Showing papers by "Gadjah Mada University published in 1983"

Bacteria, parasitic agents and rotaviruses associated with acute diarrhoea in hospital in-patient Indonesian children.

Abstract: Faeces from children (aged from one month to 12 years) with acute diarrhoea admitted to hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June 1978 to June 1979, were examined for the presence of enteric pathogens. One or more recognized enteropathogens were identified in 56% of children. Rotaviruses were identified in 38% of all children. Toxigenic coliforms (predominantly Escherichia coli) were isolated from 12% of children. Salmonella sp. (6%), Shigella sp. (4%) and enteropathogenic parasites (predominantly Trichuris trichiura) from 3.5% of children. Mixed infections with two or more enteric pathogens were found in 7.6% of children. The incidence rate of each pathogen was correlated with age of the child, socio-economic level of the family and duration of breast feeding. Toxigenic coliforms were equally common in all age groups from both well-to-do and poor families. Enteropathogenic parasites appeared in increasing frequency with age. They were more common in artificially fed children and in children from families of low socio-economic level. The occurrence of multiple infection with mixtures of enteric pathogens increased with increasing age. Mixtures of parasites and other enteric pathogens only occurred in children with acute diarrhoea. These results provide baseline data about the relative importance of different enteropathogens in Indonesian children.

Child Mortality in a Rural Javanese Village: A Prospective Study

Abstract: Mortality in the first two years of life was studied in a cohort of 510 children born in a rural Javanese village. Lower risk of death was associated with younger maternal age, maternal schooling, ownership of a well, smaller sibship, longer gap between child and next oldest sibling and, in particular, with good nutritional status. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and immunizable diseases accounted for over half the deaths, with malnutrition contributing to most. A primary health care programme focusing on malnutrition, immunization and early treatment for diarrhoea and pneumonia could reduce mortality by half or more in this population.

Studi arkeometalurgi dalam disiplin arkeologi

Abstract: Di dalam usaha merekonstruksi kehidupan masa lampau, tugas kita bukan semata-mata menguraikan serangkaian peristiwa yang abstrak dan terlepas-lepas Masa lampau yang akan kita susun kembali terdiri dari kehidupan perorangan yang tergabung dan membentuk suatu peristiwa Kehidupan masa lampau sangat kompleks; untuk menyusunnya kembali kita hanya punya data arkeologi yang kurang lengkap sebab data tersebut sampai ke tangan kita sudah, mengalami proses pemindahan yang bermacam-macam Proses pemindahan kebudayaan ini kemudian melahirkan studi "taphonomy" (Gifford1981) Jangkauan ilmu arkeologi seperti telah disebut telah menyebabkan ilmu arkeologi dalam perkembangannya memerlukan kerja sama dengan ilmu lain Salah satu yang menjadi pokok pembicaraan dalam makalah ini adalah metalurgi

Catatan singkat mengenai cincin bertulisan sramana

Abstract: Dalam tulisan singkat ini akan dibicarakan sebuah cincin yang menarik perhatian karena keunikan serta nilai kekunaannya. Keunikan cincin terletak pada tulisan berhuruf Jawa kuna di permukaannya yang berbunyi Sramana. Sampai saat ini sepanjang pengetahuan penulis baru cincin yang akan dibahas inilah satu-satunya contoh cincin peninggalan masa Indonesia Hindu yang memiliki tulisan semacam itu. Oleh sebab itu benda kecil tersebut memang pantas untuk dibahas dan dipublikasikan sebagai tambahan data arkeologis masa Indonesia Hindu.