Showing papers by "Nalco Holding Company published in 1976"

Formulation and application of compositions for the detackification of paint spray booth wastes

Abstract: Water used to wash the air in paint or lacquer spray booths in order to remove over-sprayed paint or lacquer is treated with a blend of a terpolymer containing 5-40% by weight of diallyl dimethyl ammonium halide, 5-75% by weight of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 10-60% by weight of acrylamide, and a water-soluble salt of an amphoteric metal to reduce the tackiness of paint and lacquer solids and thereby reduce the tendency of over-sprayed paints and lacquers to adhere to walls, ceilings and floors of said spray booths and also to condition the paint and lacquer solids removed with the water so that they can be separated and the water recycled for further use in washing the air in the spray booth.

Apparatus for dissolving water soluble polymers and gums in water

Abstract: Water soluble vinyl addition polymers and gums are rapidly dissolved in water by first dispersing these polymers or gums into a water-in-oil emulsion, then mixing the water-in-oil emulsion with water, preferably in the presence of a surfactant, and inverting the emulsion by passing a confined stream of the resultant mixture in a tortuous path to produce turbulence so that the water soluble addition polymer or gum is released into the water as a solution.

Phospha-alumina gel and method of preparation

Abstract: A novel phospha-alumina gel having a large average pore diameter and a characteristic pore volume distribution is prepared by co-precipitation of aluminum and phosphorus compounds. The gel is then dried, formed and calcined to give a material having a large average pore diameter of at least 100 A and a characteristic pore volume distribution with a minimum number of small pores, such that less than 30% of the total pore volume is in pores smaller than 100 A in diameter. Such material is especially useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst support.

Process for resolving oil-in-water emulsions by the use of a cationic polymer and the water soluble salt of an amphoteric metal

Abstract: 2.0 to 20,000 ppm of a composition comprising 15-50% by weight of a water soluble salt of an amphoteric metal and from 1.0 to 15% by weight of a water soluble cationic vinyl addition terpolymer said terpolymer containing prior to polymerization 5-40% by weight of a diallyl dimethyl ammonium halide, 5-75% by weight N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 10-60% by weight of acrylamide or methacrylamide has been found to be an effective oil-in-water emulsion breaker. The above composition when added to the oily waste water will neutralize the negatively charged water particles and form an easily recoverable floc containing the oil.

Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide latices for secondary oil recovery

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from subterranean oil-bearing formations which entails the use of a water treating medium. The water treating medium comprises an acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer formed by hydrolyzing a water-in-oil emulsion containing from 2-75% by weight of finely divided acrylamide polymer to the extent that between 0.8 and about 67% of the amide groups originally present in the acrylamide polymer are converted into carboxyl groups.

Substituted succinic acid compounds and their use as chelants

Abstract: Substituted succinic acids and salts thereof having the formula: ##STR1## where R is H or ##STR2## and M is H, alkali metal, or an amine, are useful as chelants and stabilizers for heavy metal ions.

Color removal process

Abstract: Color is removed from paper mill waste waters by treatment with a cationic water soluble polyamine having an average molecular weight of at least 300 at a pH of 2 to 5, preferably 2.5 to 3.5, followed by precipitation with a water soluble anionic or non-ionic organic polymer having an average molecular weight of at least 10,000.

Method for the concentration of water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl addition polymers

Abstract: A method for the concentration of water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl addition polymers is disclosed. The process involves distilling the water-in-oil emulsion of the water soluble vinyl addition polymer under a vacuum while maintaining the water-oil phase ratio substantially equal to the starting latex. Maintaining this ratio allows latices of this type to be concentrated to as high as 70% by weight polymer.

Method for neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units using an alkoxyalkylamine

Abstract: A method of neutralizing acidic components in petroleum refining units in which distillation is taking place, which method comprises adding a compound corresponding to Formula I below either alone or in combination with a film-forming amine to the petroleum product being distilled: Formula I r--o--(ch.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2 wherein n is 2 or 3 and R is a lower alkyl radical of not more than 4 carbon atoms.

Feed forward control of dissolved solids in a countercurrent separation and washing zone

Abstract: A technique for controlling the amount of dissolved material in a slurry liquid stream containing dispersed particulate solids which is being continuously processed in a zone of countercurrent particulate solids separation and washing. Flow rates and conductivity measurements are made on streams entering such zone which are then used to estimate the amount of dissolved material in a starting slurry liquid. Preferably, conductivity measurements are made with electrodeless conductivity measuring probes. The technique is well adapted for use in a brown stock washing system employing a plurality of counterflow washers. The technique can be used for measurement of the quantity of gas in an agitated process stream in such a zone.

Process for the preparation of water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers are prepared by: A. forming an emulsion comprising: 1. 30-95% by weight of an aqueous phase consisting of water and a water soluble vinyl addition monomer containing from 1.0-70.0% by weight of a water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid monomer based on the weight of the monomer; 2. 5-70% by weight of a hydrophobic oil; 3. 0.1-21% by weight of a water-in-oil emulsifying agent; B. polymerizing said emulsion under free radical forming conditions; and then, C. recovering a water-in-oil emulsion of a water soluble vinyl carboxylic acid polymer. The improvement comprising adjusting the pH of the aqueous phase prior to polymerization to a pH of 4.5-8.0.

Process for reducing BOD in food processing plant wastes

Abstract: A process for reducing BOD in aqueous food processing plant wastes which comprises subjecting such wastes to the following series of sequential steps: A. adjusting the pH of the waste to 3 or less to form finely divided suspended particles; B. readjusting the pH of the waste with sodium aluminate to a value within the range of 6-7.5; C. flocculating the particles with an anionic acrylamide polymer; and then D. removing and collecting the flocculated particles from the food processing plant wastes.

Preparation of aqueous silica sols free of alkali metal oxides

Abstract: A process for preparing silica sols substantially free of alkali metal ions which comprises A. adding to a boiling aqueous solution of a lower alkanol amine a 2-10% by weight aqueous solution of silicic acid, the mole ratio of SiO 2 to lower alkanol amine being in the range of from 1:1 to 100:1; B. evaporating water during the addition of the silicic acid to the aqueous solution of the lower alkanol amine so as to maintain a constant volume; C. recovering the aqueous colloidal silica sol which is substantially free of alkali metal ions, said sol having a mole ratio of SiO 2 to alkanol amine in the range of 1:1 to 100:1; and then if desired, D. treating this sol with both a cation and anion ion exchange resin so as to further deionize the resulting alkaline metal-free silica sol, as well as to remove substantial quantities of the alkanol amine. Then if an alkaline sol is desired, adjusting the pH of the resulting acid sol of Step D to between 9 and 10 with an aqueous solution of ammonia.

Anhydrous magnesium chloride process

Abstract: Anhydrous magnesium chloride may be prepared for magnesium chloride hydrate by the following sequence of process steps: A. mixing together a magnesium chloride hydrate said hydrate containing minor amounts of water soluble sulfate and boron compounds as impurities with diethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol to prepare 0.1 - 6.0% by weight slurry of MgCl2 in the diethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol and an azeotropic agent having a boiling point less than the diethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol in a quantity sufficient to remove water from said slurry; B. distilling water from said slurry wherein an anhydrous solution of MgCl2 in diethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol containing the water soluble sulfate and boron compounds as insoluble impurities is formed; C. separating said MgCl2 solution from the insoluble impurities; D. adding to the MgCl2 solution about 3.0 moles of ethylene glycol per mole of MgCl2 present so as to prepare a MgCl2.3 moles ethylene glycol complex precipitate; E. separating precipitate pecipitate from the diethyl ether of tetraethylene glycol and recovering the precipitate; F. dissolving said precipitate in ethylene glycol to prepare a solution of the precipitate in ethylene glycol said ethylene glycol being used in a quantity so as to prepare an ethylene glycol solution containing from 1 to 20% by weight MgCl2 ; G. treating the ethylene glycol magnesium chloride solution with ammonia to form a magnesium chloride-ammonia complex which is insoluble in the ethylene glycol with the temperature of the ethylene glycol magnesium chloride solution being within the range of between -15° to 50°C; H. separating the magnesium chloride-ammonia complex from the ethylene glycol; I. washing the magnesium chloride-ammonia complex with a polar solvent having a lower boiling point than ethylene glycol to remove any ethlene glycol entrained in the magnesium chloride-ammonia complex; J. heating the magnesium chloride-ammonia complex to a temperature sufficient to drive off the ammonia for a sufficient period of time to remove the ammonia, thereby forming anhydrous magnesium chloride; and then, K. recovering anhydrous magnesium chloride which has a magnesium oxide content of less than 0.8% by weight and which is substantially free of impurities.

Enzymatic dispersion of biological slimes

Abstract: Slime in industrial process waters can be dispersed and prevented by treating the waters with a few ppm of the enzyme, Rhozyme HP-150, a pentosanase-hexosanase.

Corrosion inhibitor used in brines containing oxygen

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting composition for aqueous brine water containing dissolved oxygen therein is prepared by the reaction of a carboxylic acid containing from 1 to 48 carbon atoms with a polyamine having the structure H2N(-R-NH)xH where R is an alkylene group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and x is a small whole number greater than 1.

Pyrophosphate-zinc corrosion inhibitor

Abstract: A method for inhibiting metal corrosion in once-through water systems entailing the use of a pyrophosphate-zinc composition.

Formulation and application of alkaline zinc chloride compositions and detackification of paint spray booth wastes

Abstract: Water used to wash the air in paint or lacquer spray booths in order to remove over-sprayed paint or lacquers is treated with a blend of a primary amino alcohol, a polyether polyamine and a water soluble salt of an amphoteric metal to reduce the tackiness of paint and lacquer solids and thereby reduce the tendency of over-sprayed paints and lacquers to adhere to walls, ceilings and floors of said spray booths and also to condition the paint and lacquer solids removed with the water so that they can be separated and the water recycled for further use in washing the air in the spray booth.

Preparation of a manniched polyacrylamide quarternaries thereof

Abstract: Cationically modified polymers of acrylamide are prepared by adding to a polyacrylamide an aqueous solution of a lower aliphatic aldehyde followed by a lower alkyl secondary amine The pH of the dilute solution of the acrylamide polymer which is reacted is adjusted prior to addition of the aldehyde to between 45 and 55 thereby conducting this reaction at an acidic pH Additionally, quaternized polymers may be prepared by adding to the cationically modified polyacrylamide a lower alkyl halide quaternizing agent The pH of the solution of the cationically modified acrylamide polymer prior to quaternization should be 75-85

Removal of color from paper mill waste waters

Abstract: Color is removed from paper mill waste water by a precipitation method using relatively small amounts of polyethylene imine as a complexing agent and precipitant for color bodies in such waste waters.

Food process antifoam

Abstract: A defoaming composition comprising a bis-amide, a liquid hydrocarbon oil, and optionally a surfactant having an HLB of at least 6. The composition may be used to abate and prevent foam formation in sugar beet raw liquor.

Numerical Prediction of Thermal-Regime of Rivers

Abstract: The one-dimensional form of the unsteady convection-diffusion equation adequately describes the thermal-regime of rivers for fully mixed flow conditions. In general, it is not easy to develop closed-form solutions of this nonlinear partial parabolic equation. Thus, a numerical solution, based on a predictor-corrector scheme, is developed for this equation, which can be applied for predicting the thermal response of natural and heated rivers under variable meteorological factors and transient thermal discharge and flow conditions. Results of a field investigation conducted in the Mississippi River near Cordova, Ill. during winter are presented, along with a comparison of the measured and predicted steady-state temperature distributions in the river.

Sodium chloride and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride as an electroconductive additive

Abstract: Electroconductive paper useful typically in making copies by an electrostatic process may be made by incorporating therein NaCl and a polymer consisting of units derived from diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Mixed catalyst for the hydrolysis of nitriles to amides

Abstract: An improved process for catalytically hydrolyzing a nitrile to a corresponding amide which employs a reduced copper and another reduced metal catalyst. This catalyst is prepared by precipitating from an aqueous solution comprised of a mixture of a copper salt and a heavy metal salt a mixture of copper hydroxide and heavy metal hydroxide, oxidizing, heating, washing, separating and reducing under controlled conditions.

Lubricating system for plow blades

Abstract: A lubricating system for plow blades has a plurality of tube outlets positioned near a bottom portion of a plow blade and aligned to expel a dilute polymer lubricating fluid upward and onto a surface of the plow blade. As the plow blade scrapes up ground material, the scrapings distribute the lubricating fluid over the surface of the plow blade. Each of the tube outlets is supplied with lubricating fluid from a storage container via a pump connected to a positive displacement distribution block. In a farm plow system having eight separate plowshares, four positive displacement distribution blocks and one master distribution block are employed to supply lubricating fluid to twenty tube outlets.

Starch viscosity control agent using an ethoxylated fatty alcohol

Abstract: An improved starch paste which contains from between 5 to 40% by weight of starch and from 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the starch of a fatty alcohol which has been reacted with from 1 - 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

Method for the preparation of dried latex polymer from aqueous emulsion

Abstract: A method for preparing substantially dry homopolymers and copolymers which comprises forming a polymeric latex or water-in-oil emulsion and partially inverting said latex by regulated contact time with water in the time span 0.5 - 10.0 seconds and preferably less than 1 second. A preferred operation is carried out in a static mixer where the contact time for inversion is regulated by the diameter or length of a cylindrical tube containing static baffles.

Alkylation of phenols

Abstract: A process of preparing an alkylated phenol which is substantially monoalkylated and para oriented which comprises reacting phenol with a C4 -C9 olefin and wherein said olefin is utilized in about 5-10% stoichiometric excess. The broad reaction temperature utilized is about 60°-105° C and the time of reaction is at least 30 minutes. The catalyst utilized is anhydrous H3 PO4 which is used in a value of at least 8% based upon the weight of reactant phenol. The preferred products are p-t-amylphenol and p-t-butylphenol, and in the process of preparing these preferred phenols, the olefin may be reacted in 5-8% stoichiometric excess and the reaction temperature utilized may be 95°-115° C. An additional preferred product is p-nonylphenol derived from a branched propylene trimer.

Urea as an additive to improve the viscosity and activity of acrylamide-acrylamide acrylic acid polymers prepared from poor quality acrylamide

Abstract: Poor quality acrylamide can be used to produce good quality water-soluble polymers by conducting the polymerization in the presence of urea

Sodium aluminate to reduce flue gas corrosion

Abstract: PETER H. VOSSOS MORRIS MINDICK LARRY P. KOSKAN For: TREATMENT OF FLUE GAS Abstract of the Disclosure SO3 is removed from flue gas by injecting liquid sodium aluminate, achieving essentially complete SO3 removal.