Showing papers in "Agrivita : Journal of Agricultural Science in 2011"
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated pest management (IPM) farming system produces fewer negative externally affects, can effectively restore ecosystems and deliver well ecosystem services, depending on methods applied and degree of production, agricultural practices impact biodiversity in the ecosystem.
Abstract: The greatest problem of modern agricultural practices is the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. It is noted that about 40% of the world's land surface is used for agriculture. The way this agricultural land is managed has a great influence on the global environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) farming system produces fewer negative externally affects, can effectively restore ecosystems and deliver well ecosystem services. Depending on methods applied and degree of production, agricultural practices impact biodiversity in the ecosystem and it also influences conservation practices within the ecosystem. The result showed that diversity of soil fungi on IPM was higher than diversity on conventional one. Trichoderma sp. and Acremonium sp. which are known as antagonist fungi were found on IPM but not on conventional one. Domination Index on IPM was lower than conventional field. Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) disease intensity showed no difference on both systems. The yield on IPM was higher (6.34 ton/ha) than conventional field (5.56 ton/ha). It has been found that rich biodiversity in agricultural environment improves productivity of agricultural systems. The IPM system gives more regard to the soil fungi biodiversity and considers it as an integrated system upon which the success of the agricultural production depends. Keywords : Integrated Pest Management, biodiversity, soil fungi, modern agricultural
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the effectiveness and feasibility of bund terraces and silt-pit for improving FFB production and found that bund terrace treatment was more effective than silt pit treatment.
Abstract: The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of soil and water conservation techniques. The production of oil palm comprising the fresh fruit bunch, number of bunches, and average of bunch weight were recorded at every harvesting schedule. Tabular data were analyzed by logical comparison among the blocks as a result of application of bund terraces and silt-pit. Financial and sensitivity analysis of the effect of the techniques on FFB production were done. Bund terrace treatment was more effective (4.761 ton or 21.5%) in increasing FFB production than the silt-pit treatment (3.046 ton or 13.4%) when it is compared to that of the control block. The application of bund terraces and silt-pit also presents positive effects i.e. increases the average bunch weight and the number of bunch compared to that of the control. Furthermore, the financial analysis as well as sensitivity analysis shows that the bund terrace application is profitable and feasible (B/C = 3.06, IRR = 47%) while the silt pit treatment is profitable but not feasible. Keywords: Bund terrace, feasibility, production of FFB, silt-pit
12 citations
TL;DR: The dominant soil textural classes that occur in the saline areas of these regions are silty clay and silty clays as discussed by the authors and the dominant water soluble cations were Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ and anions Cl- and SO4 2-.
Abstract: Sea level rise is a growing threat for the coastal regions of Bangladesh. It is one of the most densely populated countries of the world where 28% of the population are living in the coastal area. Bangladesh has already been affected by sea level rise through land erosion, salinity intrusion and loss in biodiversity. Saline soil has a detrimental effect upon soil physical and chemical properties. The dominant soil textural classes that occur in the saline areas of these regions are silty clay. In both of the soils pH value of the surface horizon is slightly lower than those of the subsoil and sub stratums. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of all these soils varies from 12.0 to 27.6 meq/100 g soil expressing medium to high status. The organic matter content is medium to high at Asasuni and pretty low at Kalapara. In both areas, nutrient deficiencies of total nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were quite dominant but sulphur was high. Exchangeable sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were in high level. The dominant water soluble cations were Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ and anions Cl- and SO4 2-.The amount of accumulated salt was found higher at the surface and decreases with depth. Keywords : sea level rise, coastal areas, salinity, soils, flood plain
12 citations
TL;DR: Grain yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with plant height, pods/plant, 100-seed weight at genotypic and phenotypic levels at genotypes and phenotypes levels.
Abstract: The experiment was to determine the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits and select the promising genotypes. Twenty two genotypes and two check varieties were evaluated at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during Rabi season, 2008-2009 in a RCBD with three replications. Significant variation among the lentil genotypes were observed in respect of days to first flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pod/plant, 100-seed weight and yield. The genotype BLX-02009-06-3 flowered and matured earlier. Among the test entries, BLX- 02009-18-3 and BLX-02009-18-1 were tall. The highest number of pod per plant was obtained in BLX-02009-04-5. The large seed size was found in LR9-130 and LR9-25. The highest yield was found in BLX-02009-04-1 followed by BLX- 02009-04-5 than the two check varieties. Difference between genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation was small for the traits as plant height, days to maturity, days to first flowering and 100-seed weight. Among different traits, grain yield had high variation both at genotypic and phenotypic level due to the differences of genetic materials and also the differences of the environment. Grain yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with plant height, pods/plant, 100-seed weight at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Keywords : Lentil, genetic diversity and PCA
11 citations
TL;DR: Overall results of carbosulfan treatments suggested that the fogging insecticide technique was potentially as effective as spraying technique, which could be beneficial for bagworm control program due to the extensive areas of oil palm and the large size of canopy.
Abstract: Over the last few years, the bagworm Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) has become an important pest of oil palm, especially in North Sumatra. Recent report suggested that the bagworm has also been found in Lampung. The report requires preliminary survey to assess M. plana status and to prepare an effective control measure for the pest. This study was conducted to determine the relative density of M. plana in North Sumatra and Lampung and to compare the effectiveness of the spraying versus fogging application to control M. plana in oil palm fields. The observation confirmed that in 2010 M. plana colonies have developed in Lampung with an average relatively similar to that in North Sumatra during 2005. The finding implies that monitoring should be taken routinely to anticipate further development of the bagworm population in Lampung. Overall results of carbosulfan treatments suggested that the fogging insecticide technique was potentially as effective as spraying technique. This finding could be beneficial for bagworm control program due to the extensive areas of oil palm and the large size of canopy. A more thorough experiment is required to explore the most economical doses and to select effective insecticides to control M. plana. Keywords : Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), bagworm, oil palm, spraying vs. fogging application
10 citations
TL;DR: Results from experiments indicated that soybean plants infected with SMV and CMMV, alone or in combination produced mosaic symptom.
Abstract: The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify the mosaic symptom severity and the incidence the virus and relate these to soybean yield reduction is four regions of East Java; 2) diagnostic of the symptom using Indirect ELISA, RT-PCR and electron microscope observation. Results from experiments indicated that soybean plants infected with SMV and CMMV, alone or in combination produced mosaic symptom. Incidence of the virus, as judged by symptomatology, ranged from mild to severe infection the percentage of plants being from 13.42-30.10%. Soybean plants with mosaic symptom caused SMV from an early stage of development (14-28 days after planting). Soybean mosaic virus belongs to the virus family Potyviridae. Specific DNA fragment of 1687 bp was successfully amplified from soybean infected by SMV isolate Ngawi, Madiun, Magetan, and Ponorogo. Specific DNA fragment of 1385 bp was successfully amplified from SMV by CI coding region. The mosaic symptom on soybean plant (28-42 days after planting) caused CMMV. Flexious virus particle 650 nm in length was observed on electron microscope. It caused local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor, but not detected by I ELISA with antiserum SMV and RT-PCR with universal primer. Keywords: SMV, CMMV, I.ELISA, RT-PCR.
10 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that Actinomycetes and VAM application could decrease the percentage of plant death due to damping-off and gave effect on microorganism diversity of Ratai Rhizosphere but not on Wilis.
Abstract: One of the obstacles in the efforts to increase soybean production in Indonesia is disease such as damping off which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. In East Java, the intensity of S. Rolfsii reached approximately 8.61% that spread all over Indonesia region, even in our neighbor countries such as Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. This research was carried out to determine the efficacy of Actinomycetes and VAM (Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal) against damping-off attack and the diversity of microorganisms in rhizosfer. Research conducted in the laboratory and screen house on Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya and in Lawang District Malang. Observation variables include level of pathogen attack and infection rate of dampingoff pathogen. Plant height, number of pods, pod weight, seed weight and weight of 100 seeds from each treatment, diversity and identification of microorganisms in rhizosphere were also observed. The results showed that Actinomycetes and VAM application could decrease the percentage of plant death due to damping-off. Application of Actinomycetes and VAM gave effect on microorganism diversity of Ratai Rhizosphere but not on Wilis. Keywords: Sclerotium rolfsii, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal, actinomycetes, and rhizosphere
10 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that the presence of weed plant species in the earlier planting season of dry season 2005 tended to maintain the population of the predatory insects of rice pests, in particularly M. vittaticollis and Anaxipha longipennis.
Abstract: Weeds in the rice fields impact the population of M. vittaticollis and several predators on rice habitat. A study was conducted during rainy season 2004-2005 and dry season 2005, which selective weeding and weed strips were applied. In selective weeding, Monochoria vaginalis, Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, and Limnocharis flava were left, and made a weed strip at the periphery of rice plot which was consisted of those four species. Clean weeding as farmers usually do was also applied as a control treatment. Results showed that the presence of weed plant species in the earlier planting season of dry season 2005 tended to maintain the population of the predatory insects of rice pests, in particularly M. vittaticollis and Anaxipha longipennis. Population of Ophionea nigrofasciata, Paederus spp. and Micraspis inops were not different among the treatment plots during rainy season (2004-2005) and dry season (2005). The species number of predator and parasitoids seemed to increase slower in the clean weeded plot in comparing with the species number in selectively weeded or weeds strips plot at early planting season. Rice yield in the experimental plots were not significantly different. Some weeds in the rice fields may not have adverse effects on rice productivity. Keywords : generalist predator, weeding, predatory cricket
8 citations
TL;DR: Results showed that based on pod number per plant, soybean tolerance was polygenically controlled, where the gene action was additive and there was no allelic and non-allelic interaction genes.
Abstract: Al-toxicity stressed soybean will show its tolerance response by changing pod number per plant. Hence, Al-toxicity tolerance of soybean can be predicted using that character. The objective of the research was to study inheritance of pod number trait of soybean on acid soil. Development of base population was carried out by crossing the genotypes of W3898- 14-3 with MLGG 0583 and MLGG 0709 from March 2002 to January 2003. Then, from March to June 2003, 13 populations resulting from soybean base population were grown on Pulung Kencana, Tulang Bawang, Lampung, where the soil is Ultisol with Al saturity of 32.84%. The design was randomized completely block design with three replications. The space was 40 x 15 cm, one plant per hill. Results showed that based on pod number per plant, soybean tolerance was polygenically controlled, where the gene action was additive and there was no allelic and non-allelic interaction genes. Narrow sense heritability was low, while broad sense heritability was classified as high. Keywords : Al-toxicity, gene action, heritability, pod number trait, soybean
7 citations
TL;DR: In vitro regeneration of buds and shoots via organogenesis in two genotypes of snake plants (Sansevieria trifasciata) were established in this paper, where they were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-4-D) for one week, transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulator (MS0) for 1 week, and then cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 0.
Abstract: In vitro regeneration of buds and shoots via organogenesis in two genotypes of snake plants (Sansevieria trifasciata) were established. Leaf segments (1 x 1cm) of 'Hahnii' and 'Lorentii' were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 1 week, transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulator (MS0) for 1 week, and then cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l in three times of serial passages with 4 week intervals. The results showed that regeneration of S. trifasciata was established via indirect organogenesis. 'Lorentii' was more responsive on shoot regeneration than 'Hahni'. The most suitable BA concentration for shoot bud and shoot regeneration for both cultivars was 2 mg/l. Explants of 'Lorentii' cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BA produced 8.6 shoot buds and 3.4 shoots per explant after 14 weeks. Shoots derived from both cultivars were successfully ex vitro rooted and acclimatized in the greenhouse with high survival rate, i.e., from 96 -100%. Keywords : organogenesis, Sansevieria trifasciata 'Hahnii' and 'Lorenti', benzyladenine
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to determine the soil characteristics of soils derived from ultramafic rocks evaluated from the aspects of soil formation and classification as well as land suitability for oil palm extensification.
Abstract: Oil palm plantation in Langgikima was mostly grown in soils derived from ultramfic rocks which contain low productivity. Therefore, a study was required to determine the charac-teristics of soils evolved from ultramafic rocks evaluated from the aspects of soil formation and classification as well as land suitability for oil palm extensification. Soil observation in field had been carried out in locations of oil palm plantation with slope gradient Keywords : soil characteristics, ultramafic rock, oil palm
TL;DR: The implication of different host plant often close related to the soil management and properties have been found varied spores in the field or bare land have been collected from various host plant.
Abstract: In Indonesia, amount of biodiversity could be found including soil microorganism which were useful for sustainable agriculture. Everything lives in agricultural land were interacts and influences each others. Many factors of biotic and a-biotic environment such as land and climate fluctuation influences microbial expansion within the soils. For example arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) which was formed by myches (fungus) and root of higher plant maybe fluctuated in the expansion due to the soil tillage. Land management and the present higher plant affected its growth and expansion. Mycorrhizae spores as one of the important generative form of various species in the difference host plant. The implication of different host plant often close related to the soil management and properties. Soil sample that was collected from various host plant in the fields or bare land have been found varied spores. Andisols and its properties conserve higher organic matter relatively and developed in the cold temperature, therefore very suitable for AM expansion and also as natural resources stock of AM potentially. Keywords : arbuscular mycorrhiza, andisols, soil tillage, AM colonization
TL;DR: The assessment of insect order in the different landscape types was conducted using several method of trapping to understand the specific pattern of insect which are inhabited the landscape and determined the insect characteristic as the indicator of environmental quality on each land-use system.
Abstract: In the biological science, invertebrate (especially insect) diversity is relatively well known Yet, little study about their interaction with specific land use or specific system function With the rapid changes of landscape, biodiversity is also changes in response to human impact; due to each organism have the specific interaction with certain environment In this research, the assessment of insect order in the different landscape types was conducted using several method of trapping to understand the specific pattern of insect which are inhabited the landscape The objectives of this research were monitored the Insect diversity, its ecological importance to agro-forestry ecosystem, and compare it with other forest type in this area Another objective was determined the insect characteristic as the indicator of environmental quality on each land-use system (forest, agroforestry, plantation and monoculture) Monoculture agriculture has the largest number of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera order (herbivore insect dominated) while in agro-forest system has the largest number of Diptera and coleoptera order Protected forest, plantation forest and agro-forestry showed the similar index number which shows the similar ecological services for the insect as their habitat However, in the monoculture agriculture, there was an unbalance insect composition and high dominance
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the light intensity change under the tree due to the change of crown tree density in agro forestry system and found that the average of light intensity under the crown tree of mahagoni, teak, paraserianthes and mangium were 830, 607, 443 and 403 μmole m-2sec.-1, respectively.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to measure the light intensity change under the tree due to the change of crown tree density in agro forestry system. The factorial completely randomized block design with four replications was applied on this research. The first factor were species in agro forestry system namely: mahagony (Switenia mahagony), teak (Tectona grandis), para-serianthes (Paraserianthes falcataria) and mangium (Acacia mangium). The age of the species mentioned above is five years old. Second factor were crown tree pruning including; without pruning (0%), pruning 50%, and pruning 75%. The result showed that the light intensity in open area is 1150 μmole m-2 sec-1.The average of light intensity under the crown tree of mahagoni, teak, paraserianthes and mangium were 830, 607, 443 and 403 μmole m-2sec.-1, respectively. The light intensity under the tree without pruning was 497 μmole m-2 sec-1, whereas with 50% and 75% of pruning increased light intensity up to 554 and 661 μmole m-2 sec.-1, respectively. Cassava tuber yield in agro forestry system were 5.4; 3.2; 3.7 and 1.2 Mg ha-1 respectively under mahagony, teak, paraserianthes and mangium, respectively. The yield of cassava in agro forestry system was lower than monoculture system (26.9 Mg ha-1). Keywords: crown tree, mahagony, teak, paraserianthes, mangium, cassava, agroforestry system
TL;DR: Bacterial wilt on tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a crucial disease, because it can reduce yield until 50% and Bacillus sp.
Abstract: Bacterial wilt on tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a crucial disease, because it can reduce yield until 50%. The aims of this research were: 1) to find out biopesticide formula for Bacillus sp.growth, 2) to test Bacillus sp. against R. solanacearum in vitro, 3) to test potassium fertilizer combined with Bacillus sp. for enhancing tomato resistance to the bacterial wilt disease. The research was conducted in 2 steps i.e to test the persistence of Bacillus sp. In biopesticide formula, and to test the best combination of both potassium and the Bacillus sp. biopesticide. The results showed that Bacillus B298 was the best isolate in its persistence on the biopesticide formula of organic growth medium+CaCO3+CMC 1%+mannitol 1%, and in inhibiting R. solanacearum. The best biopesticide formula for the Bacillus sp. persistence was growth organic media+ CaCO3+CMC 1%+mannitol 1%. Bacillus sp. was able to increase tomato resistance to the bacterial wilt disease from the category of susceptible to be tolerant and becoming resistant. Keywords: tomato, Ralstonia solanacearum, potassium and Bacillus sp.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: BA proved to be an effective cytokinin to induce the formation of adventitious buds and shoots in two cultivars of Sansevieria trifasciata with high survival rate and regenerative capacity to form shoot buds and propagules was genotype dependent.
Abstract: In vitro regeneration of buds and shoots via
organogenesis in two genotypes of Sansevieria
trifasciata was established. Leaf segments (1cm
x 1cm) of cv. Hahnii and cv. Lorentii were
cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal
medium containing 2.4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic
acid (2.4-D) for 1 week, trans-ferred into MS
medium without plant growth regulator (MS0) for
1 week, and then cultured to MS medium
containing different concentrations of
benzyladenine (BA:0; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1 and 2
mg/l) for 3 consecutive passages with 4 week
intervals. The results showed that BA proved to
be an effective cytokinin to induce the formation
of adventitious buds and shoots in two cultivars
of Sansevieria trifasciata. The maximum of 12
propagules per explant of Lorentii and 9.3
propagules of Hahnii were obtained in medium
with 2 mg/l BA after 14 weeks. Furthermore,
regenerative capacity to form shoot buds and
propagules was genotype dependent. The
popagules number formed by cv. Lorentii was
significantly higher than those formed by cv.
Hahnii. The average shoot length formed by cv.
Lorentii was also higher than those of cv. Hahnii.
Shoots of both cultivars were successfully ex
vitro rooted and acclimatized to the greenhouse
with high survival rate (95.9 -100%).
Keywords: organogenesis, Sansevieria trifasciata,
benzyladenine, genotypes
TL;DR: The results showed that alar and dark photoperiod affected individually on the date of microtuber emergence, while the best alar concentration to increase microTuber production was 10-3 mg/L with 10.67 microtubers/cutting.
Abstract: Providing virus free potato seeds in order to increase potato production in Indonesia could be carried out by using microtuber resulting from microcutting. The growth of single node microcutting potato can initiate microtuber formation when growth inhibiting substances such as alar in combination with dark photoperiod treatment is applied. This study was aimed to elucidate the effect of alar and dark photoperiod on the date of microtuber emergence and production. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design in which alar concentrations i.e. 0, 10-3, 5 x 10-3, and 10-2 mg/L, served as factor I, and dark photoperiods i.e. 16, 20, and 24 hrs/day, were used as factor II. Each treatment combination was replicated three times giving rise to 36 experimental units. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (F test) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when significant effect of the treatments existed. The results showed that alar and dark photoperiod affected individually on the date of microtuber emergence, while the best alar concentration to increase microtuber production was 10-3 mg/L with 10.67 microtubers/cutting. Dark period has no significant effect on the induction of potato microtuber. Keywords: potato microtuber, alar, dark photoperiod
TL;DR: It is concluded that genetic factors play an important role in development of soil-acid-tolerant corn with highquality- protein content in Indonesia as confirmed by heritability estimate (h2)=0.75.
Abstract: Corn is an important food crop in Indonesia. Plant expansion has been hampered by soilacidity problem and the protein content of many corn varieties was low. This research initiates development of soil-acid-tolerant corn with highquality- protein content. Research was done on 12 factorial treatments and 3 replications as blocks in RCBD. The first factor was corn populations: Toray-1(G1), Toray-2(G2), GS- 5(G3) and GS-10(G4). The second factor was fertilizations: P1(69 kg N+36 kg P2O5+15 kg K2O per ha)); P2(115 kg N+54 kg P2O5+30 kg K2O per ha); and P3(161 kg N+72 kg P2O5+45 kg K2O per ha). The observed variables consisted of several agronomic traits, including the protein content. Results indicated that the corn populations, in general, showed good agronomic traits. The differences were mostly between populations, not between fertilizations, and no interaction was observed. The yield potential ranged from 4.25 to 6.47 ton dry seeds per ha. The protein content of seed resulted from cross ranged from 9.84% to 11.30%, as compared to the parents of 9.11% and 12.62%. This research concludes that genetic factors play an important role as confirmed by heritability estimate (h2)=0.75. Keywords : Corn, protein, acid-soil, tolerance
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility on Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model for site specific fertilizer recommendation in maize on the basis of farmer fields.
Abstract: Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) of Maize is considered low There are two important factors responsible for this condition: (a) uniform fertilizer recommendation, (b) lack of consideration on soil variability, Indigenous Nutrient Supply and plant nutrient needs A method for studying low NUE and the capability of studying these two factors are urgently required This study used Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility on Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model The main aim of this study was to employ and evaluate QUEFTS model for establishing site specific fertilizer recommendation in maize on the basis of farmer fields Due to a unique characteristic of farmer field, it may be interesting to observe the pattern of soil fertility in relation to yields Six farmer's fields and thirty soil samples were taken and analysed in the laboratory The results showed that QUEFTS model was a valuable tool to make fertilizer recommendation by using yields as an integrated indicator The results also showed that QUEFTS model was a promising method for establishing fertilizer recommendation for maize The merits of model for determining Indigenous Nutrient Supply, nutrient yield limiting factors, balanced fertilizer recommendation show that QUEFTS model is a valuable tool for site specific fertilizer recommendation Keywords : QUEFTS, recommendation, site specific, yield
TL;DR: The adaptation trial was applied to determine the benefits of genotype-environmental interaction, adaptability and stability of lines, which successfully obtained 8 UB lines which had high yield and tolerant to aphids.
Abstract: The adaptation trial was applied to determine the benefits of genotype-environmental interaction, adaptability and stability of lines. The previous research successfully obtained 8 UB lines which had high yield and tolerant to aphids. These lines belong to plant breeding laboratory of Brawijaya University, which had stability and a high potential can be immediately released to the public. Research was conducted in 2010, dry and rainy season, on 3 locations of yardlong bean, namely Malang, Kediri and Jombang. Randomized Block Design was applied in these locations.Genotype-environment interaction was analyzed with combined analysis of nested design.The adaptability and stability were known from regression analysis based on the stability of Eberhart and Russel. There were 6 stabile lines, namely UB7070P1, UB24089X1, UB606572, UB61318, UB7023J44, and UB715, respectively. They were recommended to be released as new varieties which had pest tolerance and high yield. The UBPU was suitable to be developed in marginal land. The 6 new varieties had registered to Agriculture Department Republic of Indonesia, namely, Brawijaya 1, Brawijaya 3, Brawijaya 4, Bagong 2, Bagong 3 dan Bagong Ungu, respectively. Keywords : adaptation, yardlong bean, stability, tolerant aphid
TL;DR: One of the weaknesses of the groundnut is the easiness to be infected by fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus that produces aflatoxin, which indicated that those performance of some lines were not stable, except line of MHS/91278-99-C-180-5.
Abstract: One of the weaknesses of the groundnut is the easiness to be infected by fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus that produces aflatoxin. Seed from the field experiments for all step of selection (F5 until to multilocation yield test) after processed then stored for 3 and 6 months, further tested their respons to A. flavus using a standard method. Examined for seed coat resistance to colonization of A. flavus were carried out in laboratory ILETRI (Indonesian of Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute) since years of 2002 to 2006. Stability performance of resistance to A. flavus was analyzed with regression technique. Performance of resistance to A. flavus of selected lines tested were not consistant among 16 of testing envoronments. Among genotypes were also sigficantly different response to A. flavus invasion from location to location, indicated that those performance of some lines were not stable, except line of MHS/91278-99-C-180-5. The highest pod yield was occupied by line of J/91283-99-C-90-8 and stable, however it's resistance to A. flavus did not stable. The resistance of J/91283-99-C-90-8 to A. flavus antil to three months after after seed strored similar with variety of J-11. Keywords: groundnut, Aspergillus flavus , aflatoxin
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of application of rock phosphate (RP) enriched with SP36 to soybean on Ultisol was conducted at ILETRIs' green house from July to October 2008.
Abstract: Research to study the effect of application of rock phosphate (RP) enriched with SP36 to soybean on Ultisol was conducted at ILETRIs' green house from July to October 2008. Treatment consisted of combination of rock phosphate from Lamongan and Bojonegoro at rates of 162 kg P2O5/ha with three rates of SP36 (0, 9, 18 and 27 kg P2O5/ha). The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The result showed that application of RP from Lamongan and Bojonegoro to Ultisol Lampung at rates of 162 kg P2O5/ha increased soil pH by 0.3 and 0.5, available P (Bray 1) by 400% and 823% respectively compared to check. Highest soybean yield was attained by application of RP from Lamongan combined with SP36 at rates of 18 kg P2O5/ha or RP from Bojonegoro combined with SP36 at rates of 9 kg P2O5/ha which yielded 4.98 and 5.21 g/pot respectively. This result indicated that RP from Lamongan and Bojonegoro can be applied directly as P fertilizer for soybean in acid soil, and combining them with SP36 will increase their effectiveness. Keywords: rock phosphate, SP36, soybean, ultisol
TL;DR: In this article, the type, the distribution and the incidence of banana leaf diseases in several production centers in West Sumatra, Bengkulu, North Sumatra and West Java were determined.
Abstract: The research was aimed to determine the type, the distribution and the incidence of banana leaf diseases in several production centers in West Sumatra, Bengkulu, North Sumatra and West Java. Direct observations on banana orchards were conducted in some districts in Simalungun, Deli Serdang and Medan (North Sumatra), Tanah Datar, Limapuluh Kota, Agam, Pariaman and Pasaman (West Sumatra), Rejang Lebong and Kepahyang (Bengkulu), Sukabumi, Purwakarta and Subang (West Java) from November to December 2006. Two banana orchards were randomly selected in each district. Plant population at the selected orchard was at least 100 plants. From each sampled orchard, if banana population consisted of similar or only one variety, 10 plants were randomly chosen according to wind direction. Meanwhile, when the banana varieties were varied, five plants were randomly selected. The result showed that Black Sigatoka and Eumusae leaf spot were found in West Sumatra, Bengkulu and North Sumatra at severity level of between 15 % to 62.31%, whilst speckle disease was mainly found in North Sumatra and in parts of West Sumatra at severity level of between 72,72% to 100% and 15 to 30%, respectively. Banana varieties that were primarily attacked by leaf diseases were Cavendish, Telor, Barangan and Emas. Keywords : bananas, black sigatoka, Eumusae, speckle, disease incidence and distribution
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of phosphate rock-sulfur (PRS) content and inoculum ratios of biosulfo on P and S uptake and red onion yield on acid (Alfisol) and alkaline (Vertisol) soils was investigated.
Abstract: Research aimed to study the influence of phosphate rock-sulfur (PRS) content and inoculum ratios of biosulfo on P and S uptake and red onion yield on acid (Alfisol) and alkaline (Vertisol) soils Two factors evaluated were PRS content (0%, 60%, 80%) and inoculums of Aniger/Pnalgiovensis ratio of biosulfo (0:0, 1:1 and 3:1) As much of 12 kg of soil (O 2 mm) mixed thoroughly with biosulfo, basic fertilizer and manure, put into polybag then watering at field capacity moisture content One bulb of red onion was planted to each polybag and incubated in the green house The experiments arranged in completely randomized design with three replications Variables observed included P and S uptake, and onion yield Data analyzed with F test at 5% level of significant followed with DMRT if any significant influences The result shows that the increases of PRS content as well as A niger ratio of biosulfo tend to increase P and S uptake, especially on acid Alfisol Highest P and S uptake and onion yield were achieved with treatment combinations of P 80 I 11 , P 80 I 31 , and P 60 I 11 for Alfisol, and P 80 I 11 , P 60 I 11 and P 60 I 11 for Vertisol respectively Keywords: phosphate, rock content, inoculums ratio,P and S uptake, onion yield Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
TL;DR: The research aimed to obtain the optimum concentration of BAP to buds growth as in vitro in the Tissue Culture Laboratory at Forestry and gardening seedling Unit of Forestry and Gardening Office of Banten Province from April until December 2008.
Abstract: The research was aimed to obtain the optimum concentration of BAP to buds growth as in vitro. It was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory at Forestry and gardening seedling Unit of Forestry and Gardening Office of Banten Province from April until December 2008. The research used Randomized Completely Design on MS base medium with different BAP concentration: (1) B1 = MS + Kinetin 0.1 ppm + BAP 1 ppm, (2), B2 = MS + Kinetin 0,1 ppm + BAP 2 ppm, (3) B3 = MS + Kinetin 0,1 ppm + BAP 3 ppm, (4) B4 = MS + Kinetin 0,1 ppm + BAP 4 ppm, (5) B5 = MS + Kinetin 0,1 ppm + BAP 5 ppm. Each treatment was replicated ten times. The data was analyzed and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5 percent. The explant which grew in MS media with different BAP concentration showed radicle appearance. It tended to grow to be embryo, where it began with radicle length and was followed by bud formation. Higher BAP application for each treatment increased the germination. The best concentration of embryo germination which would be grown to be bud was 4 or 5 ppm BAP. Keywords : tissue culture, Arenga palm, BAP
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a randomized experiment on R. pyrifolius seedlings at Cibodas Botanical Garden and found that the best media were compost and sand + compost (1:1).
Abstract: The experiment was conducted from June to October 2009, at Cibodas Botanical Garden. The design used in the experiment was completely randomized block with two treatments and three replicates. The first factor was four kinds of planting media (sand + husk (2:1), sand + compost (1:1), husk + compost (1:1), compost). The second factor was three kinds of fertilizers (growmore, gandasil D, hyponex) and one treatment without fertilizer (control). The results of experiment show no interaction in almost all parameters between planting media and compound fertilizers. Statistically, all parameters observed show significance (? = 0,05 and ? = 0,01) at various media. Based on the study, the best media were compost and sand + compost (1:1). These media were recommended for R. pyrifolius seedling growth. Keywords : Rubus pyrifolius, planting media, fertilizers
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of light intensity and seedling media on the growth of Sunan trisperma seedlings and found that mixed of the 50% soil and 50% sheep dung are the best media for it growth.
Abstract: This experiment was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station with altitude about 450 m above sea level and Latosol type of soil beginning from January until June 2009 It aimed to investigate the effect of light intensity and seedling media on growth of "Sunan" candle nut (R trisperma) seedling Split plot design with 4 replications was used in this study The main plots factor are percentage of light intensity (I) consisted of two levels : I1 (65%) and I2 (100%), and the split plots factor are seedling media (M) consisted of five kinds of media: M1 (50% soil and 50% sheep dung), M2 (50% soil and 50% rice husk), M3 (50% sheep dung and 50% rice husk), M4 (333% soil, 333% sheep dung, and 333% rice husk), and M5 (100% soil) Result showed that: (1) for better growth of R trisperma seedling suggested to be shaded, and (2) mixed of the 50% soil and 50% sheep dung are the best media for it growth Keywords: Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, light intensity, seedling media, organic matter
TL;DR: In this article, the abstract must be integrated and independent which is consist of introduction and purpose, methods, results, conclusion and suggestion, but the abstract should be written as a single paragraph without these headers.
Abstract: Arial 10) The abstract comes after title page in the manuscript. Abstract must be integrated and independent which is consist of introduction and purpose, methods, results, conclusion and suggestion. However the abstract should be written as a single paragraph without these headers. For this reason, References should be avoided. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself. Abstract must be written using 150 until 200 words which has no reference and accompanied keywords. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. .
TL;DR: There was no significant difference in the proportion experienced and naive C. vestalis females that superparasitized, and the number of ovipositions and host encounters, periods of walking, grooming and resting were also not significantly different between experienced and naïve C.vestalis.
Abstract: Cotesia vestalis is one of the parasitoids of Plutella xylostella ,. They do self-superparasitism to predicted as a behavior to increase the proportion of their female offspring or as a behavior resulting from their inability to recognize previously parasitized hosts. Observations were conducted to study the behavior of experienced and naive Cotesia vestalis . The age of C. vestalis females for observation was between one to three days after emerging for both experienced and naive, but experienced C. vestalis were trained to lay eggs before real observation. The observation was done in a laboratory and included five behaviors, namely number of ovipositions and host encounters, period of grooming, walking and resting. There was no significant difference in the proportion experienced and naive C. vestalis females that superparasitized. The number of ovipositions and host encounters, periods of walking, grooming and resting were also not significantly different between experienced and naive C. vestalis . For further research, it is recommended to observe behavior of C. vestalis that differ in age and after longer periods of experience training. Additional behavior such as direction preferences (leaf or patches), host preference (host health and color) can additionally be important variables to study in C.vestalis behavior. Keywords: Superparasitism, C. vestalis , naive, experienced, behavior
TL;DR: The chicken manure amendment gave the best control of hollow stalk with lowest disease severity compared to other organic matter treatments or even control, and increased soil microbial populations of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes.
Abstract: Amendments of soil with organic matter have been known to provide control of soilborne pathogens and to improve soil properties as well. Four sources organic matter, viz: rice straw, neem cake, chicken, and cow manure were amended one month prior to planting in soil naturally infested by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of hollow stalk of tobacco. Soil without added organic matter served as control and seedlings treated with streptomycin sulphate was used as a comparison. This treatment was combined with one of two sources of fertilizer N viz:, urea, and CaNO3. The field experiment was conducted in North Jember arranged in randomized blocked factorial with three replicates. The chicken manure amendment gave the best control of hollow stalk with lowest disease severity (12.03%) compared to other organic matter treatments or even control (31.31%). Chicken manure also improved plant height, yield, and the quality of flue cured tobacco. All organic matter treatments increased soil microbial populations of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes. This may be related to the suppression of the pathogen and the consequent reduction of disease severity. Treatment of soil with urea or CaNO3 showed no effect on disease severity or growth or quality of tobacco. Keywords : organic matter amendments, hollow stalk, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum