Showing papers by "Long Island University published in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, it was found that isopropanol is produced by reduction of acetone at pH 7.3 (to a lesser extent at pH 8.8), providing evidence for an alternate metabolic route for acetone.
Abstract: Concomitant findings of isopropanol and acetone in biospecimens of decedents known not to have been exposed to the alcohol prompted a study to explain its origins. Mixtures of acetone, ADH, and NADH at pHs 7.3 and 8.8 were incubated at 37 degrees C for varying intervals. Reaction products were then analyzed by headspace GC and assured identification made by GC/MS. It was found that isopropanol is produced by reduction of acetone at pH 7.3 (to a lesser extent at pH 8.8), providing evidence for an alternate metabolic route for acetone. A mechanism for this reduction is proposed. Ranges for isopropanol (in mg/dL or mg/100 g) found in unexposed decedents were: blood 1-29; liver 7-59; brain 2-12; kidney 6-26. Thus, the forensic investigator must interpret isopropanol results cautiously, particularly when low concentrations are found.
58 citations
52 citations
TL;DR: For example, during a sequence of science content courses designed for elementary teachers, anxiety about teaching science as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was reduced as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: During a sequence of science content courses designed for elementary teachers, anxiety about teaching science as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was reduced. Each study: 1977–; 1978, 1978–; 1979, 1979–; 1980, and 1980–; 1981, was a separate descriptive study. The overall patterns were similar in all four years. Initial anxiety about teaching science was high and changed in a positive direction in all studies. Variations from year to year were attributed to staffing arrangements, grading practices and course sequences. Both the X and Y forms of the STAI were used. There appears to be a high degree of relationship between them, but the Y form was preferable because it is more reflective of anxiety than depression and has better psychometric properties.
49 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1984TL;DR: Borden reveals the ways in which many mainstream Protestants worked to maintain preferential treatment for Christians in common law, state constitutions, and federal practices, even attempting through interpretation and amendment to alter the meaning of the U.S. Constitution.
Abstract: Borden reveals the ways in which many mainstream Protestants worked to maintain preferential treatment for Christians in common law, state constitutions, and federal practices, even attempting through interpretation and amendment to alter the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. Even though religious freedom was guaranteed by the constitution in 1788, it took the sustained efforts of vigilant Jews during the nineteenth century to fulfill the constitution's promise of religious equality.Originally published in 1984.A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
20 citations
TL;DR: All the metric subgraphs of M and N are determined, which are equal respectively to the city block and chessboard matrics used in pattern recognition.
16 citations
TL;DR: A Long Island, New York population of the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod initiated antifreeze glycopeptide production in late fall (water temperatures were about 10°C) as mentioned in this paper.
16 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The number of molecules required for the completion of a monolayer will be considered in this chapter and the adsorbate cross-sectional area will be discussed in Chapter 6.
Abstract: The success of kinetic theories directed toward the measurements of surface areas depends upon their ability to predict the number of adsorbate molecules required to exactly cover the solid with a single molecular layer. Equally important is the cross-sectional area of each molecule or the effective area covered by each adsorbed molecule on the surface. The surface area then, is the product of the number of molecules in a completed monolayer and the effective cross-sectional area of an adsorbate molecule. The number of molecules required for the completion of a monolayer will be considered in this chapter and the adsorbate cross-sectional area will be discussed in Chapter 6.
12 citations
TL;DR: The enzyme encoded by the chimeric plasmid was established as yeast dihydrofolate reductase by its sensitivity to antifolates in vivo through growth studies and in vitro by enzyme assay.
Abstract: The dihydrofolate reductase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated by selection of trimethoprim resistant Escherichia coli transformed with a gene bank of yeast DNA in plasmid pBR322. From 9.2 kilobase pair BamHI DNA fragment this gene has been localized to a 1.76 kb fragment, the restriction map of which appears different from those reported for the E. coli and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase genes. The enzyme encoded by the chimeric plasmid was established as yeast dihydrofolate reductase by its sensitivity to antifolates in vivo through growth studies and in vitro by enzyme assay. Since, the expression of this gene occurs independent of its orientation within the chimeric plasmid, the 1.76 kb fragment may contain functional regulatory sequences in addition to the structural sequences for yeast dihydrofolate reductase.
11 citations
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: The experimental method employed in mercury porosimetry, discussed more extensively in Chapter 20, involves the evacuation of all gas from the volume containing the sample, then transferred into the sample container while under vacuum as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The experimental method employed in mercury porosimetry, discussed more extensively in Chapter 20, involves the evacuation of all gas from the volume containing the sample. Mercury is then transferred into the sample container while under vacuum. Finally, pressure is applied to force mercury into the interparticle voids and intraparticle pores. A means of monitoring both the applied pressure and the intruded volume are integral parts of all mercury porosimeters.
9 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: A correlation between the in vitro release of indomethacin and the in vivo absorption was found; also, a correlation betweenThe in vivo release pattern of the bases used and theIn vivo data reported in the literature was observed.
Abstract: The in vitro release of indomethacin from 1%, 3%, and 5% indomethacin ointments and its in vivo absorption through the skin of rabbits was investigated. The in vitro release of indomethacin followed zero-order kinetics and was better from an absorption base ointment. No significant differences (F=3.047 and P=0.079 for the absorption base) and (F=2.15 and P=0.14 for the hydrophilic base) in the release rate of indomethacin in 1%, 3%, and 5% indomethacin ointments were observed. Indomethacin was most effectively absorbed from absorption ointment bases. A correlation between the in vitro release and the in vivo absorption was found; also, a correlation between the in vivo release pattern of the bases used and the in vivo data reported in the literature was observed.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed the single point method to solve the problem of linear plots of 1/W versus P/P 0 with a finite intercept, which offers the advantages of simplicity and speed often with little loss in accuracy.
Abstract: The BET theory requires that a plot of 1/W [(P 0/P) — 1] versus P/P 0 be linear with a finite intercept [see equation (4.38) and Fig. 4.1]. By reducing the experimental requirement to only one data point, the single point method offers the advantages of simplicity and speed often with little loss in accuracy.
TL;DR: In this paper, students in geology and earth science courses were not anxious about taking these courses as measured by the State-Triat Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the results showed that students whose grades were in the higher group had low anxiety, which continued to be reduced during the course.
Abstract: Students in geology and earth science courses were not anxious about taking these courses as measured by the State-Triat Anxiety Inventory. Students in each course were split into two grade groups. It was shown that students whose grades were in the higher group had low anxiety, which continued to be reduced during the course. Students in the lower grade group had high anxiety, which increased during the course. There was no difference between anxiety scores of males and females. In general, students who planned to elect additional courses had lower state anxiety and higher grades than students who did not plan to elect additional courses in geology and earth science.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a microcomputer controlled electrical calibration system to determine the enthalpy of three simple mono-unsaturated hydrocarbons and found that the total uncertainty at the 95% confidence level for determination of the hydrogenation of these compounds is somewhat less than 1kJ·mol−1.
Abstract: The heats (enthalpies) of hydrogenation of three simple mono-unsaturated hydrocarbons have been determined using a new microcomputer controlled electrical calibration system. Results agree with selected (“best”) literature values to within an arithmetic mean absolute deviation of 0.32 kJ·mol−1. We believe that the total uncertainty at the 95% confidence level for determination of the enthalpy of hydrogenation of these compounds is somewhat less than 1kJ·mol−1.
TL;DR: A framework for software evaluation is presented to help teachers evaluate and select appropriate software for use in the classroom.
Abstract: A microcomputer's worth as a teaching aid depends on the teacher's ability to evaluate and select appropriate software. Here is a framework for software evaluation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors generalize the classical interpolation formula for Boolean functions of n variables, and derive a characterization of all interpolating systems with 2n elements, which is intimately related to the solution of linear Boolean equations.
TL;DR: In this paper, three albino rats were exposed to concurrent schedules in which reinforcement could be obtained if a particular lever-holding duration was met or exceeded, and the criterion duration was systematically increased on one lever through values of 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 sec.
Abstract: Three albino rats were exposed to concurrent schedules in which reinforcement could be obtained if a particular lever-holding duration was met or exceeded. The criterion duration was systematically increased on one lever through values of 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 sec, while remaining constant at 1.6 sec on the other lever. All animals demonstrated the ability to make temporal discriminations on both levers with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Changes in criterion duration were found to affect primarily the bias term of the logarithmic matching function.
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Cumulative volume curves generated by intruding mercury into porous samples are not followed as the pressure is lowered and mercury extrudes out of the pores, indicating that some mercury is entrapped in the pores.
Abstract: Cumulative volume curves generated by intruding mercury into porous samples are not followed as the pressure is lowered and mercury extrudes out of the pores. In all cases, the depressurization curve lies above the pressurization curve and the hysteresis loop does not close even when the pressure is returned to zero, indicating that some mercury is entrapped in the pores. Usually after the sample has been subjected to a first pressurization— depressurization cycle, no additional entrapment occurs during subsequent cycles. In some cases, however, a third or even fourth cycle is required before entrapment ceases.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sample interval and temporal trends on spectral analysis has been examined and it has been shown that a sample interval of 0.25 cycles per sample, rather than the 0.5 cycles at the Nyquist f requency, is a more prudent sample interval for geologic data.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the exigencies of the Italyian crusades led to notable advances in papal finance in the per iod 1 2 5 4 1 3 4 3.
Abstract: prest ige w a s the fa i lu re of the popes to main ta in author i ty in Italy. T h e a u t h o r is correct in insisting that these crusades must be ranked alongside those to the East as an integral and impor tan t par t of the crusading movement . Hous ley 's conclusion in regard to finances is of par t icu lar significance. Evidence indicates that it w a s the exigencies of the Ital ian crusades w h i c h led to m a n y notable advances m a d e in papal finance in the per iod 1 2 5 4 1 3 4 3 . In o ther w o r d s , these crusades "furnished the requi red just i f icat ion for the papacy to extend its financial g r ip on the C h u r c h " (p. 2 5 6 ) .
TL;DR: The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase has been isolated from numerous sources and very little information exists on this enzyme from the lower eucaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, so a selective procedure using a folate analogue, trimethoprim, that discriminated the yeast enzymes from the enzyme in E. coli is established.
Abstract: The enzyme dihydrofolate reductase has been isolated from numerous sources (Escherichia coli. Laciobacillus casei. and other procaryotes; sheep, rat, bovine, and other higher eucaryotes). In all cases, it has been found to be a single polypeptide of about 20,000 molecular weight with a highly conserved catalytic site.’ However, very little information exists on this enzyme from the lower eucaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have cloned the S. cerevisiae dihydrofolate reductase gene in E. coli.* For this we had to establish a selective procedure using a folate analogue, trimethoprim, that discriminated the yeast enzyme from the enzyme in E. coli. As summarized in TABLE
TL;DR: Orientation discriminations were measured with a 3-8-cpd sinusoidal grating stimulus and a yes-no signal-detection procedure and showed that such discriminations are independent of light-adaptation conditions and of intertrial interval but strongly influenced by the orientation where measurements are made.
Abstract: Orientation discriminations were measured with a 3.8-cpd sinusoidal grating stimulus and a yes-no signal-detection procedure. Analysis showed that such discriminations are independent of light-adaptation conditions and of intertrial interval over the 2- to 8-sec. range of values explored. However, they are strongly influenced by the orientation where measurements are made (the "oblique effect").
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: Using the BET equation to determine Wm, the monolayer weight, and with reasonable estimates of the adsorbate cross-sectional area, A, the total sample surface area, St, in square meters, can be calculated from equation (4.13) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Using the BET equation to determine Wm, the monolayer weight, and with reasonable estimates of the adsorbate cross-sectional area, A, the total sample surface area, St, in square meters, can be calculated from equation (4.13),
$$ {S_{t}} = \frac{{{W_{m}}\bar{N}A}}{{\bar{M}}}x{10^{{ - 20}}}{m^{2}} $$
(1)
with Wm in grams, \( {\bar M} \) is the adsorbate molecular weight, \( {\bar N} \) is Avogadro’s number (6.02 × 1023 molecules per mole) and A in square angstroms per molecule. Division by the sample weight converts St to S, the specific surface area.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the general concept of lattice repleteness and apply their general results on lattices in topological spaces, in particular, to analytic spaces.
TL;DR: This study appears to indicate that in the rat, cholinergic mechanisms exert a weak inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion under conditions of dopamine blockade, independent of any effect of haloperidol metabolism.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived the variance of the logarithm of the likelihood ratio, a commonly used measure of bias in signal detection theory, for the case of an unbiased observer and two underlying normal distributions of equal variance.
Abstract: The variance of the logarithm of the likelihood ratio, a commonly used measure of bias in signal detection theory, is derived for the case of an unbiased observer and two underlying normal distributions of equal variance. This variance increases with d’ (the subject’s sensitivity to the two stimuli involved in the discrimination). Accordingly, increased deviation of the In (LR) sample mean from a true mean of zero can be anticipated as signal level increases even when bias and sensitivity are essentially independent.