Showing papers by "American Cancer Society published in 2023"

Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC statistics based on incidence from population-based cancer registries and mortality from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, approximately 153,020 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 52,550 will die from the disease, including 19,550 cases and 3750 deaths in individuals younger than 50 years. The decline in CRC incidence slowed from 3%–4% annually during the 2000s to 1% annually during 2011–2019, driven partly by an increase in individuals younger than 55 years of 1%–2% annually since the mid-1990s. Consequently, the proportion of cases among those younger than 55 years increased from 11% in 1995 to 20% in 2019. Incidence since circa 2010 increased in those younger than 65 years for regional-stage disease by about 2%–3% annually and for distant-stage disease by 0.5%–3% annually, reversing the overall shift to earlier stage diagnosis that occurred during 1995 through 2005. For example, 60% of all new cases were advanced in 2019 versus 52% in the mid-2000s and 57% in 1995, before widespread screening. There is also a shift to left-sided tumors, with the proportion of rectal cancer increasing from 27% in 1995 to 31% in 2019. CRC mortality declined by 2% annually from 2011–2020 overall but increased by 0.5%–3% annually in individuals younger than 50 years and in Native Americans younger than 65 years. In summary, despite continued overall declines, CRC is rapidly shifting to diagnosis at a younger age, at a more advanced stage, and in the left colon/rectum. Progress against CRC could be accelerated by uncovering the etiology of rising incidence in generations born since 1950 and increasing access to high-quality screening and treatment among all populations, especially Native Americans.

Data from Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test use in the United States, with a Focus on Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: <div>Abstract<p>We present national and state representative prevalence estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors, preventive behaviors and services, and screening, with a focus on changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, current smoking, physical inactivity, and heavy alcohol consumption declined, and human papillomavirus vaccination and stool testing for colorectal cancer screening uptake increased. In contrast, obesity prevalence increased, while fruit consumption and cervical cancer screening declined during the same timeframe. Favorable and unfavorable trends were evident during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic that must be monitored as more years of consistent data are collected. Yet disparities by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status persisted, highlighting the continued need for interventions to address suboptimal levels among these population subgroups.</p></div>

Data from Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test use in the United States, with a Focus on Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: <div>Abstract<p>We present national and state representative prevalence estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors, preventive behaviors and services, and screening, with a focus on changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, current smoking, physical inactivity, and heavy alcohol consumption declined, and human papillomavirus vaccination and stool testing for colorectal cancer screening uptake increased. In contrast, obesity prevalence increased, while fruit consumption and cervical cancer screening declined during the same timeframe. Favorable and unfavorable trends were evident during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic that must be monitored as more years of consistent data are collected. Yet disparities by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status persisted, highlighting the continued need for interventions to address suboptimal levels among these population subgroups.</p></div>

Data from Sugar- and Artificially-Sweetened Beverages and Cancer Mortality in a Large U.S. Prospective Cohort

Abstract: <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may be associated with cancer mortality independent of, or indirectly through, established influences on increased body adiposity.</p>Methods:<p>We examined the associations of SSBs and artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) with mortality from all-cancers combined, obesity-related cancers combined, and 20 cancer types, among men and women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) prospective cohort. In 1982, 934,777 cancer-free participants provided information on usual SSB and ASB consumption. Deaths were identified through 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models examined associations of beverage types with cancer mortality, without and with BMI adjustment.</p>Results:<p>During follow-up, 135,093 CPS-II participants died from cancer. Consumption of ≥2 SSB drinks/day vs. never was not associated with all-cancer mortality, but was associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancers [HR, 1.05; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.01–1.08; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.057], which became null after adjustment for BMI. SSBs were associated with increased mortality from colorectal (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.011), and kidney (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.34; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.056) cancers, which remained after BMI adjustment. A positive association of ASB consumption with obesity-related cancers (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.001) was null after controlling for BMI; however, an increased risk of pancreatic cancer was robust to BMI adjustment (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.20; <i>P</i>_trend < 0.008).</p>Conclusions:<p>SSB consumption was associated with higher mortality from certain cancers, partially mediated through obesity. Associations of ASB consumption and increased pancreatic cancer risk merit further study.</p>Impact:<p>Future research should consider the role of BMI in studies of sweetened beverages and cancer risk. These results should inform policy regarding sweetened beverage consumption.</p></div>

Data from Sugar- and Artificially-Sweetened Beverages and Cancer Mortality in a Large U.S. Prospective Cohort

Abstract: <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may be associated with cancer mortality independent of, or indirectly through, established influences on increased body adiposity.</p>Methods:<p>We examined the associations of SSBs and artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) with mortality from all-cancers combined, obesity-related cancers combined, and 20 cancer types, among men and women in the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) prospective cohort. In 1982, 934,777 cancer-free participants provided information on usual SSB and ASB consumption. Deaths were identified through 2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models examined associations of beverage types with cancer mortality, without and with BMI adjustment.</p>Results:<p>During follow-up, 135,093 CPS-II participants died from cancer. Consumption of ≥2 SSB drinks/day vs. never was not associated with all-cancer mortality, but was associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancers [HR, 1.05; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.01–1.08; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.057], which became null after adjustment for BMI. SSBs were associated with increased mortality from colorectal (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.17; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.011), and kidney (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03–1.34; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.056) cancers, which remained after BMI adjustment. A positive association of ASB consumption with obesity-related cancers (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08; <i>P</i>_trend = 0.001) was null after controlling for BMI; however, an increased risk of pancreatic cancer was robust to BMI adjustment (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.20; <i>P</i>_trend < 0.008).</p>Conclusions:<p>SSB consumption was associated with higher mortality from certain cancers, partially mediated through obesity. Associations of ASB consumption and increased pancreatic cancer risk merit further study.</p>Impact:<p>Future research should consider the role of BMI in studies of sweetened beverages and cancer risk. These results should inform policy regarding sweetened beverage consumption.</p></div>

Data from Recent Mortality Patterns and Time Trends for the Major Cancers in 47 Countries Worldwide

Abstract: <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Herein, we examine recent patterns and trends in cancer mortality rates for the eight common forms of cancer in 47 countries across five continents (except Africa) based on the World Health Organization mortality database.</p>Methods:<p>Rates were age-standardized to the 1966 Segi-Doll world population, and trends in the age-standardized rates for the most recent 10 years of data were examined using Joinpoint regression.</p>Results:<p>Cancer-specific mortality rates vary substantially across countries, with rates of infection-related (cervix and stomach) and tobacco-related cancers (lung and esophagus) varying by 10-fold. Recent mortality rates for all major cancers decreased in most of the studied countries except lung cancer in females and liver cancer in males, where increasing rates were observed in most countries. Rates decreased or stabilized in all countries for lung cancer in men and stomach cancer in both sexes.</p>Conclusions:<p>The findings reinforce the importance of implementing and strengthening resource-stratified and targeted cancer prevention and control programs in all parts of the world to further reduce or halt the rising cancer burden.</p>Impact:<p>The results may inform cancer prevention and treatment strategies and in so doing, reduce the marked global cancer disparities observed today.</p></div>

Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test use in the United States, with a Focus on Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: Abstract We present national and state representative prevalence estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors, preventive behaviors and services, and screening, with a focus on changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, current smoking, physical inactivity, and heavy alcohol consumption declined, and human papillomavirus vaccination and stool testing for colorectal cancer screening uptake increased. In contrast, obesity prevalence increased, while fruit consumption and cervical cancer screening declined during the same timeframe. Favorable and unfavorable trends were evident during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic that must be monitored as more years of consistent data are collected. Yet disparities by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status persisted, highlighting the continued need for interventions to address suboptimal levels among these population subgroups.

Climate Change and Cancer

Abstract: Abstract Climate change, the greatest threat to human health of our time, has implications for cancer control efforts throughout the cancer care continuum. The direct and indirect impacts of climate change on cancer risk, access to care, and outcomes are numerous and compounding, yet many oncology professionals might not be familiar with the strong connection between climate change and cancer. Thus, to increase awareness of this topic among cancer researchers, practitioners, and other professionals, this commentary discusses the links between climate change and cancer prevention and control, provides examples of adaptation and mitigation efforts, and describes opportunities and resources for future research. See related article by xxxx, p. xxxx

Data from Recent Mortality Patterns and Time Trends for the Major Cancers in 47 Countries Worldwide

Abstract: <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Herein, we examine recent patterns and trends in cancer mortality rates for the eight common forms of cancer in 47 countries across five continents (except Africa) based on the World Health Organization mortality database.</p>Methods:<p>Rates were age-standardized to the 1966 Segi-Doll world population, and trends in the age-standardized rates for the most recent 10 years of data were examined using Joinpoint regression.</p>Results:<p>Cancer-specific mortality rates vary substantially across countries, with rates of infection-related (cervix and stomach) and tobacco-related cancers (lung and esophagus) varying by 10-fold. Recent mortality rates for all major cancers decreased in most of the studied countries except lung cancer in females and liver cancer in males, where increasing rates were observed in most countries. Rates decreased or stabilized in all countries for lung cancer in men and stomach cancer in both sexes.</p>Conclusions:<p>The findings reinforce the importance of implementing and strengthening resource-stratified and targeted cancer prevention and control programs in all parts of the world to further reduce or halt the rising cancer burden.</p>Impact:<p>The results may inform cancer prevention and treatment strategies and in so doing, reduce the marked global cancer disparities observed today.</p></div>

Data from Updated Review of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test use in the United States, with a Focus on Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: <div>Abstract<p>We present national and state representative prevalence estimates of modifiable cancer risk factors, preventive behaviors and services, and screening, with a focus on changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between 2019 and 2021, current smoking, physical inactivity, and heavy alcohol consumption declined, and human papillomavirus vaccination and stool testing for colorectal cancer screening uptake increased. In contrast, obesity prevalence increased, while fruit consumption and cervical cancer screening declined during the same timeframe. Favorable and unfavorable trends were evident during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic that must be monitored as more years of consistent data are collected. Yet disparities by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic status persisted, highlighting the continued need for interventions to address suboptimal levels among these population subgroups.</p></div>

Data from Recent Mortality Patterns and Time Trends for the Major Cancers in 47 Countries Worldwide

Abstract: <div>AbstractBackground:<p>Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Herein, we examine recent patterns and trends in cancer mortality rates for the eight common forms of cancer in 47 countries across five continents (except Africa) based on the World Health Organization mortality database.</p>Methods:<p>Rates were age-standardized to the 1966 Segi-Doll world population, and trends in the age-standardized rates for the most recent 10 years of data were examined using Joinpoint regression.</p>Results:<p>Cancer-specific mortality rates vary substantially across countries, with rates of infection-related (cervix and stomach) and tobacco-related cancers (lung and esophagus) varying by 10-fold. Recent mortality rates for all major cancers decreased in most of the studied countries except lung cancer in females and liver cancer in males, where increasing rates were observed in most countries. Rates decreased or stabilized in all countries for lung cancer in men and stomach cancer in both sexes.</p>Conclusions:<p>The findings reinforce the importance of implementing and strengthening resource-stratified and targeted cancer prevention and control programs in all parts of the world to further reduce or halt the rising cancer burden.</p>Impact:<p>The results may inform cancer prevention and treatment strategies and in so doing, reduce the marked global cancer disparities observed today.</p></div>