Showing papers by "Saint Mary's University published in 2022"

Is more always better? How preparation time and re-recording opportunities impact fairness, anxiety, impression management, and performance in asynchronous video interviews

Abstract: The present study examined how variations in the design of asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) impact important interviewee attitudes, behaviours, and outcomes, including perceived fairness, anxiety, impression management, and interview performance. Using a 2 × 2 experimental design, we investigated the impact of two common and important design elements on these outcomes: (a) preparation time (unlimited versus limited) and (b) the ability to re-record responses. Using a sample of 175 participants completing a mock AVI, we found that whereas providing such options (i.e., unlimited preparation time and/or re-recording) did not impact outcomes directly, the extent to which participants actually used these options did affect outcomes. For instance, those who used more re-recording attempts performed better in the interview and engaged in less deceptive impression management. Moreover, those who used more preparation time performed better in the interview while engaging in slightly less honest impression management. These findings point to the importance of investigating the effects of AVI design on applicant experiences and outcomes. Specifically, AVI design elements produce opportunities for applicants not typically present in synchronous interviews, and can alter interview processes in crucial ways. Finally, not all applicants use these opportunities equally, and this has implications for understanding interview behaviour and outcomes.

Reply on RC2

Abstract: MOPITT retrievals are more sensitive to near-surface CO when performed over land than water. Data users are therefore advised to discard retrievals performed over water from analyses to limit the a priori influence on results. Level 3 (L3) products are a 1° x 1° gridded average of finer resolution Level 2 (L2) retrievals. For coastal grid boxes, these are retrievals that are either performed over land, water, or a combination of the two, on any given day. L3 data users therefore have limited ability to filter for retrievals performed over water for these grid boxes. The consequences that this has on retrievals and their temporal trends in “as-downloaded” L3 data (L3O) are examined in this paper, for all coastal L3 MOPITT grid boxes (n = 4299), by comparison to separate land- and water-only grid box averaged L2 retrievals (L3L and L3W, respectively). First, it is established that mean retrieved VMRs in L3L and L3W differ by over 10 ppbv, significant (p < 0.1) at 60 % of the coastal grid boxes. Trends are also stronger in L3L (mean difference between 0.28 ppbv y-1 and 0.43 ppbv y-1), with the L3L – L3W trend difference significant at 36 % of grid boxes. These L3L-L3W differences are clearly linked to retrieval sensitivity differences, with L3W being more heavily tied to the a priori CO profiles used in the retrieval, which is a model-derived monthly mean climatology. On days when L3O is created from the averaging together of L2 retrievals over both land and water (L3OM), the result is VMRs that are significantly different to L3L for 75 % of grid boxes where the L3L – L3W difference is also significant, 45 % of all coastal grid boxes. Just under half of the grid boxes that featured a significant L3L – L3W trend difference also see trends differing significantly between L3L and L3OM. Factors that determine significance of difference between L3OM and L3L include proportion of the surface covered by land/water, and the magnitude of sensitivity contrast. Comparing the full L3O dataset to L3L, it is shown that if L3O is filtered so that only retrievals over land (L3OL) are analysed, there is a huge loss of days with data. This is because L2 retrievals over land are routinely discarded during the L3O creation process, for coastal grid boxes. The problem can be lessened by also retaining L3OM retrievals, but the resulting L3O “land or mixed” (L3OLM) subset still has less data days than L3L for 61 % of coastal grid boxes. Moreover, as already shown, these additional days with data feature some influence from retrievals made over water that can affect results. Coastal L3 grid boxes contain 33 of the 100 largest coastal cities in the world, by population. Focusing on the L3 grid boxes containing these cities, it is shown that mean VMRs in L3OL and L3L differ significantly for 11 of the 27 cities that can be compared (there are no L3OL data for 6 of the cities). The L3L – L3OLM mean VMR difference exceeds 10 (22) ppbv for 11 (3) of the 33 cities, significant in 13 cases. 9 of the 18 cities where WLS analysis can be performed in L3OL feature a trend that is significantly different to L3L. The trends in L3OLM and L3L differ significantly for 5 of the 33 cities. It is concluded that a L3 product based only on L2 retrievals over land would be of benefit to MOPITT data users, given the clear and sometimes significant differences in mean CO VMRs and trends that can be obtained for coastal grid boxes using L2 products in which retrievals performed over water can be more easily discarded.

Superconvergent interpolants for Gaussian collocation solutions of mixed order BVODE systems

Abstract: <abstract><p>The high quality COLSYS/COLNEW collocation software package is widely used for the numerical solution of boundary value ODEs (BVODEs), often through interfaces to computing environments such as Scilab, R, and Python. The continuous collocation solution returned by the code is much more accurate at a set of mesh points that partition the problem domain than it is elsewhere; the mesh point values are said to be superconvergent. In order to improve the accuracy of the continuous solution approximation at non-mesh points, when the BVODE is expressed in first order system form, an approach based on continuous Runge-Kutta (CRK) methods has been used to obtain a superconvergent interpolant (SCI) across the problem domain. Based on this approach, recent work has seen the development of a new, more efficient version of COLSYS/COLNEW that returns an error controlled SCI.</p> <p>However, most systems of BVODEs include higher derivatives and a feature of COLSYS/COLNEW is that it can directly treat such mixed order BVODE systems, resulting in improved efficiency, continuity of the approximate solution, and user convenience. In this paper we generalize the approach mentioned above for first order systems to obtain SCIs for collocation solutions of mixed order BVODE systems. The main contribution of this paper is the derivation of generalizations of continuous Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods that form the basis for SCIs for this more general problem class. We provide numerical results that (ⅰ) show that the SCIs are much more accurate than the collocation solutions at non-mesh points, (ⅱ) verify the order of accuracy of these SCIs, and (ⅲ) show that the cost of utilizing the SCIs is a small fraction of the cost of computing the collocation solution upon which they are based.</p></abstract>

Neurolinguistic and neuropsychological evidences for functionally organized language networks

Abstract: Through selective review of current neuropsychological and experimental studies using neuroimaging modalities, this chapter aims to highlight some areas where ‘neuro-’ evidences may be relevant for theoretical investigations in functional linguistics. The picture-naming task is widely used both in clinical settings as a component of language assessments and in psycholinguistic and neuroimaging studies. The large-scale network perspective is important for functional linguistics generally because it grounds the neural representation of language in a cognitive architecture that theoretically should inherit properties common to other similar networks. The ‘phonological’ network in the scene description study also appears ‘specialized’ for some kind of sound – motor representation. In their exposition of the history of neuroscience, Catani and Sandrone observe that the images of the brain in a particular period tend to rely on metaphors that are grounded in the most striking and ubiquitous technology of the era.

América Latina en la vorágine de la crisis

Abstract: Este libro es un ensayo extendido sobre las dinámicas de desarrollo y resistencia desatadas por los avances del extractivismo, una forma de capitalismo que se caracteriza por una crisis multidimensional de alcance global. El extractivismo toma diversas formas, pero el epicentro en su más reciente encarnación es América Latina. La región ha sido el principal blanco de sus impactos socioecológicos negativos, pero también el escenario de las fuerzas más poderosas de resistencia. El autor aborda tres dimensiones críticas de este proceso, incluyendo la nueva geoeconomía y geopolítica del capital, las resistencias en la frontera extractiva y las alternativas propuestas por los gobiernos formados en el »ciclo progresista« en la política, y construidos desde abajo por las comunidades indígenas y no indígenas en la frontera. Finalmente, cierra con una reflexión sobre la posibilidad de una transición postextractivista a un otro mundo de solidaridad social y armonía con la naturaleza, en condiciones de justicia social y ecológica.