Showing papers by "Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre published in 1975"
TL;DR: GH and pituitary prolactin are structurally homologous and have functional similarities both in the lower vertebrates and in mammals, and GH acts by controlling the production of a second series of hormones, the somatomedins, in the whole animal.
Abstract: GROWTH hormone (GH) and pituitary prolactin (PP) are structurally homologous and have functional similarities both in the lower vertebrates1 and in mammals2. In the whole animal a major function of GH is to stimulate the longitudinal growth of the skeleton, and GH acts by controlling the production of a second series of hormones, the somatomedins. The somatomedins are present in serum and will stimulate the rates of division and matrix production of chondrocytes in vitro3,4. GH itself has no effect in vitro on the cartilage cells, the chondrocytes.
117 citations
TL;DR: Skeletal scintigraphy has been used for detecting early skeletal metastases and assessing their response to treatment as discussed by the authors, which has shown that osteoid and immature woven bone in the presence of metastatic cancer can be identified.
Abstract: Skeletal scintigraphy, which has now been established as a useful and accurate method of detecting early skeletal metastases and assessing their response to treatment, has been investigated for its pathological basis. Histological examination of several hyndred necropsy specimens, from sixty-eight patients who died from malignant disease, showed a significant increase of osteoid and immature woven bone in the presence of metastatic cancer. Tumour-cell suspensions of the VX2 carcinoma were injected into the medullary cavity or on to the periosteal surface of the ilia or tibiae of New Zealand white rabbits. A combination of bone destruction and new bone formation, similar to the autopsy material, was seen. There were at least two mechanisms for the new bone production. Initially, intramembranous ossification was seen in the fibrous stroma surrounding the tumour. Once the cortex was involved and cortical bone destruction had occurred, large amounts of woven bone resembling fracture callus were laid down. The new bone had a markedly increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating why skeletal scintigraphy was useful. A further twenty rabbits, in whose ilia the VX2 carcinoma was growing, were treated by local irradiation. When treatment was successful the tumour was destroyed, the production of new bone ceased, and the lesion lost its increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating that skeletal scintigraphy could be used to assess the response of skeletal metastases to therapy.
90 citations
TL;DR: A unique case in which cervical osteomyelitis was caused by a diphtheroid is reported and the previously recorded clinical infections due to similar organisms are briefly reviewed.
Abstract: (1975). Diphtheroid Infection of the Cervical Spine. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 67-70.
21 citations
TL;DR: The duration and severity of pain were significantly reduced on ibuprofen compared to aspirin, as was the time needed before players returned to training or were fit again for match play.
Abstract: SummaryA double-blind trial was carried out in 22 professional footballers to compare the effectiveness of 1200 mg. ibuprofen and 3.0 g. aspirin daily in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries. A total of 60 injuries were treated. The duration and severity of pain were significantly reduced on ibuprofen compared to aspirin, as was the time needed before players returned to training or were fit again for match play.
7 citations
TL;DR: Both the Tunbridge and the Mair reports on rehabilitation were firm in their demand for more research into rehabilitation, but Mair's definition of rehabilitation was so wide that it includes virtually the whole of clinical medicine.
Abstract: Both the Tunbridge and the Mair reports on rehabilitation were firm in their demand for more research into rehabilitation. Tunbridge (Department of Health and Social Security 1972) said that 'research and development in all branches of the rehabilitation service has been seriously neglected in the past in spite of the fact that research is the prerequisite for advance in medical treatment'. Mair (Scottish Home and Health Department 1972) drew attention to the' . . . vast field (of rehabilitation) which still remains to be cultivated'. But Mair had defined rehabilitation as the whole process of restoring a disabled person to a condition in which he is able, as early as possible, to resume normal life, implying restoration of patients to their fullest mental and social capability. This definition is so wide that it includes virtually the whole of clinical medicine. At best it is an appropriate term to embrace the many physical, social and organizational aspects of the after-care of patients who require more than acute, short-term definitive care and, like nursing, has an emotive rather than a scientific meaning (Hockey 1974).
7 citations
TL;DR: This material appears to originate from the plasma because a large proportion of the radioactivity in bone is in this glycoprotein following injection of total plasma glycoproteins labelled by using 14C-glucosamine.
Abstract: Our previous studies have shown that a glycoprotein of α-electrophoretic mobility which can be isolated from bovine and rabbit bone matrix is present also in the blood plasma (2, 8). Relative to plasma albumin the α-glycoprotein is concentrated in bone and dentine but it is not present above the expected plasma ratio in a number of other tissues. This material appears to originate from the plasma because a large proportion of the radioactivity in bone is in this glycoprotein following injection of total plasma glycoproteins labelled by using 14C-glucosamine (8). However, there is also the possibility that its presence in plasma could be the result of its synthesis and release by the bone tissue.
4 citations
TL;DR: In a trial to determine the best palliative physiotherapy for the painful osteoarthrosic knee, radiological assessment was suggested as a measure for testing homogeneity of treatment groups and a different system was designed in which all three knee compartments were graded separately.
Abstract: In a trial to determine the best palliative physiotherapy for the painful osteoarthrosic knee, radiological assessment was suggested as a measure for testing homogeneity of treatment groups. Preliminary observer error experiments showed that an accepted standard grading scheme was unsatisfactory. A different system was designed in which all three knee compartments were graded separately (medial, lateral and patello femoral), based on a comparison of supine and erect films. The two systems have been compared in use on the same set of radiographs, and the observer error results are presented. The advantages of grading each compartment separately are discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: There was no difference in the overall incidence of clinically diagnosed deep venous thrombosis in the group of patients given dextran 70 compared with the control group, but there was a tendency for thromBosis to occur earlier in the control groups.
Abstract: A trial was undertaken to assess the effect of dextran 70 (Macrodex) in prophylaxis against thrombosis in women over 65 years with fractures of the upper end of the femur. The dosage used was 500 ml at operation and 500 ml on the first postoperative day. At this dosage given at this time there was no difference in the overall incidence of clinically diagnosed deep venous thrombosis in the group of patients given dextran 70 compared with the control group. There was a tendency for thrombosis to occur earlier in the control group. The mortality rates at 3 weeks and even at 6 months were less in the treated group than in the control series.
3 citations
TL;DR: A light-weight portable direct resuscitator using oxygen with a pre-set pressure and flow system and designed for use by professional or lay operators for the treatment of the collapsed person is given.