Showing papers by "Tehran University of Medical Sciences published in 1987"

A study of salmonella, shigella and enteropathogenic escherichia coli serotypes in acute gastroenteritis children under the age of five

Abstract: In this study, it has been our purpose to isolate and serotype entero­ pathogenic E. coli, salmonella and shigella and determine their resistance to antibiotics. 502 swab specimens were collected during mid-July to mid­ November. 19�6. from two children's hospitals in Tenran. From 502 cultured specimens. I ()� specimens were positive for salmonella. shigella and entero­ pathogenic E. coli. corresponding to 21.5% of the cases. The frequency of t he isolated species were salmone lao 56 cases (11. 1'1.,): en teropa thogenic E. coli. -1-7 cases (9. -1-%). and shigella,.) cases (I '!�,).

Resistance of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in south eastern iran

Abstract: In vivo and in vitro assessments of the response of P. Jalciparum to chloroquine using WHO standard kits and techniques were carried out in I ran Shahr, Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran in 1985. In the in vivo assessment, 24 malaria patients treated with chloroquine (25mg/kg over three days) were followed up for one to four weeks. The mean parasite clearance time was 4.3 days and in two cases, recrudescence occurred on the 20th and 22nd day. In the micro in vitro test, from among 87 samples, the growth of.the parasites was satisfactory in 11 cases (12.6%) and the development of the parasites continued in the presence of higher doses of chloroquine (1.14 to 6.4 micromolll blood). In the macro in vitro test, from 28 successful tests, the growth of the parasites continued in the presence of higher doses of chloroquine (1.25 to 3 micromolll blood) in eight cases (28.5%). The present study showed resistance of P. Jalciparum to chloroquine in Iran Shahr area, southeastern Iran, and confirmed the results of the preliminary studies carried out in this area in 1983. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area Volume 1 Rabio!ava! 1408 Nov., 1987 Malaria is still prevalent in the southeastern parts of I ran. Antimalarial drugs. partieulary chloroquine. arc used large scale in these areas. The in vivo assessment of the response of P. falciparum to chloroquine in some malarious areas in southern Iran did not reveal any sign i ficant resistance between 1967 and 1976. '.' The preliminary in vivo and in vitro studies (using locally made micro and marco in vitro susceptibility test kits) of the response of p. Ialcipanmz to chloroquine in the Iran Shahr area. Sistan and Baluchestan province of Iran. showed evidence of resistance in 19iD.' The study was carried out with the cooperation of the Malaria Eradication and Communicable Diseases Control in the Iran Shahr area in Sistan and Baluches­ tan province from August 24 to November 16, 1 985. The area is located approximateiy at 26° to 2 8° North and 60° to 62° East in southeast Iran at an altitude of566 meters above sea level. Further ill vivo and ill vitro studies (using WHO standard kits) seemed to be necessary for confirmation of such resistance in I ran Shahr area. where there is considerable movement of population, mainly be­ tween the Baluch tribes of Iran and Pakistan and also Afghan immigrants. 46 The annual rainfall is about 104 mm and the mean annual temperature and relative humidity ranged from 13.4° to 37.7° C (absolute temperature: 1° to 50 .5° C) and 4 .7 to 73.0% (absolute relative humidity: 2 to 98%), respectively, in 1 985. The population ofIran Shahr area was approximate­ ly 246,000 in 1985. Vivax and falciparum malaria are prevalent in the study area with a ratio of2:5 and total incidence of approximately 20 per 1000 population in 1 985. D ow nl oa de d fr om m jir i.i um s. ac .ir a t 1 5: 58 IR S T o n T ue sd ay D ec em be r 10 th 2 01 9 G .H. Edrissian ct.al Selection of cases and testing Falciparum malaria patients were selected from among out-patients who referred to the Malaria Era­ dication Laboratory in Iran Shahr. The age of the subjects ranged from one to 60 years and the majority (73.6(�()) were male. For each patient, whenever possible, one, two or three ill I'il'o and macro in vitro chloroquine suscepti­ bility tests were performed. In the in vivo assessment, t he WI 10 standard seven day field test' was carried out. 111 some cases, the treated patients were followed up from the second up to the end of the fourth week. The micro and macro in vitro tests were perfomed on the basis of the techniques of Reickmann, et al. and Reickmann and Lopez Antunano.b7 The in vitro sus­ ceptibility kits were supplied by the World Health Organization and applied according to WHO guide­ lines.

Surgical experience with portal hypertension due to hepatoportal sclerosis (noncirrhotic portal fibrosis)

Abstract: Hepatoportal sclerosis or idiopathic portal hypertension has a worl­ dwide distribution with prevalence in developing and temperate countries. Of 64 patients with this disease seen during a twelve year period, 36 underwent splenectomy or a shunt procedure. The indications for surgical intervention were severe hypersplenism and persistent left upper abdominal pain andlorhistory of frequent episodes of esophageal bleeding. There were two operative deaths from uncontrollable bleeding. Of 34 patients, none developed esoph�g�al bleeding or encephalopathy on follow-ups ranging from one to 12 years. Splenectomy in patients without bleeding was effective. Proximal splenorenal shunt was also satisfactory in all cases. However, in the last few cases, Warren's shunt has produced even more encouraging results. In addition to a general overview, features of this disease not previously discussed or emphasized in the literature, operative findings and surgical methods used, along with long-term results, are presented. Volume 1