparatus

Abstract: The invention relates to the design of a housing for an electrical switching apparatus (10) having electrical and mechanical switching elements which are arranged in a shell body 14 which is covered, such that it is flush, by a housing cover 12 with integrally formed ratching slides 26 on it.

Electrical switching apparatus

Abstract: An electrical switching apparatus is proposed which has a metal housing (1) in which two printed circuit boards (25; 49) are accommodated which carry conductor tracks and electrical components and are connected to at least one plug strip (4; 6) of a multipole plug device whose plug connecting parts (8, 9; 32, 33) are on the one hand passed out of the metal housing (1) and are on the other hand connected to associated conductor tracks. An earth part (10, 34) is embedded in each plug strip (4; 6) in the plug region in order to screen the switching apparatus against interference influences and is connected on the one hand to conductor tracks and on the other hand directly to the metal housing (1) (which is used as the earth) by means of fastening parts (56; 57) by means of which the plug strips (4; 6) are fastened to the metal housing (1).

Ueberbrueckungselement zur sicherung von batteriezellen

Abstract: Das Uberbruckungselement (1) ist einer einzelnen Batte­riezelle oder einer Batteriezellengruppe einer aus einer Vielzahl seriengeschalteter elektrochemischer Batterie­zellen bestehenden Hochtemperatur-Speicherbatterie pa­rallel geschaltet und dient sowohl zur Ladungszustands­symmetrierung von intakten Batteriezellen als auch zur irreversiblen Uberbruckung von hochohmig ausfallenden, zerstorten Zellen. Es besteht aus zwei in Serie angeord­neten Halbleiter-Bauelementen (2), insbesondere Halb­leiterdioden, Varistoren oder NTC-Widerstanden, mit je­weils unterschiedlicher Strom/Spannungs-Charakteristik. Bei potentiostatischer Uberladung einer Batteriezelle wird das erste Halbleiterbauelement (2) niederohmig, so das der zur Ladung weiterer Batteriezellen notwendige Stromflus allein durch den Leckstrom (I S3 ) des zweiten Halbleiterbauelementes (3) bestimmt wird. Bei hochohmi­gem Ausfall einer zerstorten Batteriezelle legieren bei­de Halbleiterbauelemente (2,3) durch und schliesen die Zelle irreversibel niederohmig kurz.

Bedien- und anzeigevorrichtung

Abstract: In electronic measuring instruments which have a large number of operating functions it is usual to subdivide the operating commands into hierarchical command levels. The last command level is of particular importance because specific parameters must be selected on this level. The operating elements 11 to 15 for making selections at the penultimate command level are designed as rocker switches with two switch-on settings on two sides of a rest position. By pressing the rocker switches 11 to 15 commands of the last command level are switched further in two opposite directions according to the rocker position. On a screen 110 belonging to the measuring instrument, a screen area 112 is provided, on which the commands available for selection in specific command arrays are displayed. Selected commands are highlighted. The device is particularly suitable for complex measuring instruments with many setting commands, in particular for oscilloscopes. This arrangement allows for simple and quick selection of commands.

Process for the fault monitoring of an electric valve

Abstract: With electric valves (7) having several series-connected thyristore (T1 . . . Tn; T1' . . . Tn'), individual thyristors may become defective, so that they do not withstand the blocking voltage applied to them. For the simplified checking of such defects, a process is specified which does not require any individual monitoring on the spot, i.e. for high potential. For this purpose, in the blocked state of the valve (7), all thyristors of one current direction, apart from at least one thyristor being tested, are triggered within a predeterminable triggering interval. If a valve current (i R ) then flows, an indicating and registering device (A1 . . . An) indicates in which thyristor stage the defect has occurred. This status check is preceded by a preliminary test in which it is checked whether all thyristor triggering channels are in order. All thyristors are triggered in this test. If no valve current (i R ) occurs, a triggering channel fault signal (S U0 ) is generated.

Contact piece formed from flat material

Abstract: A contact piece (10) which is formed from flat material and is used for making contact with a flat mating contact piece, preferably an electrical busbar consisting of flat strip material having a rectangular cross-section, has two contact fingers (12, 13) which hold the mating contact piece (15) between them and are pressed together by means of a spring element (27) which acts on the contact fingers from the outside. The spring element is arranged essentially parallel to the plane of the contact piece. In order to avoid problems in transferring electrical power between the contact fingers and the contact piece, the spring element (27) is constructed in a U-shape, to be precise in such a shape that it has two U-shaped regions (33, 34) which run parallel to one another and are connected to one another at their limb ends by means of connecting webs (35). For installation, the spring element (27) is pushed onto the contact piece (10) such that the two U-shaped regions rest on the contact piece on both sides and the connecting webs (35) rest against the contact fingers from the outside and thus press the contact fingers against one another.

Electric installation equipment

Abstract: of EP0238960A low-voltage, high-rupture-capacity (hrc) fuse consists of a low- voltage, hrc fuse lower part (10) and a low-voltage, hrc fuse insert (22, 23), which is designed as an automatic circuit breaker. For this purpose, the commercial circuit breaker (23) is provided with connecting tabs (28) which lead to blade contacts (31) on the rear side of the circuit breaker (23). The blade contacts (31) are inserted in fork contacts (14, 15). A cover (60), which can be snapped onto the circuit breaker (23), is used for protection against touching. Furthermore, the cover (60) is provided with a coupling part (78), which is prepared for an extraction device for commercial low-voltage, hrc fuse inserts to be coupled on.

Cleaning method for an insulating part

Abstract: Die Erfindung betrifft die Anwendung des bekannten Ultraschallreinigungsverfahrens fur die Entfernung von PCB-haltiger Isolierflussigkeit aus den Poren von festen Isolierstoffen, wobei das Isolierteil in einem Losungsmittelbad bewegt und das Losungsmittel bis nahe der Siedetemperatur erhitzt wird. The invention relates to the application of the known ultrasonic cleaning process for the removal of PCB-containing insulating liquid from the pores of solid insulating materials, wherein the insulating member is moved in a solvent bath, and the solvent is heated to near the boiling point.

Electrical switching or distributer installation which is encapsulated in a pressure-tight manner and has a bursting protection device

Abstract: An electrical switching or distributor installation which is metal-encapsulated in a pressure-tight manner or is provided with an outer metal layer, preferably for the medium-voltage range, contains a bursting protection device, which fractures if a maximum possible overpressure is exceeded, in the form of a membrane-like bursting disc. This bursting protection device (11) is distinguished by the fact that a sealing element (at 19) is used which is constructed like a disc, externally completely covers the associated encapsulation opening, seals said opening by means of a pressed-on flange ring (12) and at the same time forms the bursting disc. In addition, a metallic encapsulation plate (13) is inserted and held between the outer surface of the sealing element which forms the bursting disc and the flange ring (12) arranged above it, which encapsulation plate (13) is provided inside the extent of its surface with a split (16), which is largely but not completely circumferential, is at least approximately the same as the encapsulation opening in shape and dimensions, and forms a flap (19) which can spring out or bend out. In consequence, virtually continuous surface earthing of the encapsulation is ensured without adversely affecting the functionality of the bursting protection device. In addition, the encapsulation plate offers protection against the bursting protection device being damaged from the outside.

Electro magnetic drive for a switchgear as well as process of manufacturing a coil form ready to be connected for this drive

Abstract: An electromagnetic drive used for operating switchgear has a coil form, for holding an inductive winding, on whose longitudinal ends there are integrally formed approximately rectangular, frame-shaped terminating flanges, at least one of which is fitted with additional integral mouldings for holding winding connections for the winding power supply. The new coil form is characterised by connecting columns (15, 16), which originate from two adjacent corner regions of one of its terminating flanges (13) and run in the direction of the plane of its major extent, and which are placed parallel to one another and clearly project beyond the circumferential contour of the terminating flange, furthermore characterised by depressions (18....29) being formed on the outer surface of the said terminating flange facing away from the winding, which depressions (18...29) pass into one another along at least three of its four frame surfaces and are also connected to the terminating columns or to cut-outs provided thereon, and into which electrical or electronic circuit elements and their connecting wires can be inserted, and finally by additional depressions (30...33) being designed in the corner regions of this terminating flange (13) for holding solder points.

High-temperature-resistant coating

Abstract: The high-temperature-resistant protective coating is formed by an alloy based on nickel, cobalt, chromium, aluminium and generally also yttrium. The object of the invention is to improve the adhesive strength of the metal oxide top layer forming the protective coating and to increase the oxidation and corrosion resistance. According to the invention, silicon is added to the alloy as a first additive. The amount of the silicon added to the alloy is between 1 and 3% by weight. The oxidation and corrosion resistance can be increased by a further addition of zirconium in an amount of 1% by weight. The same result can also be achieved by a further addition of tantalum, also in an amount of 1% by weight.

Protective cover for high current apparatus terminals.

Abstract: of EP0220567The protective cover consists of a protective cap (2) mounted such that it can swivel on the apparatus housing (1) and being capable of being swivelled from a stabilised installation position (A), which releases the clamping screw (15) and is self-locking by means of a retaining device (6,7,8,9), into an operating position (B), which covers the clamping screw (15) and is held by means of a latching device (10,11).

Electrical switching apparatus

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical switching apparatus (10) having a novel switching mechanism (23) which is of very compact design, is mounted such that it can rotate about a common rotation axis (28) and can be inserted into the housing (12) as a preassembled assembly The invention furthermore relates to a unit (60) which is formed from an arc guide rail (48), a thermal trip device (52) and a connecting conductor (49) (which is connected to a connecting terminal (50)) is inserted completely preassembled into the housing, and is supported on a housing journal provided for this purpose

Display for presenting measured values using 7-segment indicators

Abstract: On this display, the intention is to provide at choice a quasi analogue display or a digital display. To achieve this, on the display (1) at least two mutually parallel 7-segment rows (3) consisting of several 7-segment displays (2) are arranged. At least two stacked 7-segment displays (2) have the same dimensions and lie on one line. The horizontal segments (4) of the two stacked 7-segment displays (2a, 2b) are connected together by their control system in such a way that together they form a quasi analogue display (5).

Fault arc detector device

Abstract: Eine vorzugsweise als gasisolierte, metallgekapselte Schaltanlage (1) ausgebildete elektrische Anlage mit mindestens einem in einem abgedunkelten Innenraum (7) befindlichen elektrischen Schalter wird von einer Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Storlichtbogen uberwacht. A preferably as a gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear (1) formed with at least one electrical system located in a darkened space (7) electrical switch is monitored by a means for detecting arc faults. Hierbei werden die von den Storlichtbogen ausgehenden Lichtimpulse im Innenraum (7) optisch erfasst, ausgeleitet und in elektrische Signale umgewandelt, welche in einer Auswertevorrichtung (20) verarbeitet werden. Here, the outgoing of the light pulses arcing faults in the interior (7) are optically detected, discharged and converted into electrical signals which are processed in an evaluation device (20). Die Ueberwachungseinrichtung soll sich durch eine kurze Ansprechzeit auszeichnen. The monitoring device should be characterized by a short response time. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Auswertevorrichtung (20) mit elektrischen Signalen beaufschlagt ist, welche sowohl auf Storlichtbogen als auch auf regulare Schaltlichtbogen zuruckzufuhren sind, und dass die Auswertevorrichtung (20) ferner eine das zeitliche Verhalten der elektrischen Signale erfassende Schaltungsanordnung enthalt. This is achieved in that the evaluation device (20) is acted upon with electrical signals, which are due both to arcing faults as well as to regular switching arcs, and that the evaluation device (20) further contains a the time behavior of the electrical signals detected circuitry. In dieser Schaltungsanordnung werden die auf Storlichtbogen zuruckzufuhrenden elektrischen Signale von Signalen unterschieden, die auf regulare Schaltlichtbogen zuruckzufuhren sind. In this circuit arrangement, the signals attributable to arcing faults electrical signals can be distinguished, which are attributable to regular switching arcs.

Device for depositing material from the gas phase

Abstract: The object of the invention is to improve a device for individual coating of substrates by depositing material from the gas phase. In the proposed solution, a substrate (5) to be coated is clamped, inside a reaction chamber (3), into a rotating plate-like substrate holder (6). Through a gas douche (9), a gas mixture flows against the face (8) to be coated, and the substrate is heated with an infrared heater (4). Preferably, the holder (6) is of annular design, so that the substrate does not lie on a plate over a large area but is held only at the substrate edge. The invention can be used, in particular, for coating semiconductor wafers.

Method and device for testing the reliability of an energised switching operation in a switching installation

Abstract: It is intended to specify a method and a device for testing the reliability of an energised switching operation, it being intended to carry out the testing for conformity with predetermined conditions quickly, with high accuracy and good operational reliability (high operational safety). This object is achieved in that two mutually independent enable signals F1 and F2, which are formed using different methods, are linked to form a switching enable, one of the enable signals also being sufficient for reversionary operation in the event of a defect. The required accuracy is achieved by means of a digitised method, and a high operating speed by rapid recognition of a tendency towards increasing or decreasing correspondence with the specified conditions. Such methods and devices are used in automatic changeover apparatuses for switching over incoming feeders to busbars of switching installations.

Method and apparatus for coating a substrate with a thin metal layer

Abstract: In this method, a thin metal foil (5), e.g. a gold foil, is positioned directly in front of a substrate (6), e.g. a copper support, to be coated. By means of a pulsed laser beam (4) focused via a lens system (3), metal is transferred from this metal foil (5) locally onto the substrate (6). In this way, microregions of components, connectors or printed circuit boards can be provided with local gold contacts. By using special optical image and diaphragm systems (8), it is also possible in the focusing range, to effect instead of a surface coating a structuring of the substrate (6) with metal in order to build up internal structures of microchips. An Nd-YAG laser (1) operating in the UV range is preferably used.

Screw terminal for a busbar element

Abstract: A screw terminal (10) which is used for conductive connection of an electrical cable (lead, line) to a busbar element (19) is composed of at least one screw element (11), a pressure piece (12) which is allocated to the screw element, and a box-like socket part (13), the latter consisting of a strip section which is bent a plurality of times and having an upper screw wall (14), which is equipped with a female thread, mutually opposite side walls (15, 16) which are guided downwards at the side, and a clamping wall which is opposite the screw wall. This screw terminal is distinguished by the fact that the clamping wall is formed from end regions (17, 18) of the strip section directed towards one another and by the busbar element (19) which is to be inserted between the screw wall and the said end regions and is supported on these end regions. The end regions of the strip section may in this case be at a noticeable distance from one another, and the busbar element (19) which is to be inserted into the screw terminal (10) or in its socket part (13) may be a component of a so-called stationary contact element of a low-voltage apparatus.

Method and device for suppressing unacceptable attempts to turn off power semiconductors which can be switched off

Abstract: The method for suppressing unacceptable attempts to turn off power semiconductors which can be switched off prevents an anode current being switched off in the case of gate turn off thyristors (V1...V6), when said anode current is greater than the maximum anode current (iAmax) which can be switched. To this end, the instantaneous anode current (iAO) of the semiconductor and the time derivative of the instantaneous anode current (diAO/dt) are detected. The time derivative of the anode current is multiplied by the maximum switch-off delay time. The two variables are added and compared with the maximum anode current (iAmax) which can be switched. The turn-off command is suppressed if the measurement variable (M(t0)) formed reaches or exceeds the maximum anode current (iAmax) which can be switched. The instantaneous load current (iL) can also be used instead of the instantaneous anode current (iAO).

Lightning arrester including an active resistor core

Abstract: A lightning arrester with a monolithic, active resistor core made of voltage-dependent resistance material based on ZnO is produced by mixing and grinding the base materials ZnO+metal oxides, producing pourable granules, filling into a silicone rubber tube and pressing cold-isostatically or radially into a moulding, sintering of the moulding into a self-supporting, monnolithic resistor core, converting the resistor core, with an insulator by casting around, coating or painting with an epoxy resin, silicone material or concrete polymer or by drawing over a shrink-fit tube or by glazing. The resultant lightning arrester has a simple configuration, good reproducibility, cost-effective mass production.

Method for the production of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

Abstract: An integrated circuit in the form of an ASIC (1) is rendered considerably cheaper for the user by arranging a plurality of different circuits thereupon. A plurality of specific customer circuits are accommodated on an ASIC (1) of high capacity and considerable costs are therefore saved in the course of production. In so doing, the space requirement (A to F) of each customer circuit is transferred individually to the ASIC (1), until its spatial utilisation capacity is reached, so that the prepared ASIC (1) can subsequently be produced in the course of further production.