Showing papers in "Acta Metallurgica Sinica (english Letters) in 2004"

A Flow Stress Model for AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

Abstract: The flow stress behaviors of AZ61 alloy has been investigated at temperature range from 523 to 673K with the strain rates of 0.001-1s-1.It is found that the average activation energy,strain rate sensitive exponent and stress exponent are different at various deformation conditions changing from 1i3.6 to 176.3k J/mol,0.125 to 0.167 and 6 to 8 respectively.A flow stress model for AZ61 alloy is derived by analyzing the stress data based on hot compression test.It is demonstrated that the flow stress model including strain hardening exponent and strain softening exponent is suitable to predicate the flow stress.The prediction of the flow stress of AZ61 alloy has shown to be good agreement with the test data.The maximum differences of the peak stresses calculated by the model and obtained by experiment is less than 8%.

DETERMINATION AND APPLICATION OF LARSON-MILLER PARAMETER FOR HEAT RESISTANT STEEL 12CrlMoV AND 15CrMo

Abstract: Based on the analysis and processing on relative empirical formula and data, C-values in Larson-Miller (P) expression, P = T(C + lgt), have determined for pearlitic heat resistant steel 12Cr1Mo V and 15 CrMo (20. 62 and 20. 30). The simulation experiments of high temperature aging, heated from 1.5 to 873 hours, have been designed and performed for its verification. And in combination with published information and the present nearly quantitative works, it has further been verified that both the degradations of microstructures and mechanical properties show a good accuracy and practicability using the Larson-Miller parameter with the present determined C-values. Finally, the effects of carbon content on C-value are analyzed by the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET).

Application of the unified statistical material database for design and life／risk assessment of high temperature components

Abstract: Statistical manipulation of material data was conducted for probabilistic life assessment or risk-based design and maintenance for high temperature components of power plants. To obtain the statistical distribution of material properties, dominant parameters affecting material properties are introduced into normalization of statistical variables. Those parameters are hardness, chemical composition, characteristic microstructural features and so on. Creep and fatigue properties are expressed by normalized parameters and the unified statistical distributions are obtained. These probability distribution functions show good coincidence statistically with the field database of steam turbine components. It was concluded that the unified statistical baseline approach is useful for the risk management of components in power plants.

Fatigue Properties of Austempered Ductile Iron(ADI) in Water Environment

Abstract: The acicular ferrite in austempered ductile iron(ADI)matrix around graphite was corroded preferentially in wet condition,promoting crack origination and propagation and resulting in the disappearance of ADI fatigue limit.ADI fatigue strength was gradually reduced with increasing the time of test and was reduced by 50% in wet condition at 107 cycles compared with the fatigue limit in dry condition.The fatigue strength variation of ferritic ductile iron in wet condition was similar to that of ADI.The ferritic ductile iron,however,has better corrosion resistance so that the fatigue strength was lowered only by 10% in wet condition at 107 cycles compared with the fatigue limit in dry condition.On the other hand,the fatigue limits of A DI and ferritic ductile iron were dropped by 32% and 25% in tap water dipping 480h/dry condition respectively compared with those in dry condition.The reduction of fatigue limit was attributed to corrosion pits formation correlated with stress concentration,resulting in origination and propagation of fatigue crack.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN AN INTERCRITICALLY HEAT-TREATED BAINITE-TRANSFORMED 2%Si STEEL

Abstract: A significant amount of austenite can be retained by rapid cooling following intercritical annealing and holding at the bainite transformation range in steel with comparatively low carbon and silicon contents. Retained austenite is blocky and very fine and moderately stabilized due to C enrichment. The elongation and the strength-ductility balance of the steel can be enhanced considerably due to strain-induced martensite transformation and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) of retained austenite.

Study on the mechanism of graphitization in molten cast iron promoted by electropulse discharge

Abstract: From the points of both molten cast iron structure and the appearing ratio of electrons in outer-layer of different atoms, analysis on enhancement mechanism of graphitization ability after processing of the iron by pulse electric discharge has been made, and the theory has been proofed by corresponding experiments. The results show that when the molten cast iron is being processed by pulse electric discharge, both the size of crystal embryos that composed by Fe and C atoms as well as the number of clusters can bereduced, even be separated by such discharging; consequently results in the segregation of C atoms in the molten cast iron near the cathode of discharging. The nucleation of graphite in these areas of the iron has been promoted at the discharging temperature; even though such degree has not been reached, the most favorable nucleation conditions of graphite can be at least created. Under the preconditions of not breaking up the graphite crystal embryos, with proper adjustment of discharging frequency, the stronger of the electric field and the longer of the pulsation treatment time are, the more graphitization ability of the molten cast iron is. The theoretical analysis on the above rules consists well with experimental results.

Discrepancies in the regression modelling of recrystallization rate as using the data from physical simulation tests

Abstract: The analysis of numerous experimental equations published in the literature reveals a wide scatter in the predictions for the static recrystallization kinetics of steels. The powers of the deformation variables, strain and strain rate, similarly as the power of the grain size vary in these equations. These difierences are highlighted and the typical values are compared between torsion and compression tests. Potential errors in physical simulation testing are discussed.

High cycle fatigue properties of nickel-base alloy 718

Abstract: The fatigue properties of nickel-base Alloy 718 with fine- and grain-coarse grains were investigated. In the fine-grain alloy, the fatigue strength normalized by the tensile strengtn was 0.51 at 107 cycles. In contrast, the fatigue strength of the coarse-grain alloy was 0.32 at the same cycles, although the fatigue strengths in the range from 103to 105 cycles are the same for both alloys. The fracture appearances fatigued at around 106 cycles showed internal fractures originating from the flat facets of austenite grains for both alloys. The difference in fatigue strength at 107 cycles between the fine- and coarse-grain alloys could be explained in terms of the sizes of the facets from which the fractures originated.

SYNTHESIS OF NANO-ZnO PARTICLES FOR ALUMINUM METALLURGY AS INERT ANODE MATERIAL

Abstract: Nano-ZnO particle was produced by evaporating zinc powders in air at air flow-rate from 0.2 to 0.6m3/h. Nano-ZnO particles was formed by the oxidation of the evaporated zinc vapor. X-ray diffraction shows the powders to be ZnO with lattice parameters of a=0.3249nm and c=0.5205nm. The particle size is dependent upon the transit time from the source to the collection area. The size of particles was ranged between 81 to 103nm. The average density resulted was 4.865g/cm3.Normal ZnO and nano-ZnO were investigated to use them in aluminum metallurgy as an inert anode material. A certain amount of both oxides were molded subsequently inserted to the molten cryolite-aluminum oxide to investigate the corrosive behavior of both oxides. When the sintering temperature increased up to 1300 ℃, the weight loss ratio rose to 5.01%-7.33% and up to 7.67%-10.18% for nano-ZnO and normal ZnO, respectively. However, when the samples in the molten cryolite aluminum oxide were put for long time, the corrosive rate was found to be higher. It was found that the corrosive loss weight ratio of nano-ZnO anode was much lower than the normal one made from ordinary-ZnO providing that the nano-ZnO is more possible to be use inert anode material.

Numerical study of the notch effect on the creep behavior and life of nickel-base single crystal superalloys

Abstract: Numerical calculations of creep damage development and life behavior of circular notched specimens of nickel-base single crystal had been performed The creep stress distributions depend on the specimen geometry For a small notch radius, von Mises stress has an especial distribution The damage distribution is greatly influenced by the notch depth, notch radius as well as notch type The creep crack initiation place is different for each notched specimen The characteristics of notch strengthening and notch weakening depend on the notch radius and notch type For the same notch type,the creep rupture lives decrease with the decreasing of notch radius A creep life model has been presented for the multiaxial stress states based on the crystallographic slip system theory

Isochronous stress-strain curves of low alloy steel cross-weld-specimen at high temperature

Abstract: In this work, a parametric approach is presented and utilized to determine the creep properties of weldments; then the model of creep strain for cross weld specimen is given. On the basis of the experimental results, attempt has been made to establish equations of the isochronous stress-strain for weld joint that can predict the function of loading and service time in use of the creep data of base metal and weld metal.