Showing papers by "Rhône-Poulenc published in 1967"

Process for the preparation of polyimides

Abstract: IN PREPARING POLYIMIDES, APPROXIMATELY EQUIMOLECULAR QUANTITES OF A TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID DIANHYDRIDE AND A DIPRIMARY DIAMINE ARE MIXED WITH WATER AND DEPOSITED ON A SUPPORT. THE WATER IS SUBSEQUENTLY REMOVED AND THEN THE RESIDUAL MIXTURE OR SUPPORT IS HEATED TO 100* TO 400*C.

Process for the manufacture of d-lactic acid and its salts

Abstract: 1,157,213. Lactic acid and salts thereof. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 16 Jan., 1967 [17 Jan., 1966], No. 2255/67. Heading C2C. D-Lactic acid or salts thereof are obtained by the fermentation of a nutrient medium comprising at least one sugar and a source of assimilable nitrogen characterized by the addition to the nutrient medium of at least one inhibitor of parasitic organisms and the use of a microorganism insensitive to the inhibitor and capable of producing D-lactic acid from a sugar, and separation of the resultant D-lactic acid as such or in the form of a salt. The inhibitor may be a mineral salt, an organic substance having an antiseptic or antifungal action, an antibiotic, e.g. a penicillin, streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, a tetracycline, novobiocin, spiramycin or polymyxin, a copper or zinc salt, formaldehyde, a quaternary ammonium derivative or a, sulphonamide. The microorganism producing D-lactic acid is suitably accustomed to the inhibitor of parasitic microorganisms by preliminary culture in the presence of increasing concentrations of the inhibitor and the fermentation is suitably effected at a temperature not exceeding 50‹ C. The source of sugar may be molasses, the assimilable nitrogen source may be corn-steep and the initial fermentation medium is preferably at least partially sterilized. The D-lactic acid producing micro-organism employed may be Lactobacillus leichmannii, Lactobacillus lactis or Lactobacillus caucasicus.

Apparatus for extruding a length of material

Abstract: 1,127,713. Extrusion nozzles for filling- machines. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 4 April, 1967 [4 April, 1966], No. 15432/67. Heading B8C. Produce from an extrusion nozzle is cut off by a converging stream of gas from a chamber concentric with the nozzle. The control of the gas stream is effected by a valve synchronized with the produce extruding means. In the form shown in Fig. 3 a rotatable valve 23 directs produce into a chamber 21. The valve is rotated to connect the chamber with extrusion nozzle 26 and piston 20 moves to force the produce through the nozzle into, e.g. containers. As the piston reaches the end of its stroke, gas is injected through annular chamber 27 to cut-off the produce. In another form, Fig. 4 (not shown), produce, forced through an extrusion nozzle by a piston (30) is similarly cut-off by a gas jet at the end of the piston stroke. As the piston withdraws suction is created at the tip of the nozzle to draw remaining produce back into the head.

Process for the polymerisation of acrylonitrile

Abstract: 1,126,302. Polymerization initiator. RHONEPOULENC S.A. 16 May, 1967 [17 May, 1966], No. 22727/67. Heading C3P. A polymerization initiator comprises (a) a peroxy compound, (b) an organic reducing agent and (c) a boron compound. It is used for the polymerization of acrylonitrile, optionally together with a vinyl or vinylidene comonomer, in an organic solvent. Specified peroxy compounds include H 2 O 2 , hydroperoxides, hydroxy hydroperoxides, peroxy acids and esters of such acids. The acid may be formed in situ from H 2 O 2 and the appropriate acid. Suitable reducing agents are glucose, benzoin, dihydroxyacetone, ascorbic, tartaric, lactic or citric acid, and stannous oxalate. The boron compound is e.g. boric oxide, a boric acid or an organic ester of ortho- or meta-boric acid. In Examples 1 to 7 and 11, acrylonitrile is polymerized in dimethyl formamide using as catalyst a combination of ascorbic acid and boric acid with cyclohexyl, t-butyl, cumene, pinane or methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide, H 2 O 2 and acetic acid, t-butyl peracetate or t-butyl perbenzoate. In Example 8, dimethyl sulphoxide is used as solvent and the catalyst comprises cyclohexyl, cumyl, t-butyl or pinane hydroperoxide or t-butyl perbenzoate, ascorbic acid and boric acid and in Example 9, dimethyl sulphoxide is the solvent and the catalyst comprises t-butyl perbenzoate, ascorbic acid and methyl or amyl borate, or the solvent is dimethyl formamide and the catalyst comprises t-butyl perbenzoate, ascorbic acid and B 2 O 3 , or cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, ascorbic acid and methyl borate. The catalyst in Example 10 is t-butyl perbenzoate, benzoin and boric acid. In Example 12, a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate and potassium p-vinyloxy benzene sulphonate is produced in dimethyl formamide using cumene hydroperoxide, ascorbic acid and methyl borate or in dimethyl sulphoxide using t-butyl perbenzoate, ascorbic acid and boric acid; copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate or styrene are also formed in dimethyl formamide using as catalyst methyl ethyl ketone hydroperoxide, ascorbic acid and methyl borate.

Process for the preparation of hydroperoxides

Abstract: Cycloalkyl hydroperoxides are prepared by contacting a cycloalkane in the liquid phase at elevated temperature with oxygen, separating the hydroperoxide formed, and recycling at least part of the unoxidized cycloalkane to the oxidation zone after treatment with a basic reagent. The oxygen may be introduced into the oxidation zone as air or, preferably air mixed with an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide. An example describes the preparation of cyclohexyl hydroperoxide.

Gas-liquid contact apparatus

Abstract: 1,179,714. Contacting gases with liquids. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 22 May, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 23689/67. Heading B1R. In a gas/liquid contact apparatus liquid is circulated from a cylindrical gas/liquid separator through a U-tube with limbs 18 and 11 and back into the separator, gas being introduced into the liquid at 20, the separator 14 having a gas outlet 15 and being connected to the U-tube by pipes 13 and 16 tangentially disposed to the separator. Liquid may be introduced at 23 and the limbs of the U-tube are surrounded by heat-exchange jackets. Pipes 13 and 16 are shown horizontal but may be inclined slightly (up to 15‹), both tubes sloping downwardly from the separator. The limbs 11 and 18 of the U-tube are shown vertical but they may diverge slightly in an upwards direction. A second U-tube with a pair of tangentially connected pipes may be associated with the separator. Gas may be recirculated, liquid withdrawn and the liquid may include a solid, e.g. a catalyst, in suspension. The liquid in this latter case may be treated in a decanting vessel, a separated slurry being returned to the U-tube.

Process for the production of diphenols

Abstract: 1,135,875. Dihydroxyphenols. RHONEPOULENC S.A. 15 March, 1967 [15 March, 1966], No. 12137/67. Heading C2C. Hydroquinone and pyrocatechol are prepared by oxidizing phenol by heating with a saturated aliphatic peracid containing 1-4 carbon atoms. Preferably the reaction is carried out so that not more than 30% of the phenol is oxidized. The preferred peracids are performic and peracetic acids and they are preferably prepared in situ by reacting hydrogen peroxide with the corresponding aliphatic acid. The process is advantageously carried out in the presence of phosphoric acid, at a temperature of 50-150‹ C.

Process for the preparation of organopolysiloxanes

Abstract: The reaction product of an alkali metal with an aminophosphine oxide is used as an equilibration catalyst in polymerizing organopolysiloxanes with or without organosilanes. The siloxanes may contain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon (h.c.) radicals, with or without halo-, amino- or cyanato-substituents hydroxyl or hydrocarbonoxy radicals. The amino-phosphines used may have the formula in which R1 and R2 are each a monovalent h.c. radical or are joined to form with the N a heterocyclic radical. The catalyst can be made by allowing the alkali metal to dissolve in the anhydrous amino-phosphine oxide, or a mixture of the oxide and a liquid organopolysiloxane, in a nitrogen atmosphere and with or without heating. The polymerization can be effected at 20 DEG to 200 DEG C. In a typical Example (1) a catalyst solution, obtained by dissolving K in anhydrous hexamethylphosphorotriamide and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and diluting the mixture with toluene, was added to octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane maintained at 100 DEG C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and after 1 hour the contents were cooled and the catalyst neutralized, by adding ethyliodide and removing volatiles by heating under reduced pressure, to yield a siloxane gum.

Études sur le mode d'action du phénylcar-bamoyloxy-2 n-éthylpropionamide, isomére d

Abstract: Summary. 2-Phenylcarbamoyloxy-N-ethylpropionamide, D isomer (11.561 R.P.) was submitted to various physiological tests in order to characterize its properties. Although it does not affect the Hill reaction, it is able to disorganize the plant cell and inhibits tissue differentiation. It penetrates rapidly into susceptible and resistant plants, but the degradation varies with the plant family. It disappears very rapidly from susceptible species, whereas resistant plants accumulate it without any apparent damage. One of its metabolites, aniline, is present in small quantities soon after treatment but is very rapidly eliminated. Studies showed that residues in plants were negligible at harvest. Untersuchungen uber Wirkimgsweise und Ruckslande des Carbanilsaureesters des D-Milchsaure-athylamids in Pflanzen Resume. Le phenylcarbamoyloxy-2 N-ethylpropionamide, isomere D (11,561 R.P.) aete soumis a un certain nombre de tests physiologiques qui ont permis de determiner certaines de ses proprietes: bien qu'il ne perturbe pas la reaction de Hill, il est capable de desoiganiser la cellule vegetale et d'empecher la differenciation tissulaire. II penetre rapidement dans les plantes sensibles ou resistantes, mais sa degradation est differente selon les familles vegetales: alors qu'il disparait tres vite dans Ies plantes sensibles, les plantes resistantes peuvent I'emmagasiner sans dommage apparent. L'un de ses metabolites, I'aniline, est present en tres petites quantites au debut des traitements mais est elimine tres rapidement. Une etude des residus dans les plantes a montre que ceux-ci etaient negligeables a la recolte. Studies on the mode of action of 2-phenylcarbamoyloxy-N-ethylpropionamide, D isomer. Relationship between dosage and residues in plants Zusammenfassung. Der Carbanilsaureester des D-Milchsaureathyiamids (Produkt no. 11.561 R.P.) wurde einer gewissen Anzahl von physiologischen Prufungen unterworfen, die es gestattet haben einige seiner Eigenschaften zu bestimmen. Obwohl das Produkt die Hill-Reaktion nicht beeinflusst, bewiikt es eine Desorganisation der Pflanzenzelle und hemmt die Gewebe- und Zelldifferenzicrung. Das Produkt dringt sowohl in die empfindlichen als auch in die widerstandsfuhigen Pflanzen rasch ein, doch wird es je nach den Pflanzenfamilien verschieden rasch abgebaut. Wahrend in empfindlichen Pflanzen ein rascher Abbau erfolgt, kann es in den widerstandsfahigen ohne merkbaren Schaden akkumuliert werden. Anilin, einer der Metaboliten, ist in sehr kleinen Mengen schon kurz nach der Bebandlung vorhanden, doch wird es sehr rasch ausgeschieden. Die Untersuchungen zeigen weiter, dass die Ruckstande in der Pflanze zur Erntezeit gering sind.

Removal of bubbles from adipic acid-nitrogen vapor

Abstract: 1,128,747. Liquid/gas separator. RHONEPOULENC S.A. 7 March, 1967 [7 March, 1966], No. 10730/67. Heading BIT. A process for removing bubbles from a saturated vapour of adipic acid containing a suspension of adipic acid bubbles and an inert gas and/or solid particles comprises the steps of condensing by cooling to below its dew point a very small quantity of the vapour and thereafter passing the vapour and condensed vapour through a bubble arresting device, the quantity of condensed vapour being sufficient to form a film of very pure liquid on the arresting device for washing the latter.

Novel polysiloxane-polyalkylene copolymers

Abstract: THE INVENTION RELATES TO COPOLYMERS OF GENERAL FORMULA R1-O-(CH2)Q-CH2-CH2-SI(-R)(-O-R1)-(O-SI(-R)2)N-O- SI(-R)(-O-R1)-CH2-CH2-(CH2)Q-O-R1 WHEREIN R IS AN ALKY, CYCLOALKYL, PHENYL, ALKYLPHENYL OR PHENYLALKYL GROUP, N IS BETWEEN 2 AND 700, Q IS 0 TO 3, AND R1O- IS A GROUP OF GENERAL FORMULA A(-CXH2XO-)Y, WHEREIN X IS 2 TO 4, Y IS AT LEAST ONE, AND A IS HYDROXY, FORMYLOXY, -OG,-OCOG, -OOC-O-G -NHG, -OCONHG OR -NHCOG, WHEREIN G IS A HYDROCARBON RADICAL. THE COPOLYMERS ARE USEFUL AS SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE FOAMS.

Process for the preparation of cycloalkanols and mixtures of cycloalkanols and cycloalkanones

Abstract: THE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF CYCLOALKANE, ESPECIALLY CYCLOHEXANE, HYDROPEROXIDES TO PRODUCE CYCLOALKANOLS, ALONE OR IN ADMIXTURE WITH CYCLOALKANONES, IS IMPROVED BY ADDING WATER, IN AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ONE MOLECULE PER MOLECULE OF HYDROPEROXIDE, TO THE HYDROGENATION MIXTURE.

Manufacture of oxalic acid

Abstract: 1,159,066. Oxalic acid. RHONE-POULENC S.A. 25 May, 1967 [25 May, 1966], No. 24443/67. Heading C2C. Oxalic acid is prepared by oxidizing propylene, or an intermediate product (for example lactic acid or α-nitratolactic acid) containing two or three carbon atoms which can be formed by nitric acid and/or nitrogen peroxide oxidation of propylene, with nitric acid in the presence of, as catalyst, a compound of iron, aluminium, chromium, tin, bismuth, iodine, which is soluble in the reaction medium. The catalyst, which may be present in an amount from 0A01 to 10% and preferably from 0A1 to 2% by weight (expressed as metal or as iodine) based on the weight of the reaction mixture, is preferably a sulphate, nitrate, chloride or phosphate of iron, aluminium, chromium, tin or bismuth; ferrous oxide, ferric oxide, or chromium trioxide; an iodate; a chromate; or chromic acid. The catalysts may be used in processes wherein gaseous propylene is passed into an aqueous medium containing at least 50% by weight of nitric acid at 40-80‹ C. or by introducing the propylene into nitric acid and then heating the solution obtained and wherein the catalyst may be introduced at the beginning of the reaction or at the beginning of the conversion of the oxidation products, for example lactic acid or α-nitratolactic acid, preferably by dissolving the catalyst in the oxidizing agent. Oxalic acid is prepared by treating propylene with nitric acid containing chromium nitrate and subsequently passing oxygen through the reaction mixture and heating; by treating propylene with aqueous nitric acid containing nitrogen peroxide and subsequently heating with chromium nitrate, ferric nitrate, stannous chloride, aluminium nitrate, bismuth nitrate or potassium iodate; by treating α-nitratolactic acid with nitric acid containing chromic acid; and by reacting lactic acid with nitric acid containing chromic acid. Suitable apparatus for the reaction is described by reference to drawings (not shown). α-Nitrato-lactic acid is obtained by treating a mixture of oxygen and propylene with nitrogen peroxide at 0‹ C.

Process for the preparation of pyrocine

Abstract: PYROCINE, AN INTERMEDIATE IN THE PREPARATION OF CHRYSANTHEMIC ACID, IS MADE BY CYCLIZING 2-CARBOXY-4,4,6-TRIMETHYL-2,5-HEPTADIENOIC ACID.

Process for the cyclization of unsaturated organic compounds

Abstract: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS HAVING TWO CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BONDS IN THE 1,5- OR 1,6-POSITION ARE CYCLIZED BY TREATMENT WITH A MERCURIC COMPOUND AND A PROTON ACID OR LEWIS ACID.