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Showing papers in "Akademika in 1986"


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the ethnic impact of tourism on the plural society of Penang is discussed, and some measures which can be taken to sustain the attractive plural outlook of the island as a tourist destination are discussed.
Abstract: This paper draws attention to the ethnic impact of tourism on the plural society of Penang. It suggests that extant models on tourism development pay inadequate attention to the multiethnic character of the host community which may serve to determine the manner in which benefits from tourism are distributed. Using Penang as an example, it attempts to describe the process which gives rise to ethnic dominance in the industry, and suggests some measures which can be taken to sustain the attractive plural outlook of the island as a tourist destination. ABSTRAK Kertas ini memberi perhatian kepada kesan pelancongan terhadap kedudukan masyarakat majmuk di Pulau Pinang. Penulisan yang ada tentang kesan pelancongan tidak menonjolkan perkara ini walaupun ciri majmuk ini sendiri adakalanya boleh menentukan pola agihan faedah dari pelancongan. Dengan merujuk kepada kedudukan di Pulau Pinang, kertas ini cuba menghuraikan proses dominasi etnik dalam industri pelancongan, dan mencadangkan beberapa langkah yang boleh diambil bagi mengekalkan wajah masyarakat majmuk yang merupakan satu daya tarikan penting bagi destinasi pelancongan tersebut.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The meeting of Malay and other cultures is the main process which brought about the process as mentioned in this paper, and Malay society one again experiences rapid changes from peasantry like to one based on business and trade in post independence period, the government formulated policies and programmes to inculcate and revive business values among the Malays.
Abstract: Malay society had experienced several changes in several aspects of its basic cultural pattern. The meeting of Malay and other cultures is the main process which brought about the process. Malay society is regarded as a classic peasontry during colonial times, but before the arrivalof the western powers, Malay society was basically entrepreneurs and seafarers which conducted trading in the Indian ocean and China seas. Malay society one again experiences rapid changes from peasantry like to one based on business and trade in post independence period. The government formulated policies and programmes to inculcate and revive business values among the Malays. ABSTRAK Masyarakat Melayu mengalami banyak perubahan yang melibatkan aspek-aspek utama kebuduyaannya. Pertembungan antara kebudayaan Melayu dengan masyarakat dan kebudayaan luar adalah proses utama yang menentukan perubahan itu. Masyarakat Melayu dikatakan sebagai masyarakat tani yang unggul dalam zaman kolonial tetapi dalam masa-masa sebelum itu masyarakat Melayu adalah pedagang dan pelaut yang ulung di Nusantara dan daerah-daerah di Lautan Hindi dan Cina. Masyarakat Melayu sekali lagi menempuh perubahan besar dari kegiatan-kegiatan tani kepad perdagangan dan perusahaan dalam zaman kemerdekaan politik. Pihak pemerintah mewujudkan beberapa dasar supaya nilai perdagangan berkembang semula di kalangan masyarakat Melayu.

6 citations




Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the suitability of the Reflective judgment interview technique in measuring the intellectual development of students was evaluated by using a semi-structured interview format consisting of four dilemmas involving controversial issues.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the suitability of the Reflective Judgment technique in measuring the intellectual development of students. Reflective Judgment Interview is a semi structured interview format consisting of four dilemmas involving controversial issues. This study was conducted on 56 students of the National University of Malaysia consisting of 26 students from the lower level of education and 30 students from the higher level of education. Analyses of data show that higher level students significantly obtained higher mean scores (4.78) as compared to lower level students (4.15). This result supports the assumption on the Reflective Judgment model, jointly developed by Kitchener and King. In spite of the fact that there was an overlapping in the distribution of mean scores, the students from the higher level of education obtained scores that were more clustered in the relativism and probabalism stage. This study also shows that academic major, sex, and place of birth do not have any significant influence on the student’s intellectual development. ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesesuaian teknik Temubual Pertimbangan Reflektif (TPR) dalam mengukur perkembangan intelektual para pelajar. TPR adalah satu teknik temubual separa struktur yang terdiri daripada kenyataan-kenyataan yang bercanggah. Kajian ini telah dijalankan ke atas 56 orang pelajar UKM yang terdiri daripada 26 orang pelajar peringkat rendah dan 30 orang pelajar peringkat tinggi. Analisis data menunjukkan pelajar-pelajar peringkat tinggi secara signifikannya mendapat skor min (4.78) yang lebih tinggi daripada pelajar peringkat rendah (4.15). Keputusan ini menyokong tahap-tahap perkembangan intelektual seperti yang dinyatakan dalam model Pertimbangan Reflektif yang diasaskan oleh Kitchener dan King. Walaupun terdapat tindan lapis dalam taburan skor min namun begitu pelajar peringkat rendah lebih cenderung berada di tahap dualistik akhir dan tahap relativistik, manakala skor pelajar tinggi berkecenderungan berkelompok pada tahap relativistik dan tahap probabilistik. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan bidang pengkhususan, jantina, dan tempat asal tidak mempunyai pengaruh signifikan ke atas tahap perkembangan intelektual para pelajar.

1 citations