Showing papers in "Acta Astronautica in 1981"

TL;DR: A different nature of disturbances caused by weightlessness in different parts of the motor system is suggested, which did correlate with prophylactic activity during space flight.

TL;DR: The relative importance of arm weight and other factors has not been precisely measured, but experiments in prolonged spaceflight should help to elucidate the issue.

TL;DR: The development of sensitive techniques for the measurement of hormones, their precursors and metabolites and the increasing amount of information on integrated endocrine responses in various physiologic processes make it valuable for the Skylab Program findings to retrospectively consider.

TL;DR: The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.R. manned space missions are discussed in this paper, where the basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration.

TL;DR: In this article, the Marangoni boundary layers, which can be formed in surface driven flows, are studied for the case in which the flow fields of the two interfacing fluids are coupled kinematically and thermally.

TL;DR: The results of the 96-day and 140-day Salyut-6 missions suggest that the adaptation of the immune system to spaceflight occurs in two stages: the first takes place during the first 2-3 months in space, the second follows and consists of further weakening of theimmune response.

TL;DR: During the manned Skylab flights mineral losses from the calcaneum and changes in external calcium balance were in the ranges found for healthy subjects at bedrest, and these data could represent reversible bone loss due to increased birth rate of normal osteoclasts and osteoblasts and consequent increase in bone turnover and in reversible mineral deficit.

TL;DR: The renal excretion of potassium and calcium increased, reaching a maximum by the 4-6th weeks in prolonged space flights and simulation studies, and excretion postflight was much higher than preflight.

TL;DR: In this article, the variation with temperature and concentration of the Marangoni number for liquid alloys via the evolution of the surface tension temperature coefficient was studied via the pseudo regular approach.

TL;DR: Experiments in airplanes, cars and on a vestibular sled have shown that the susceptibility to motion sickness is highest for changes of acceleration in the negative X-axis (as compared to the other axes) of the body.

TL;DR: Many patterns of behavior and response that have been attributed solely to vestibular function are actually dependent wholly or in part on touch, kinesthetic, and proprioceptive stimulation.

TL;DR: In the last 20 years, the biomedical problems facing man in space have been brought into sharper focus and clodronate, a new diphosphonate effective in preventing hypercalciuria and negative calcium balance in normal human bedrested subjects, may prove effective in protecting skeletal mineral loss in space.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of cylindrical secondary combustors of Air Breathing Rockets (ABR) was investigated and experiments determined the influence of oxidizer-fuel ratio of the primary rocket, mass flow ratio of secondary air to primary rocket propellants, and length of secondary combustor.

TL;DR: In this article, a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna for the proposed European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERSS) is presented in a deployable configuration composed of 5 radiating panels, and a foldable truss structure.

TL;DR: In this article, the degree of controllability of a control system for performing standard maneuvers is defined from basic physical considerations, and then numerical methods for generating the degree is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of candidate actuator distributions.

TL;DR: The experimental results obtained from the Ionosphere Sounding Satellite-b (ISS-b) launched in February 1978 are given with particular emphasis on the global distributions of the ionospheric parameters such as the ionosphere critical frequency (foF2), occurrence probability of the spread echoes, nighttime electron temperature and ionic constituents of the ambient plasma, and also of the thunderstorms detected by means of radio technique as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the growth and decay properties of weak discontinuities headed by wave fronts of arbitrary shape in three dimensions are investigated in a thermally radiating inviscid gas flow.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an independent conceptual analysis and evaluation of the lunar environment as industrial base and habitat, based on a fundamental paper presented in 1972, and a selenosphere system strategy is outlined.

TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of using gravity gradient (GG) effects without any mass expulsion is discussed, and it is shown that the GG effects can be applied to convert attitude torque into orbital torque and vice versa.

TL;DR: The results corroborate that prolonged state of weightlessness during space flight, though not representing by itself an intensive stressful stimulus for the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system, was found to potentiate the response of "cosmic rats" to stress exposure after return to Earth.

TL;DR: The paper summarizes the results of ground-based biomedical investigations of artificial gravity and flight experiments aboard Soviet biosatellites Cosmos-782 and Cosmos-936 to determine the minimum efficient value of artificialgravity in long-term flights which may eliminate adverse effects of prolonged weightlessness.

TL;DR: The rates of synthesis by brain neurons of the neurotransmitters serotonin, acetylcholine, and the catecholamines depend on the brain levels of the respective precursor molecules, and diet readily alters blood concentrations of each of these precursors.

TL;DR: In the second part of a series on lunar industrialization and settlement, the economically most promising energy technology is assessed as basis for subsequent energy discussions as discussed by the authors, where the consumer sectors are habitats, transportation and production; the sources are nuclear and solar energy, used in variously processed forms.

TL;DR: Changes in the sympatho-adrenal and kallikrein-kinin systems, as well as water-electrolyte balance, should be taken into account in developing methods and means of medical service in critical situations.

TL;DR: The possible therapies for various atrial, nodal, ventricular disorders are reviewed, with greater detail for vagal atrial arrhythmias.

TL;DR: Perturbation analysis is carried out by means of Lie series and is developed through the first order only as discussed by the authors, where the Hamiltonian is obtained, the short period terms are eliminated and the generating function W is found by integration.

TL;DR: Results from the Biostack space flight experiments clearly indicate the existence of radiation mechanisms which become effective only at higher values of LET (linear energy transfer), and accelerator irradiation studies are reviewed which conform with this conjecture.

TL;DR: In situ production of oxygen and oxygen with hydrogen for utilization as return propellant from the Galilean satellites has been investigated in this paper, and it has been shown that a Europa sample return mission requires 4000 kg less estimated earth launch mass than a vehicle using space storable propellant.

TL;DR: Development of candidate physico-chemical components for use in regenerative life support systems (LSS) for future extended-duration-mission spacecraft provide air revitalization including carbon dioxide reduction, water reclamation, and limited waste management.

TL;DR: One candidate drug is a high-potency transdermal therapeutic system (TTS)-scopolamine, marketed in the nature of a patch that is affixed to the skin behind the ear 12 hr before need and delivers scopolamine into the blood stream for three days.