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Showing papers by "Kaiser Aluminum published in 1958"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aqueous extracts from red lead and basic lead carbonate have lower pH, do not deposit metallic lead on aluminum, and are much less corrosive to aluminum due to their initially high pH and to the galvanic corrosion resulting from lead deposition on the aluminum.
Abstract: Aqueous extracts from metallic lead and litharge are corrosive to aluminum due to their initially high pH and to the galvanic corrosion resulting from lead deposition on the aluminum. Aqueous extracts from red lead and basic lead carbonate have lower pH, do not deposit metallic lead on aluminum, and are much less corrosive. Aqueous extracts from lead linoleate, lead ricinoleate, and lead laurate inhibit the corrosion of aluminum and the galvanic corrosion of aluminum coupled to lead. Inhibition is believed to be due to the adsorption of fatty acid anions on the oxide covered aluminum surface. Since the diameter of the fatty acid anions is large, the electric fields accelerating aluminum ions from the metal through the oxide film are very weak. Consequently the corrosion of aluminum in lead soaps is prevented. Inhibition by lead soaps is easily broken down by the simultaneous presence of small quantities of chloride ions.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1958-JOM
TL;DR: In this article, the resistance of a plastic refractory to molten aluminum is determined by the uncalcined clay content of the refractories and the phase changes it goes through on firing.
Abstract: Resistance of a plastic refractory to molten aluminum is determined by the uncalcined clay content of the refractory and the phase changes it goes through on firing.

4 citations


DOI
M. J. Pryor1
01 Aug 1958
TL;DR: A model of an aluminum electrode covered with a thin continuous oxide film is suggested in this paper, where the model has been applied to the corrosion of aluminum in sodium halide solutions where corrosion rate progressively increases with decreasing atomic number and anion radius.
Abstract: A model of an aluminum electrode covered with a thin continuous oxide film is suggested Anions and cations adsorbed on the oxide generate strong electrostatic fields across it Anion adsorption produces electric fields attracting aluminum ions across the oxide whereas cation adsorption attracts electrons The anion field strength depends on the anion diameter, valency and is inversely proportional to film thickness The rate of aluminum ion migration under the influence of the adsorption field is an exponential function of the field strength and also depends on the defect structure of the oxide The model has been applied to the corrosion of aluminum in sodium halide solutions where corrosion rate progressively increases with decreasing atomic number and anion radius The anion radius also determines the value of constants in the inverse logarithmic growth law obeyed during oxidation of initially film-free aluminum in these solutions The model assists in explaining inhibition of the corrosion of aluminum by lead soaps and by neutral chromate solutions Fatty acid anions have large limiting areas per ion and generate only weak fields accelerating aluminum ions through any pre-existing film Furthermore, very high energy is required for transport of aluminum ions through an adsorbed layer of fatty acid anions Therefore in the absence of small anions such as chloride they inhibit corrosion On initially film-free aluminum thin oxide films are formed by the anodic discharge of fatty acid anions Small divalent chromate ions produce strong electric fields across any preexisting oxide film Since chromate ions and aluminum ions react at an oxide-solution interface to form γAl2O3, these films thicken to greater values than those observed in dry air The limiting film thickness is strongly pH dependant, being greatest at pH = 60, and is not significantly affected by small concentrations of chloride Es wird ein Modell fur eine mit einer zusammenhangenden dunnen Oxydschicht bedeckten Aluminiumelektrode vorgeschlagen Anionen und Kationen sind auf der Oberflache der Oxydschicht adsorbiert und erzeugen in der Schicht starke elektrische Felder Diese begunstigen im Falle von Anionenadsorption den Durchtritt von Aluminiumionen, im Falle von Kationenadsorption den Durchtritt von Elektronen durch das Oxyd Die Starke des von den adsorbierten Anionen erzeugten Feldes hangt vom Anionendurchmesser und der Wertigkeit ab Sie ist umgekehrt proportional der Schichtdicke Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Aluminiumionen unter dem Einflus des Adsorptionsfeldes wandern, hangt exponentiell von der Fehlordnung des Oxyds ab Die Modellvorstellung wird auf die Korrosion des Aluminiums in Natriumhalogenidlosungen angewandt, wo die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit zunehmend mit fallender Ordnungszahl und fallendem Anionenradius ansteigt Der Anionenradius bestimmt auch die Werte der Konstanten in dem reziprok-logarithmischen Gesetz, welches in diesen Losungen fur das Schichtwachstum wahrend der Oxydation des anfanglich schichtfreien Aluminiums gilt Das Modell macht es verstandlich, weshalb Bleiseifen und neutrale Chromatlosungen die Korrosion hemmen Fettsaureanionen besitzen eine grose Oberflache und erzeugen nur schwache Felder, die den Transport der Aluminiumionen durch eine von vornherein bestehende Schicht beschleunigen Weiterhin ist eine sehr hohe Energie erforderlich, um die Aluminiumionen durch eine adsorbierte Schicht von Fettsaureanionen zu transportieren Deshalb hemmen sie bei Abwesenheit kleiner Anionen, wie z B Chlorionen, die Korrosion Auf anfanglich schichtfreiem Aluminium werden dunne Oxydschichten durch die anodische Entladung von Fettsaureanionen gebildet Kleine zweiwertige Chromationen rufen in jeder von vornherein vorhandenen Oxydschicht starke elektrische Felder hervor Da Chromationen mit Aluminiumionen an der Phasengrenze Oxyd/Losung unter Bildung von γ-Al2O3 reagieren, wachsen diese Schichten zu groseren Dicken an als in trockener Luft Die Enddicke hangt dabei stark vom pH-Wert ab, sie ist am grosten bei pH = 6 und wird nicht wesentlich von geringen Konzentrationen gleichzeitig anwesender Chlorionen beeinflust

3 citations