Showing papers in "Acta Botanica Hungarica in 2010"
TL;DR: Toxicity of Chrysanthemum leucanthemums fell into the same range, although this herb has restricted use in human medicine, and Achillea millefolium, widely recommended against inflammations, showed significantly lower toxicity.
Abstract: Extended research has been carried out on the antimicrobial properties of herbs belonging to the family Asteraceae, trying to establish their potential use in natural pest control, in addition to human medicinal applications. For testing and quantifying antibacterial activity, most often standard microbial protocols are used. In this study the aggregate bactericide effect of four species ( Artemisia absinthium L., A. vulgaris L., Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. and Achillea millefolium L.) was screened using the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay. The two Artemisia species which have well-established use as antibacterial, exerted the highest toxicity. Toxicity of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum fell into the same range, although this herb has restricted use in human medicine. On the contrary, Achillea millefolium , which is widely recommended against inflammations, showed significantly lower toxicity.
15 citations
TL;DR: The lichenicolous fungus Keratosphaera antoniana is described from Bolivia and named after Antonin Vězda on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birth.
Abstract: A new exsiccate, Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae — of little, fine, special lichens and lichenicolous fungi — dedicated to the famous lichenologist Antonin Vězda (1920–2008), is compiled and issued. The lichenicolous fungus Keratosphaera antoniana is described from Bolivia and named after him on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birth. The first fascicle is consisted of 15 species and distributed to 12 lichen herbaria worldwide (BM, BP, F, hb. Flakus, hb. Kalb, HO, KRAM, PRA-V, SAV, STU, UPS, VBI).
12 citations
TL;DR: 215 type specimens of 38 Sorbus taxa (15 holotypes, 23 lectotypes and 177 other types) described by Sandor Javorka, Adam Boros and Zoltan Karpati from the Carpathian Basin and theCarpathians have been examined.
Abstract: 215 type specimens of 38 Sorbus taxa (15 holotypes, 23 lectotypes and 177 other types) described by Sandor Javorka, Adam Boros and Zoltan Karpati from the Carpathian Basin and the Carpathians have been examined. Types are designated here, and 15 names validly published.
9 citations
TL;DR: The xeromesophilous loess grassland association, Euphorbio pannonicae-Brachypodietum, has been outlined seven years ago by the author (Horvath 2002) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The xeromesophilous loess grassland association, Euphorbio pannonicae-Brachypodietum, had been outlined seven years ago by the author (Horvath 2002). This first publication of the association provided a valid name for it, characterised the community by dominant, constant and typical species, as well as the abiotic conditions and attributes of small-scale spatial patterns. Based on these parameters, the new coenotaxon has been separated from xerophilous loess grassland association (Salvio-Festucetum rupicolae Zolyomi ex Soo 1964). Nevertheless, the prior description has to be considered incomplete, because it reported only the synthetic attributes of species occurrences in the surveyed stands of the community. In this paper, the description of the association is validated with offering a complete phytosociological table and selecting the holotype releve. In addition, the author summarises the floristical, coenological and ecological characters of the association. It has to be considered as a well-distinguishable xeromesophilous coenotaxon of the Pannonian loess vegetation, stands of which constantly occur on northern or northeastern slopes. It has high nature conservancy values because many forest and forest-steppe species of the zonal forest-steppe vegetation of the Great Hungarian Plain could only survive within it.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the regeneration succession on clearings of sessile oak-Turkey oak forests, following successive clear-cut harvesting practice, was analyzed by multivariate methods and four stages were determined: I = 1−3 years, II = 4−11, III = 12−21(−25) and IV = (22−26−28 years).
Abstract: Oak woods are the most important forest types growing on 570,700 hectares in Hungary that is about 32% of total forested lands. This paper reports results about the regeneration succession on clearings of sessile oak-Turkey oak forests, following successive clear-cut harvesting practice. Phytosociological releves were taken, according to the space for time substitution model, covering stand ages from 2 to 28 years old. Major steps of the forest regeneration were analysed by multivariate methods and four stages were determined: I = 1–3 years, II = 4–11, III = 12–21(–25) and IV = (22–)26–28 years. Light climate of the four stages were characterised by measuring relative irradiation under clear sky conditions (RI) at four elevations (0, 20, 40 and 80 cm above ground). Herb layer phytomass was studied by the harvesting method in the same stands where RI was determined.Considering statistically significant differences in the studied variables among stages, two main stress periods were distinguished. The most d...
7 citations
TL;DR: This study has revealed that combined effect of protease and pectinase after 5 hours caused a complete disappearance and removal of the cell surface network.
Abstract: Our attention was focused on the changes occurring in the cell surface network linked to the induction of embryogenic competence of pre- and pro-embryogenic stages of indirect somatic embryogenesis in the callus tissue of Drosera spathulata Labill., which originated from isolated leaves. This surface network forms as a distinct and compact layer on globular somatic embryos before formation of protoderm. Young protodermal cells had a typical furrowed surface, whilst mature protodermal cells were practically smooth. Embryogenic cells show changes in structural organisation and chemical composition of cell surface network, during different stage formation of somatic embryogenesis. Using SEM, TEM analysis and enzymatic digestion of proteins and pectins, we have shown that granular components, which represent pectic polysaccharides, were linked to induction and acquisition of embryogenic competence and pre-embryogenic stage. Fibrillar network was linked to proembryogenic stage of somatic embryogenesis. Our stu...
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Borhidi et al. proposed the endemic Hispaniolan genus Stevensia to include into the genus Rondeletia s str The author of this paper accepted the proposal introducing the new combinations of the corresponding species.
Abstract: Recent molecular studies proposed the endemic Hispaniolan genus Stevensia to include into the genus Rondeletia s str The author of this paper, as monographer of the genus (Borhidi 2001) accepts the proposal introducing the new combinations of the corresponding species
6 citations
TL;DR: Six new species for the flora of Albania were collected during the 2010 March field trip and are discussed here, including Stachys canescens, which, according to the assumption of the authors can be an old introduction.
Abstract: Six new species for the flora of Albania ( Convolvulus siculus, Gagea amblyopetala, Gagea bohemica agg., Ptilostemon chamaepeuce, Spergula pentandra and Stachys canescens ) were collected during the 2010 March field trip and are discussed here. Additionally, the occurrence of Ceratocephala falcata in Albania is confirmed and contributions to the distribution of other four, rare and of insufficiently known range taxa ( Bellevalia dubia, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Phagnalon saxatile and Teline monspessulana ) are given. The listed species are the members of the native flora of Albania, except for Stachys canescens , which, according to the assumption of the authors can be an old introduction.
5 citations
TL;DR: 6 new species, in this volume 4 new ones: D. rubrinervis, D. tubaeana and a new combination, arachnipoda are published, followed by a rectified generic description and anew analytic key.
Abstract: The monographic treatment of the genus Deppea Schltdl. et Cham. published in 1988 by Lorence and Dwyer turned to be a broad sense approach with 23 species, including several alien elements and forming a polyphyletic unit. It was criticised by Borhidi et al . (2004) excluding 6 species belonging to 5 different genera. Since that time a number of real Deppea species of original sense has been discovered and described. Actually, the genus comprises 31 species without the excluded ones. In this volume 6 new species, in this paper 4 new ones: D. foliosa , D. nitida , D. rubrinervis , D. tubaeana and a new combination, D. arachnipoda are published, followed by a rectified generic description and a new analytic key.
5 citations
TL;DR: Results of the nutrient and anti-nutrient analyses show that both the sterile and the fertile fronds of C. cornuta can be used in aquaculture.
Abstract: Extracts from some fern species have been found to be useful in fortifying livestock and fish feeds to enhance production especially in peasant communities. The chemical composition of Ceratopteris cornuta has not been documented in Nigeria. This study was thus designed to determine its suitability for use in fortifying fish feed by analysing the nutrient and anti-nutrient contents of its dimorphic fronds separately. One kg of sterile and fertile fronds of C. cornuta were collected, washed using distilled water and oven dried at 40 °C for about 96 hours. The dried samples were milled and analysed for proximate minerals, cyanide and oxalate analyses in triplicates. Results of the nutrient and anti-nutrient analyses show that both the sterile and the fertile fronds of C. cornuta can be used in aquaculture. The crude protein (4.22–5.28 g/100 g), moisture (87–91.00 g/100 g), carbohydrate (3.12–7.40 g/100 g), magnesium (23.55–194.65 mg/100 g), calcium (0.03 mg/100 g), potassium (0.17 mg/100 g), sodium (0.17 mg...
4 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that Cololejeunea lanciloba is a highly polymorphic species and as C. kashyapii, C. latilobula and C. udarii are found conspecific with it, they are reduced to synonyms.
Abstract: It is concluded that Cololejeunea lanciloba is a highly polymorphic species. As C. kashyapii, C. latilobula and C. udarii are found conspecific with it, they are reduced to synonyms. The description of C. lanciloba is amended to include all the variations now observed. Additional information is provided on habitat.
TL;DR: In this paper, the moss Racomitrium crispulum was sampled from 24 localities of Nainital of the Kumaon Hills to indicate relative level of four metals: Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd.
Abstract: With the aim to obtain information about atmospheric deposition of metals all over the western Himalayas (Kumaon region) using moss as bioaccumulator, a biomonitoring program was setup by financial aid of the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. Present study is a part of the same monitoring program. The moss Racomitrium crispulum was sampled from 24 localities of Nainital of the Kumaon Hills to indicate relative level of four metals: Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd. In summation of undertaken metals the highest 70% concentration of metals was observed in centre of the city. A gradient of decrease in metal was recorded while projecting away from city centre (zero km). A trend of metal precipitation was observed amongst seasons, viz. summer > winter > monsoon. The accumulation level of metals in the moss also varies amongst themselves, i.e. Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd. The moss metal-metal regression analysis correlation (R) exhibits that it gives significance for Pb-Zn (0.8088), Cu-Zn ...
TL;DR: A digital photo interpretation method is used with which the former vegetation is reconstructed from black and white aerial photos, and chronosequence of vegetation maps are made, that after many arid years, the tree or shrub dominant associations increased until the eighties.
Abstract: The study area is the peaty bed of Nyires-to mire which is situated in the northeastern Alfold on the Bereg Plain. For this paper we used a digital photo interpretation method with which we reconstructed the former vegetation from black and white aerial photos, and made chronosequence of vegetation maps. The image segmentation method dissolves the photo into different objects (segments) by spectral and textural parameters. The segments consist of similar pixels, representing a unique ground object. We made the segmentation with the Definiens Inc. eCognition software. The stability of the mire was calculated with GRID-files. The historical vegetation maps show, that after many arid years, the tree or shrub dominant associations increased until the eighties. Later, the sufficient precipitation and the artificial flooding stabilised the tree covering. The analysis of GRID-files shown, that 45.77% of the pixels get code 1 (stable), 44.32% get code 2 (slightly changeable) and only 9.91% get code 3 (changeable)...
TL;DR: In this study, 201 lichen-forming fungi taxa are given from the western Black Sea Region of Turkey and 15 lichen species are new records.
Abstract: In this study, 201 lichen-forming fungi taxa are given from the western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Arthonia dispersula and Arthrosporum populorum are new records for Turkey. Fifteen lichen species are new records for the western Black Sea Region of Turkey.
TL;DR: In the examined herbaria every specimen that was collected from the hills under the name of C. chinensis Lam.
Abstract: Cuscuta campestris Yuncker is recorded as a novum on the Palni Hills (India). The parasite occurs in great quantities along the edge of roads, agricultural fields (mostly coffee plantations) and along the bank of streams. The species parasitized every herbaceous plant which came into contact with it. In the examined herbaria every specimen that was collected from the hills under the name of C. chinensis Lam. was reidentified as C. campestris . In addition, despite of the systematic field research there was not found any C. chinensis specimen on the Palni Hills. In this study, several illustrations of C. chinensis are collected and displayed, furthermore the international literature of the morphology and taxonomy of the species are reviewed.
TL;DR: Cement dust affected plants showed a consistent reduction in the photosynthetic pigments, NPK, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid contents as well as phytomass and length of leaves at both the sites, however, proline contents of the foliage exhibited increased levels in the same environmental set-up.
Abstract: Corms of saffron were sown under ambient field conditions in selected plots in September 2004 at a distance of about 1 and 2 kmon the southern side of the Khrew cement factory located in district Pulwama experiencing a dust fall of about 2.08 and 1.19 gm −2 day −1 , respectively. The study carried out for two consecutive growth years (2004–2005 and 2005–2006), each year for a period of 7 months (September–March) has revealed that cement dust affected plants showed a consistent reduction in the photosynthetic pigments, NPK, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid contents as well as phytomass and length of leaves at both the sites. However, proline contents of the foliage exhibited increased levels in the same environmental set-up. The results also showed that various morphological characters of the flowers, viz. size of perianth, length and biomass of the pistil and stigma (saffron of commerce) as well as the whole flower suffered significantly greater reductions under the impact of cement dust pollution. The yield o...
TL;DR: The Selinka from Turkey deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum have been investigated and compared with Szatala’s publications, and 178 infraspecific taxa were determined and 29 unpublished specimens were discovered.
Abstract: In this study, lichen collections of J. Andrasovszky, H. Dingler, I. Gyorffy de Szigeth, K. Krause, J. Mattfeld, M. F. Nabelek, V. Pietschmann and S. Selinka from Turkey deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum have been investigated and compared with Szatala’s publications. After this reassessment, 178 infraspecific taxa were determined. Moreover, 29 unpublished specimens were discovered. In addition, the collecting localities, which are positioned in cities such as Bursa, Duzce, Gaziantep, Hakkari, Kyrklareli, Konya, Ystanbul, Yzmir, Sakarya, Trabzon, Van and Zonguldak, are discussed, and a map of these localities is provided.
TL;DR: A new section is established for a group of five species under the name Paradeppea, characterized by flowers of funnel-shaped corolla with longer tube than the corolla lobes, short filaments and included anthers in the throat, features different from those of the type species D. erythrorhiza.
Abstract: Two new species of the genus Deppea . Schltdl. et Cham. were collected in the Putla district of Oaxaca state, near to the Oaxaca-Guerrero border near to the southern end of the eastern wing of the Sierra Madre Occidental, both species belong to the group characterised by flowers of funnel-shaped corolla with longer tube than the corolla lobes, short filaments and included anthers in the throat, features different from those of the type species D. erythrorhiza and related species with rotated flowers with short tube and long corolla lobes, long exerted filaments and anthers. Based on the mentioned floral-morphological differences — similar to those detected formerly in the genus Edithea Standl. — a new section is established for a group of five species under the name Paradeppea .
TL;DR: The small leaved new species (O. parvifolia) holds the main characteristics of the genus Omiltemia, the slightly asymmetrical tubular corolla and the broadly winged filaments inserted in the lower half of the corolla tube, just above of its narrow part, confirms the separation from Pseudomiltemia Borhidi.
Abstract: A new species of the monotypic endemic genus Omiltemia Standl. was discovered in the Sierra Madre Occidental at the western part of the state Oaxaca, near to the border of the state Guerrero. The small leaved new species (O. parvifolia) holding the main characteristics of the genus Omiltemia, the slightly asymmetrical tubular corolla and the broadly winged filaments inserted in the lower half of the corolla tube, just above of its narrow part, confirms the separation of the genus from Pseudomiltemia Borhidi.
TL;DR: A new closed rock sward association has been found and described in the Villany Mts (SW Hungary) by computing the spectra of the social behaviour types and ecological properties of the community were characterised by using ecological indicator values.
Abstract: A new closed rock sward association ( Festuco rupicolae-Arrhenatheretum Erdős et Morschhauser, ass. nova.) has been found and described in the Villany Mts (SW Hungary). This community lives in northern expositions, near the ridge or the plateau. Bedrock is limestone and dolomite. In the association dominated by the grasses Festuca rupicola and Arrhenatherum elatius , an unusual mixing of species can be encountered: species of the mesophilous forests, of the karst shrub-forests and of the xerophilous grasslands and rock swards occur together in this community. Description of the new community as a distinct association is supported by the PCoA ordination and the differential species. Ecological properties of the community were characterised by using ecological indicator values. This analysis also shows the dual character of the association. We analysed the new association by computing the spectra of the social behaviour types. The extraordinarily great amount of the disturbance tolerants is probably a conse...
TL;DR: The new genus is based on Declieuxia galeottii M. Martens, which is related to Bouvardia subgen.
Abstract: The new genus is based on Declieuxia galeottii M. Martens described in 1844. Its taxonomic position has been doubtful up to now. Kirkbride excluded it from Declieuxia (1976) and it was transferred into four different genera ( Manettia in 1927, Hedyotis in 1989, Bouvardia in 2008, and Mexotis in 2009). The new genus is related to Bouvardia subgen. Bouvardiastrum (Schltdl.) Blackwell — belonging to Spermacoceae instead of Hedyotideae — with oblate loculicidal capsule and subcircular to ellipsoid compressed seeds with narrow wing, but differs in having small white flowers with funnel-form corollas, corolla tube mostly naked at the base inside (hairy in B. albiflora ) and with long haired villous throat and corolla lobes inside. The description of Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence (1994) and the discovery of further three species (Borhidi et al. 2008) with the same character combination of the floral features convinced the authors of this paper to separate this five membered species group at generic level, dedic...
TL;DR: Two new species of the family Rubiaceae were collected by the members of the Society for the Study of Biotic Resources of Oaxaca (SERBO) in the state Oaxacan (Mexico).
Abstract: Two new species of the family Rubiaceae were collected by the members of the Society for the Study of Biotic Resources of Oaxaca (SERBO) in the state Oaxaca (Mexico). One of them is the Arachnothryx sanchezii shrub with scandent twigs and broadly spiked inflorescences, related to A. heteranthera , belonging to the Guettardeae tribe according the new molecular studies of Rova et al. (2009). The other species is Bouvardia mitlensis , a low dense shrub with small leaves and plentiful small white flowers belonging to the Bouvardioides section, near to B. erecta and B. rosei .
TL;DR: The galanthamin alkaloid which is isolated from the bulbs of Galanthus species is used in the physical therapy for poliomyelitis and in the treatment of same vascular diseases will be useful in pharmacy in Turkey.
Abstract: Galanthus gracilis Celak ranks among the finest snowdrops for garden and there are a number of excellent variants available from specialist bulb nurseries. Gracilines, a subgroup of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids was isolated from Galanthus gracilis of Turkish origin. The galanthamin alkaloid which is isolated from the bulbs of Galanthus species is used in the physical therapy for poliomyelitis and in the treatment of same vascular diseases will be useful in pharmacy in Turkey.In this study, morphological and anatomical properties of Galanthus gracilis were investigated. Outer surface of inner perianth segments with green patches at apex and base is characteristics for Galanthus gracilis . Cross-sections of the root, scape and parts of the leaf were examined and demonstrated in anatomical studies.
TL;DR: Frullania ramuligera, an overlooked, rare and long-lost liverwort, has been rediscovered in the southern Western Ghats in India after nearly two centuries.
Abstract: Frullania ramuligera , an overlooked, rare and long-lost liverwort, has been rediscovered in the southern Western Ghats in India after nearly two centuries. Till now the collection made by Perrottet during 1834–1839 in the Nilgiri Hills is the only representative of this species.
TL;DR: The aim of modelling is to define within germination time the duration of the different stages and their temperature dependence and the periods follow Arrhenius-type relations with (average) activation energies typical for the given stages and according to the germinationTime.
Abstract: This present work is modelling the three physiological stages of germination. The aim of modelling is to define within germination time the duration of the different stages and their temperature dependence. The periods follow Arrhenius-type relations with (average) activation energies typical for the given stages and according to the germination time as well. The germination time being different seed-by-seed can be considered a random variable of normal distribution according to the model. The result of the model was controlled by experimental data given by seed germination trials of the common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and in cases using those given on other seeds (rice, pea).
TL;DR: The R. longicollis is an outstanding species because of its long peduncle and few-flowered inflorescence as mentioned in this paper, and it is a member of the R. anew Rudgea species.
Abstract: Anew Rudgea species was collected in Honduras. The R. longicollis is an outstanding species because of its long peduncle and few-flowered inflorescence.
TL;DR: Two new species appeared from collections made in Chiapas and Oaxaca states, which have two characters uncommon in the genus, namely the C. chiapensis and C. rafa-torresii, which turned to be necessary to modify the generic description.
Abstract: Coussarea is a neotropical genus including over 100 species of trees and shrubs. In the flora of Mexico it has been represented by a unique species, C. mexicana . Recently two new species appeared from collections made in Chiapas and Oaxaca states, which have two characters uncommon in the genus, namely the C. chiapensis has 5-merous flowers and the C. rafa-torresii has unisexual dioiceous flowers, while the overwhelming majority of the Coussarea species has bisexual, 4-merous flowers. Therefore it turned to be necessary to modify the generic description.
TL;DR: In this paper, two green microalgae, Dunaliella bardawil and Chlorella ellipsoidea, are exposed to different pH values, and the results showed that dry weight gain and biochemical components of D. bardwil were greatly enhanced at pH 7.5 and decreased as pH directed to the alkaline side.
Abstract: In this study, two green microalgae, Dunaliella bardawil and Chlorella ellipsoidea , are exposed to different pH values. The two tested microalgae could grow in a wide range of pH (4–9 for D. bardawil and 4–10 for C. ellipsoidea ). The dry weight gain and the biochemical components of D. bardawil were greatly enhanced at pH 7.5. On the contrary, dry weight and carbohydrate content of C. ellipsoidea attained their maximum values at the alkaline pH. On the other hand, the protein content of C. ellipsoidea recorded its highest value at pH 4, while the pigment content of the same alga highly accumulated at pH 4, 6 and 7.5 and decreased as pH directed to the alkaline side. Both pH 6 and pH 9 stimulated the accumulation of vitamin E and vitamin C in D. bardawil , with the highest values of the three compounds recorded at pH 9. In case of C. ellipsoidea , β-carotene content increased at pH 6 and 10 as compared with control, but the amount of β-carotene was much higher at pH 6 than at pH 10. Contrarily, vitamin E...