Showing papers in "Angewandte Parasitologie in 1980"

Some aspects of the ultrastructure of Gotocotyla secunda and Hexostoma euthynni.

Abstract: The ultrastructure of the spermatozoon, the protonephridia, the intestine and the tegument of Gotocotyla secunda (Monogenea, Gotocotylidae) and of the intestine of Hexostoma euthynni (Monogenea, Hexostomatidae) is described The "connecting cells" in the intestine of at least some Monogenea show secretory activity and are possibly involved in extracellular digestion Sloughing of whole haematin cells appears to be common and may be an important component in the digestive process Flame cells appear to be a very conservative element and their more or less identical structure in all major groups of parasitic platyhelminths indicates that parasitic platyhelminths have originated from one or a few closely related groups of freeliving Turbellaria with the same type of flame cell

The possible role of the soil fauna in the epizootiology of cysticercosis in cattle. I. Earthworms -- the biotic factor in a transmission of Taenia saginata eggs.

Abstract: The role of earthworms in the transmission of Taenia saginata eggs was determined by inoculating 30 earthworms directly: lumbricus terrestris, Allolobophora caliginosa and Eisenia foetida with tapeworm eggs. The remaining earthworms (280 specimens) were examined by contaminating their medium indirectly with T. saginata eggs or segments. It has been concluded that the eggs of tapeworms may be transmitted by the digestive tracts of earthworms. It seems that in the natural environment earthworms may contribute to the horizontal and the vertical spreading eggs in soil and the same may play an important role in the epizootiology of cysticercosis in cattle.

Parasites of Austrian birds of prey (Falconiformes)

Abstract: During the examination of 158 birds of prey -- Buteo buteo (85), Falco tinnunculus (30), Accipiter gentilis (19), Accipiter nisus (18), Circus aeruginosus (2), Circus pygargus (1), Pandion haliaetus (1), Pernis apivorus (1), Falco subbuteo (1) and faeces samples of Falco tinnunculus 4 protozoan species, 1 trematode species, 2 cestode species, 13 nematode species, 2 acanthocephalan species and 5 mallophaga species could be detected. In the buzzard, kestrel and goshawk a new species of Capillaria could be found and described as Eucoleus suppereri spec. nov. A new species of Synhimantus, Synhimantus (Dispharynx) falconis spec. nov. was diagnosed. The infestation frequency of endo- and ectoparasites was relatively high, whereas the infestation intensity was small or mediocre on an average. The highest rate of infestation was found with trematodes and cestodes. The significance of the analysis of crop- and stomach-cntents as a guarantee of diagnosis "psuedoparasitism" was pointed out.

The possible role of the soil fauna in the epizootiology of cysticercosis in cattle. II. Dung beetles - a biotic factor in the transmission of Taenia saginata eggs.

Abstract: In the present study 510 specimens of dung beetles (Aphodius fimetarius, A. fossor, Sphaeridium scarabaeoides) were examined after exposure to a medium contaminated with Taenia saginata eggs or segments. It has been demonstrated that eggs of tapeworm may be transmitted by the digestive tracts of dung beetles as well as on the surface of Aphodius fimetarius. The above findings suggest that dung beetles, likewise in nature the earthworms, may play an essential role in the spreading eggs of T. saginata. Especially Aphodius fimetarius, because of its passive transmission of eggs on long distances, may be involved in the epizootiology of cysticercosis in cattle.

Acute toxoplasmosis outbreak in rabbit flocks

Abstract: Acute toxoplasmosis occurred in 2-18 month old domestic rabbits of 15 flocks entailing losses of 3-66%. Pathomorphological examinations of 49 rabbits revealed lesions of a generalized granulomatous-necrotizing toxoplasmosis with spleen, liver, lungs and lymphonodes mainly affected. Similarities existed to pseudotuberculosis. The spleen was massively packed with pseudocysts and cysts of Toxoplasma. Electronmicroscopic examinations of organ specimens fixed in formalin assured the identity of Toxoplasma and serological tests (CFT, SFT, IFAT) as well as the mouse test confirmed it.

Life cycle of Proteocephalus neglectus (Cestoda) from rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

Abstract: Proteocephalus neglectus is described for the first time in the GDR from Salmo gairdneri The incidence of invasion was 65% and the main intensity was 28 with a maximum of 6 worms per fish P neglectus has a 2-host life-cycle Copepods of the Cyclops strenuus-group and Cyclops furcifer were used as experimental intermediate hosts The ontogenetic stages oncosphaera (free-living first larva), cercoscolex (second larva in the copepod haemocoel) and preadult (in the gut lumen of the definitive host) were described and compared with other proteocephalid life-cycles When copepods invaded by oncosphaeres and captured at 14-15 degrees C were eaten by the trouts after 21 days the invasion of the definitive host took place Parallel tests with Perca fluviatilis were not successful A transfer of the preadult worms from trout to trout was possible Some problems of species determination and of terminology were discussed

Schistosoma haematobium infection in the white mouse - histopathological and histochemical studies.

Abstract: Mice were infected with 1000 Schistosoma haematobium cercariae (Egyptian strain). Histopathological and histochemical studies were performed on the different organs, during the first four weeks after infection and on the fourth week after oviposition. Pathological changes during early prepatency matched with those in S. mansoni infection. Eggs were laid in aggregates in the colon and liver. They initiated the development of typical granulomatous lesions. Abundant bilharzial pigment and areas of sclerosis were present in both liver and spleen. The heart, kidneys and urinary bladder were pathologically free. Disturbed succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase enzyme levels were detected which point to a derangement in the functions of the cell organelles.

[The applicability of parasites for group separations in the rat-tail fish Macrourus rupestris].

Abstract: The parasitical fauna of the rat-tail Macrourus rupestris from three different areas in the Labrador-Sea was compared. The stocks are parasitized in a different manner and therefore we can conclude on isolated stocks with different spawn localities.

Scanning electron microscopic studies on developmental adult stages of four Trichinella species.

Abstract: According to our results a 7 day-old male of T nativ a differed from identically old males of the other 3 species in the shape of lateral processes of its pseudobursa, the vertical position of the cloacal opening with its ventral valve, and the shape of the second pair of cloacal papillae at the level of the pore, but not in line with the first pair of papillae T pseudospiralis differed from T nativa in the length and the shape of lateral processes, the position of the cloacal pore on a cuticular mound circumscribed by two pairs of cloacal papillae arranged in a perpendicular line Tspiralis like as Tnelsoni differed from T pseudospiralis and T nativa in the length and the shape of lateral processes, a horizontal position of the cloacal pore, and in the shape of the second pair of papillae as well as the shifting of the pairs to each side of the cloaca Both pairs formed a perpendicular line each

Rearing the common housefly Musca domestica (L.) in small cages

Abstract: A simple and time-saving rearing method of the house fly (M. domestica L.) is described. Additionally a brief review is given on some manual techniques in breeding of flies. Rearing is carried out in small cages, which are completely supplied from outside. This method is especially suitable in case of many strains kept together in small rooms. Breeding is done in wire-frame cages in shape of a truncated pyramide covered with dederon wire-gauze. Flies are fed and lay eggs through the gauze. The breeding medium of larvae consists of wheat bran, fresh curdled whole milk and water with addition of dried yeast and methylhydroxybenzoat. Pupae weigh 25 to 31.5 mg, when stocking of the medium with larvae is near the optimum (1 larvae/1 g medium). The small cages admit 500 to 3,000 flies each.

The influence of habitat on the occurrence of parasites in game animals

Abstract: We studied the incidence of parasites of game animals under conditions of the individual habitats occupied by game animals. Our investigations were made both in the open field and in game reserves for several game species, and also in biotopes where game animals come into contact with domestic ruminants. We detected 72 nematode species in a total of 8 species of game animals. The results show that, the composition of the helminth fauna is influenced by conditions of the external environment, i. e., by the number of specimens, the extent of the biotope, contact with other animal species, the incidence of intermediate host, and by climatic and hydrological conditions. The contact between various host species, and their parasites has to last for a prolonged period, because it requires a certain length of time before the newly introduced host becomes a member of the original biocoenosis and adapts himself to such a degree that his parasites can infect other host species and he can receive their parasites (e. g., Fascioloides magna, Ashworthius sidemi).

Parasites in the DDR. 5. The occurrence of helminths in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.)

Abstract: The authors describe the results of researches on the helminthofauna of red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) from different hunting-areals in the GDR. The results are compared with those of other authors from European region. From the 55 helminths known in the red fox, 2 species of Trematoda, 4 species of Cestoda and 8 species of Nematoda are found in the GDR. Some information are given about the geographical distribution of the helminths found, the extense- and intense-infection of hosts, and the importance of the red fox as vector of helminthes in health for man and animals.

Differential diagnosis of cysticerci of Taenia hydatigena and hydatids of Echinococcus granulosus

Abstract: In combined infestations of pig by hydatids as well as larvae of Taenia hydatigena macroscopic and histological differences were stated which are of great importance for differential diagnosis of these two infestations in veterinary practice.

Intestinal helminths in the DDR district of Rostock

Abstract: The population of a rural municipality in the district of Rostock including the staff members of a research institute at that place, who daily go there from a nearby city, were examined helminthologically (as a whole 910 persons). 1.5% of these persons were affected by helminths. Comparative examinations with 407 animal breeders of other municipalities showed the same results (also 1.5%). The examination of seamen going to the trophics (1471 persons) showed other results: 3% were attacked. Foreigners from the tropics staying in the district of Rostock during the same period of time (426 persons) were affected far more: 88%.

Larvae of the order Trypanorhyncha (Cestoda) from teleosts of the Indian Ocean

Abstract: In the Gulf of Bengal and in the Gulf of Aden 8 species of larvae belonging to the older Trypanorhyncha (Cestoda) were found in teleosita. 3 species of the genus Nybelinia and 1 of the genus Diplootobothrium are described for the first time.

[Description of the female of a new Didymoizoidae: Gonapodasmius microovatus spec. nov].

Abstract: In Megalaspis cordyla (L.) (Perciformes, Carangidae) from the Gulf of Aden Gonapodasmius microovatus spec. nov., a trematode of the family Didymozoidae is parasitizing in the body cavity. The only preserved specimen is a mature female. Description and differential diagnose is given together with a key of determination for the genus, also a review of the geographical distribution and the fish hosts of the species of the genus Gonapodasmius.

The problem of parasites in game animals in Austria

Abstract: The parasitical diseases are among the game diseases the most wide spread. Since the interest of keeping game healthy is of great universal importance, the problem of the prevention of serious losses caused by parasites arises. Today this is in many cases possible by the exploration of all present prophylactical and therapeutical avenues. The presupposition in this respect is the thorough knowledge of parasite and host. Only then antiparasitical drugs can be employed at the right time. Furthermore the biotop, the agricultural and the forestry conditions have to be considered. Although population losses caused by parasites can be very heavy, a game population can never be decimated so far that its continuance will be endangered. Owing to the hitherto existing knowledge a qualitative population regulation is not caused by the parasites. Detrimental effects with domestic animals caused by game parasites or vice versa in hunting grounds is certainly possible but dependent upon the species greatly different, and practically without essential meaning in Austria.

Dissemination of helminths by the introduction of game animals

Abstract: The introduction of game animals and its practical consequences were studied in several areas of Bohemia and Moravia. There are 3 autochthonous species among the 8 game animal species living in Czechoslovakia. An exchange of parasites occurred among endemic and introduced game species. This applied even to parasite species which had always been considered to be highly host-specific. We considered also the possibility of a transmission of parasites from introduced game animals to domestic animals (sheep, cattle). From a theoretical point of view, parasites carried with their hosts to new sites might cause some taxonomic problems, because different conditions of the external environment including a change in intermediate and definitive host, climate, etc. to which the parasite of its germs has to become adopted, might be responsible for various morphological and metrical changes. These might lead to an erroneous systematic arrangement of the parasite or even to the description of a new species.

2 rules on the life cycle of trematodes in the ecosystem

Abstract: Rule I: The more advanced in its primary evolution a life cycle is, the greater the participation of the animal component in it is. Parallel to that, most often the direct effect of the non-living component of the ecosystem on the cycle running is decreased. Rule II: In the majority of secondarily evolved life cycles of trematodes the following occurred in comparison with their initial life cycle: a) either a decrease of the direct effect of the non-living component of the ecosystem on the cycle running; b) or a decrease of the participation of the animal component of the ecosystem in the cycle; c) or most often a decrease of both together.