Showing papers by "Barts Health NHS Trust published in 1996"
TL;DR: Health professionals seeing primary schoolchildren who present with headaches, tummy ache, feeling sad or very sad, bed wetting, and sleeping difficulties should consider bullying as a possible contributory factor.
Abstract: Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of bullying in primary school children and to examine its association with common symptoms in childhood. Design: Semistructured health interview conducted by school nurses as part of a school medical. Setting: Newham, east London. Subjects: All children in year 4 of school during the academic year 1992-93. Main outcome measures: Reported bullying and common health symptoms. Results: 2962 children (93.1% of those on the school roll) were interviewed (ages 7.6 to 10.0 years). Information about bullying was not recorded for 114 children. 22.4% (95% confidence interval 20.9 to 24.0) of children for whom information was available reported that they had been bullied. There was an association between children reporting being bullied sometimes or more often and reporting not sleeping well (odds ratio 3.6, 2.5 to 5.2), bed wetting (1.7, 1.3 to 2.4), feeling sad (3.6, 1.9 to 6.8), and experiencing more than occasional headaches (2.4, 1.8 to 3.4) and tummy aches (2.4, 1.8 to 3.3). A significant trend for increasing risk of symptoms with increased frequency of bullying was shown for all reported health symptoms (P Conclusions: Health professionals seeing primary schoolchildren who present with headaches, tummy ache, feeling sad or very sad, bed wetting, and sleeping difficulties should consider bullying as a possible contributory factor. Key messages Many children report having frequent headaches or tummy aches, that they sleep poorly, wet the bed, or feel sad Children who report these symptoms also report being bullied substantially more often than do their peers Although it is not clear whether the association is causal, health professionals seeing such children should ask about bullying
441 citations
TL;DR: The increased risk to twins of cerebral palsy is not entirely explained by their increased risk of prematurity and low birthweight, but after adjusting for reduced birthweight of twins it was the relative risk of twins weighing less than 1400 g that was significantly increased.
Abstract: AIMS: To determine the effects of birthweight and gestational age on the risk of cerebral palsy for multiple and singleton births METHODS: Children on the North East Thames Regional Health Authority Interactive Child Health System, born between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 1986, and notified as having cerebral palsy, were included Cases of postneonatal onset, of known progressive, or non-cerebral pathology and with only mild signs were excluded Rates and relative risks were calculated using the most complete data, which related to 1985-86, and comprised 102,059 singletons and 2367 twins Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between being a twin, gestational age, and birthweight RESULTS: The crude rate per 1000 survivors at 1 year of age was 10 in singletons and 74 in twins The relative risk was greatest in twins weighing more than 2499 g (45) However, after adjusting for reduced birthweight of twins it was the relative risk of twins weighing less than 1400 g that was significantly increased Logistic regression confirmed that lower fetal growth, lower gestational age, and being a twin are all independent risk factors for cerebral palsy CONCLUSION: The increased risk to twins of cerebral palsy is not entirely explained by their increased risk of prematurity and low birthweight
79 citations