Showing papers in "Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors give new proofs of a global and a local property of the integrals which compute closed string theory amplitudes at genus zero, which are related to the newborn theory of singlevalued periods.
Abstract: We give new proofs of a global and a local property of the integrals which compute closed string theory amplitudes at genus zero. Both kinds of properties are related to the newborn theory of single-valued periods, and our proofs provide an intuitive understanding of this relation. The global property, known in physics as the KLT formula, is a factorisation of the closed string integrals into products of pairs of open string integrals. We deduce it by identifying closed string integrals with special values of single-valued correlation functions in two dimensional conformal field theory, and by obtaining their conformal block decomposition. The local property is of number theoretical nature. We write the asymptotic expansion coefficients as multiple integrals over the complex plane of special functions known as single-valued hyperlogarithms. We develop a theory of integration of single-valued hyperlogarithms, and we use it to demonstrate that the asymptotic expansion coefficients belong to the ring of single-valued multiple zeta values.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a simple gauge-fixing that leads to a construction of a quantum Hilbert space for quantum gravity in an asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetime, valid to all orders of perturbation theory, is described.
Abstract: We describe a simple gauge-fixing that leads to a construction of a quantum Hilbert space for quantum gravity in an asymptotically Anti de Sitter spacetime, valid to all orders of perturbation theory. The construction is motivated by a relationship of the phase space of gravity in asymptotically Anti de Sitter spacetime to a cotangent bundle. We describe what is known about this relationship and some extensions that might plausibly be true. A key fact is that, under certain conditions, the Einstein Hamiltonian constraint equation can be viewed as a way to gauge fix the group of conformal rescalings of the metric of a Cauchy hypersurface. An analog of the procedure that we follow for Anti de Sitter gravity leads to standard results for a Klein-Gordon particle.
8 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a supersymmetric model with fermions as a gauged Gross-Neveu model is presented and the super phase space of the model is identified as a supersymplectic quotient.
Abstract: We elaborate the formulation of the $\mathsf{CP^{n-1}}$ sigma model with fermions as a gauged Gross-Neveu model. This approach allows to identify the super phase space of the model as a supersymplectic quotient. Potential chiral gauge anomalies are shown to receive contributions from bosons and fermions alike and are related to properties of this phase space. Along the way we demonstrate that the worldsheet supersymmetric model is a supersymplectic quotient of a model with target space supersymmetry. Possible generalizations to other quiver supervarieties are briefly discussed.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the minimal area Riemannian extremal metric on 2n-sided polygons with length conditions on curves joining opposite sides was shown to coincide with the conformal extremal distance metric on the regular 2n$-gon.
Abstract: We apply recently developed convex programs to find the minimal-area Riemannian metric on $2n$-sided polygons ($n\geq 3$) with length conditions on curves joining opposite sides. We argue that the Riemannian extremal metric coincides with the conformal extremal metric on the regular $2n$-gon. The hexagon was considered by Calabi. The region covered by the maximal number $n$ of geodesics bands extends over most of the surface and exhibits positive curvature. As $n\to \infty$ the metric, away from the boundary, approaches the well-known round extremal metric on $\mathbb{RP}_2$. We extend Calabi's isosystolic variational principle to the case of regions with more than three bands of systolic geodesics. The extremal metric on $\mathbb{RP}_2$ is a stationary point of this functional applied to a surface with infinite number of systolic bands.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors considered the classification of asymptotically flat, stationary, vacuum black hole spacetimes in four and five dimensions, that admit one and two commuting axial Killing fields respectively.
Abstract: We consider the classification of asymptotically flat, stationary, vacuum black hole spacetimes in four and five dimensions, that admit one and two commuting axial Killing fields respectively. It is well known that the Einstein equations reduce to a harmonic map on the two-dimensional orbit space, which itself arises as the integrability condition for a linear system of spectral equations. We integrate the Belinski-Zakharov spectral equations along the boundary of the orbit space and use this to fully determine the metric and associated Ernst and twist potentials on the axes and horizons. This is sufficient to derive the moduli space of solutions that are free of conical singularities on the axes, for any given rod structure. As an illustration of this method we obtain constructive uniqueness proofs for the Kerr and Myers-Perry black holes and the known doubly spinning black rings.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a conjecture for crossing symmetry rules for Chern-Simons gauge theories interacting with massive matter in 2+1-dimensional dimensions is presented, which is consistent with the conjectured level-rank, Bose-Fermi duality between these theories and take the form of a $q=e^{\frac{ 2 \pi i }{\kappa}}$ deformation of their large Chern-simons counterparts.
Abstract: We present a conjecture for the crossing symmetry rules for Chern-Simons gauge theories interacting with massive matter in $2+1$ dimensions. Our crossing rules are given in terms of the expectation values of particular tangles of Wilson lines, and reduce to the standard rules at large Chern-Simons level. We present completely explicit results for the special case of two fundamental and two antifundamental insertions in $SU(N)_k$ and $U(N)_k$ theories. These formulae are consistent with the conjectured level-rank, Bose-Fermi duality between these theories and take the form of a $q=e^{\frac{ 2 \pi i }{\kappa}}$ deformation of their large $k$ counterparts. In the 't Hooft large $N$ limit our results reduce to standard rules with one twist: the $S$-matrix in the singlet channel is reduced by the factor $\frac{\sin \pi \lambda}{\pi \lambda} $ (where $\lambda$ is the 't Hooft coupling), explaining `anomalous' crossing properties observed in earlier direct large $N$ computations.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the extension of the BV theory for three-dimensional General Relativity to all higher-codimension strata (i.e., boundaries, corners, and vertices) was shown to be strongly equivalent to (nondegenerate) BF theory at all codimensions.
Abstract: We compute the extension of the BV theory for three-dimensional General Relativity to all higher-codimension strata - boundaries, corners and vertices - in the BV-BFV framework. Moreover, we show that such extension is strongly equivalent to (nondegenerate) BF theory at all codimensions.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the construction of almost contact metric (three-) structures on manifolds with a $G_2$ structure has been studied and Tantalising links between ACM3Ss and associative and coassociative submanifolds are observed.
Abstract: We review the construction of almost contact metric (three-) structures on manifolds with a $G_2$ structure. These are of interest for certain supersymmetric configurations in string and M-theory. We compute the torsion of the SU(3) structure associated to an ACMS and apply these computations to heterotic $G_2$ systems and supersymmetry enhancement. We initiate the study of the space of ACM3Ss, which is an infinite dimensional space with a local product structure and interesting topological features. Tantalising links between ACM3Ss and associative and coassociative submanifolds are observed.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence (AHSS) is used to characterize the Ramond-Ramond fields and their quantization, which involves interesting interplay between geometric and topological data.
Abstract: We provide a systematic approach to describing the Ramond-Ramond (RR) fields as elements in twisted differential K-theory. This builds on a series of constructions by the authors on geometric and computational aspects of twisted differential K-theory, which to a large extent were originally motivated by this problem. In addition to providing a new conceptual framework and a mathematically solid setting, this allows us to uncover interesting and novel effects. Explicitly, we use our recently constructed Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence (AHSS) for twisted differential K-theory to characterize the RR fields and their quantization, which involves interesting interplay between geometric and topological data. We illustrate this with the examples of spheres, tori, and Calabi-Yau threefolds.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the spectrum of BPS particles on the Coulomb branch of five-dimensional superconformal field theories (5d SCFTs) compactified on a circle is studied.
Abstract: We study the spectrum of BPS particles on the Coulomb branch of five-dimensional superconformal field theories (5d SCFTs) compactified on a circle. By engineering these theories in M-theory on ${\mathbf X} \times S^1 $, for ${\mathbf X}$ an isolated Calabi-Yau threefold singularity, we naturally identify the BPS category of the 5d theory on a circle with the derived category of coherent sheaves on a resolution of ${\mathbf X}$. It follows that the BPS spectrum can be studied in terms of 5d BPS quivers, which are the fractional-brane quivers for the singularity ${\mathbf X}$. 5d BPS quivers generalize the well-studied 4d BPS quivers for 4d $\mathcal{N}{=}2$ gauge theories that can be obtained from ${\mathbf X}$ in so-called geometric engineering limits. We study the interplay between 4d and 5d BPS quivers in detail. We particularly focus on examples when ${\mathbf X}$ is a toric singularity, in which case the 5d BPS quiver is given in terms of a brane tiling. For instance, the well-studied $Y^{p,q}$ brane tiling gives a 5d BPS quiver for the $SU(p)_q$ 5d gauge theory. We present a conjecture about the structure of the BPS spectra of a wide class of models, which we test in the simple case of the 5d $SU(2)_0$ theory (more precisely, the $E_1$ SCFT). We also argue that 5d UV dualities can be realized in terms of mutation sequences on the BPS quivers, which are in turn interpreted as autoequivalences of the BPS category.
TL;DR: The Coulomb branch indices of Argyres-Douglas theories on the same space have been identified with matrix elements of modular transforms of certain vertex operator algebras in a particular limit as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: The Coulomb branch indices of Argyres-Douglas theories on $L(k,1)\times S^{1}$ are recently identified with matrix elements of modular transforms of certain $2d$ vertex operator algebras in a particular limit. A one parameter generalization of the modular transformation matrices of $(2N+3,2)$ minimal models are proposed to compute the full Coulomb branch index of $(A_{1},A_{2N})$ Argyres-Douglas theories on the same space. Morever, M-theory construction of these theories suggests direct connection to the refined Chern-Simons theory. The connection is made precise by showing how the modular transformation matrices of refined Chern-Simons theory are related to the proposed generalized ones for minimal models and the identification of Coulomb branch indices with the partition function of the refined Chern-Simons theory.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors illustrate an extension of polar duality between Fano toric varieties to a more general duality called ''framed'' duality, so giving rise to a powerful and unified method of producing mirror partners of hypersurfaces and complete intersections in toric variety, of any Kodaira dimension.
Abstract: The present paper is dedicated to illustrating an extension of polar duality between Fano toric varieties to a more general duality, called \emph{framed} duality, so giving rise to a powerful and unified method of producing mirror partners of hypersurfaces and complete intersections in toric varieties, of any Kodaira dimension. In particular, the class of projective hypersurfaces and their mirror partners are studied in detail. Moreover, many connections with known Landau-Ginzburg mirror models, Homological Mirror Symmetry and Intrinsic Mirror Symmetry, are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article , a spectral gap-filling phenomenon occurs whenever a Hamiltonian operator encounters a coarse index obstruction upon compression to a domain with boundary, which contributes to quantised current channels, which follow and are localised at the possibly complicated boundary.
Abstract: We prove that a spectral gap-filling phenomenon occurs whenever a Hamiltonian operator encounters a coarse index obstruction upon compression to a domain with boundary. Furthermore, the gap-filling spectra contribute to quantised current channels, which follow and are localised at the possibly complicated boundary. This index obstruction is shown to be insensitive to deformations of the domain boundary, so the phenomenon is generic for magnetic Laplacians modelling quantum Hall systems and Chern topological insulators. A key construction is a quasi-equivariant version of Roe's algebra of locally compact finite propagation operators.
TL;DR: In this article , the inverse spectral problem for Bessel type operators with potential (v(x)): (H_\kappa=-\partial_x^ 2+\frac{k}{x^2}+v
Abstract: We study the inverse spectral problem for Bessel type operators with potential (v(x)): (H_\kappa=-\partial_x^2+\frac{k}{x^2}+v(x)). The potential is assumed smooth in ((0,R)) and with an asymptotic expansion in powers and logarithms as (x\rightarrow 0^+, v(x)=O(x^\alpha), \alpha >-2). Specifically we show that the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of the potential are spectrally determined. This is achieved by computing the expansion of the trace of the resolvent of this operator which is spectrally determined and elaborating the relation of the expansion of the resolvent with that of the potential, through the singular asymptotics lemma.
TL;DR: The drift method, introduced by the second author, provides a new formulation of the Einstein constraint equations, either in vacuum or with matter fields as mentioned in this paper , and it can be applied even when the underlying metric admits conformal Killing (but not true Killing) vector fields.
Abstract: The drift method, introduced by the second author, provides a new formulation of the Einstein constraint equations, either in vacuum or with matter fields. The natural of the geometry underlying this method compensates for its slightly greater analytic complexity over, say, the conformal or conformal thin sandwich methods. We review this theory here and apply it to the study of solutions of the constraint equations with non-constant mean curvature. We show that this method reproduces previously known existence results obtained by other methods, and does better in one important regard. Namely, it can be applied even when the underlying metric admits conformal Killing (but not true Killing) vector fields. We also prove that the absence of true Killing fields holds generically.
TL;DR: In this paper , it was shown that topological recursion applied to the spectral curve of colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots reproduces the n-point functions of a particular partition function called the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function.
Abstract: We prove that topological recursion applied to the spectral curve of colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of torus knots reproduces the n-point functions of a particular partition function called the extended Ooguri-Vafa partition function. This generalizes and refines the results of Brini-Eynard-Marino and Borot-Eynard-Orantin. We also discuss how the statement of spectral curve topological recursion in this case fits into the program of Alexandrov-Chapuy-Eynard-Harnad of establishing the topological recursion for general weighted double Hurwitz numbers partition functions (a.k.a. KP tau-functions of hypergeometric type).
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an action for bosonic $p-adic strings in curved target spacetime, and showed that the vacuum Einstein equations of the target are a consequence of worldsheet scaling symmetry of the quantum $p$-adic string, similar to the ordinary bosonic strings case.
Abstract: For an arbitrary prime number $p$, we propose an action for bosonic $p$-adic strings in curved target spacetime, and show that the vacuum Einstein equations of the target are a consequence of worldsheet scaling symmetry of the quantum $p$-adic strings, similar to the ordinary bosonic strings case. It turns out that certain $p$-adic automorphic forms are the plane wave modes of the bosonic fields on $p$-adic strings, and that the regularized normalization of these modes on the $p$-adic worldsheet presents peculiar features which reduce part of the computations to familiar setups in quantum field theory, while also exhibiting some new features that make loop diagrams much simpler. Assuming a certain product relation, we also observe that the adelic spectrum of the bosonic string corresponds to the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann Zeta function.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors studied the global behavior of Hitchin integrable systems as the underlying curve varies over the Deligne-Mumford moduli space of stable pointed curves.
Abstract: Motivated by the connection to 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories, we study the global behavior of families of tamely-ramified $SL_N$ Hitchin integrable systems as the underlying curve varies over the Deligne-Mumford moduli space of stable pointed curves. In particular, we describe a flat degeneration of the Hitchin system to a nodal base curve and show that the behaviour of the integrable system at the node is partially encoded in a pair $(O,H)$ where $O$ is a nilpotent orbit and $H$ is a simple Lie subgroup of $F_{O}$, the flavour symmetry group associated to $O$. The family of Hitchin systems is nontrivially-fibered over the Deligne-Mumford moduli space. We prove a non-obvious result that the Hitchin bases fit together to form a vector bundle over the compactified moduli space. For the particular case of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{0,4}$, we compute this vector bundle explicitly. Finally, we give a classification of the allowed pairs $(O,H)$ that can arise for any given $N$.
TL;DR: In this article , a vanishing first obstruction cohomology of a supermanifold model was studied and its relation to projectability of supermaniforms was deduced in terms of the Batchelor-type theorem.
Abstract: On a group $G$, a filtration by normal subgroups is referred to as a normal series. If subsequent quotients are abelian, the filtration is referred to as an \emph{abelian-quotient normal series}, or `AQ normal series' for short. In this article we consider `sheaves of AQ normal series'. From a given AQ normal series satisfying an additional hypothesis we derive a complex whose first cohomology obstructs the resolution of an `integration problem'. These constructs are then applied to the classification of supermanifolds modelled on $(X, T^*_{X, -})$, where $X$ is a complex manifold and $T^*_{X, -}$ is a holomorphic vector bundle. We are lead to the notion of an `obstruction complex' associated to a model $(X, T^*_{X, -})$ whose cohomology is referred to as `obstruction cohomology'. We deduce a number of interesting consequences of a vanishing first obstruction cohomology. Among the more interesting consequences are its relation to projectability of supermanifolds and a `Batchelor-type' theorem: if the obstruction cohomology of a `good' model $(X, T^*_{X, -})$ vanishes, then any supermanifold modelled on $(X, T^*_{X, -})$ will be split.
TL;DR: In this paper , it was shown that brane charge quantization in this differential 4-Cohomotopy theory implies intersecting p/(p+2)-brane moduli given by ordered configurations of points in the transversal 3-space.
Abstract: We introduce a differential refinement of Cohomotopy cohomology theory, defined on Penrose diagram spacetimes, whose cocycle spaces are unordered configuration spaces of points. First we prove that brane charge quantization in this differential 4-Cohomotopy theory implies intersecting p/(p+2)-brane moduli given by ordered configurations of points in the transversal 3-space. Then we show that the higher (co-)observables on these brane moduli, conceived as the (co-)homology of the Cohomotopy cocycle space, are given by weight systems on horizontal chord diagrams and reflect a multitude of effects expected in the microscopic quantum theory of Dp/D(p+2)-brane intersections: condensation to stacks of coincident branes and their Chan-Paton factors, BMN matrix model and fuzzy funnel states, M2-brane 3-algebras, the Hanany-Witten rules, AdS3-gravity observables, supersymmetric indices of Coulomb branches as well as gauge/gravity duality between all these. We discuss this in the context of the hypothesis that the M-theory C-field is charge-quantized in Cohomotopy theory.
TL;DR: In this article , the singularity types of 1/2 Calabi-Yau 3-folds were analyzed using blow-ups and deduced singular fibers have applications in studying the gauge groups formed in 6D F-theory compactifications.
Abstract: We discuss a method for classifying the singularity types of 1/2 Calabi-Yau 3-folds, a family of rational elliptic 3-folds introduced in a previous study in relation to various U(1) factors in 6D F-theory models. A projective dual pair of del Pezzo manifolds recently studied by Mukai is used to analyze the singularity types. In particular, we studied the maximal rank seven singularity types of 1/2 Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The structures of the singular fibers are analyzed using blow-ups. Double covers of the 1/2 Calabi-Yau 3-folds yield elliptic Calabi-Yau 3-folds and applications to six-dimensional $N = 1$ F-theory on the Calabi-Yau 3-folds are also discussed. The deduced singular fibers have applications in studying the gauge groups formed in 6D F-theory compactifications. The blow-up methods used to analyze the singular fibers and sections utilized in this research might have applications in studying the U(1) factors and hypermultiplets charged under U(1) in 6D F-theory.
TL;DR: In this paper , it was shown that there exists diverging magnetic memory sourced by the magnetic part of the curvature tensor in the Einstein vacuum and the corresponding energy-momentum component.
Abstract: We investigate the Einstein vacuum equations as well as the Einstein-null fluid equations describing neutrino radiation. We find new structures in gravitational waves and memory for asymptotically-flat spacetimes of slow decay. These structures do not arise in spacetimes resulting from data that is stationary outside a compact set. Rather the more general situations exhibit richer geometric-analytic interactions displaying the physics of these more general systems. It has been known that for stronger decay of the data gravitational wave memory is finite and of electric parity only. We investigate general spacetimes that are asymptotically flat in a rough sense, where the decay of the data to Minkowski space towards infinity is very slow. Main new feature: We prove that there exists diverging magnetic memory sourced by the magnetic part of the curvature tensor (a) in the Einstein vacuum and (b) in the Einstein-null-fluid equations. The magnetic memory occurs naturally in the Einstein vacuum setting (a) of pure gravity. In case (b), in the ultimate class of solutions, the magnetic memory also contains a curl term from the energy-momentum tensor for neutrinos also diverging at the highest rate. The electric memory diverges too, it is generated by the electric part of the curvature tensor and in the Einstein-null-fluid situation also by the corresponding energy-momentum component. In addition, we find a panorama of finer structures in these manifolds. Some of these manifest themselves as additional contributions to both electric and magnetic memory. Our theorems hold for any type of matter or energy coupled to the Einstein equations as long as the data decays slowly towards infinity and other conditions are satisfied. The new results have many applications ranging from mathematical general relativity to gravitational wave astrophysics, detecting dark matter and other topics in physics.
TL;DR: In this paper , a geometric construction of a family of representations of the Berezin-Toeplitz deformation quantization algebra for a Kahler manifold equipped with a prequantum line bundle was given.
Abstract: For a K\"ahler manifold $X$ equipped with a prequantum line bundle $L$, we give a geometric construction of a family of representations of the Berezin-Toeplitz deformation quantization algebra $(C^\infty(X)[[\hbar]],\star_{BT})$ parametrized by points $z_0 \in X$. The key idea is to use peak sections to suitably localize the Hilbert spaces $H^{0}\left(X,L^{\otimes m}\right)$ around $z_{0}$ in the large volume limit.
TL;DR: In this paper , it was shown that derived critical locus of a G$-invariant function carries a shifted moment map, and that derived symplectic reduction is the derived critical localization of the induced function on the orbit stack.
Abstract: We prove that the derived critical locus of a $G$-invariant function $S:X\to\mathbb{A}^1$ carries a shifted moment map, and that its derived symplectic reduction is the derived critical locus of the induced function $S_{red}:X/G\to\mathbb{A}^1$ on the orbit stack. We also provide a relative version of this result, and show that derived symplectic reduction commutes with derived lagrangian intersections.