Showing papers in "Antiquity in 1971"
TL;DR: Renfrew, of the University of Shefield, directed excavations at Sitagroi in north Greece in 1968 and 1969 and in an earlier note here (1970, 13r )says that one of the important aspects of the finds there was that Balkan cultures are seen in direct stratigraphic relation to those of the Aegean as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Dr Renfrew, of the University of Shefield, directed excavations at Sitagroi in north Greece in 1968 and 1969 and in an earlier note here (1970, 13r )says that one of the important aspects of the finds there was that ‘for the jirst time Balkan cultures are seen in direct stratigraphic relation to those of the Aegean’. A series of twenty-six radiocarbon dates, deteumined by the British Museum and Berlin laboratories, from the Sitagroi mound oflers the possibility of a new and detailed understanding of the chronological relations between the Aegean and the Balkans.
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TL;DR: A detailed account of the Graveney boat excavation from the Kent marshes was given by Miss Evans and Mrs Fenwick as discussed by the authors who directed work in the field at the request of the National Maritime Museum which financed the joint British MuseumlNational Maritime Museum project.
Abstract: We published in our last number (I97I, 41, pls. I-11) a brief preliminary note by Mr Basil Greenhill, Director of the National Maritime Museum at Greenwich, on the finding and rescue excavation of this pre-Conquest boat from the Kent marshes. Now we have the promised further account from Miss Evans and Mrs Fenwick who directed work in the field at the request of the National Maritime Museum which financed the joint British MuseumlNational Maritime Museum project. Miss Evans, Research Assistant at the British Museum, is working on the detailed account of the Sutton Hoo ship for the first volume of the dejinitive publication of the 7th-century ship burial. Mrs Fenwick, who was also a member of Mr Bruce-Mitfmd’s 196517 team at Sutton Hoo, is a Specialist Assistant transferred to the National Maritime Museum. She will be writing the oficial account of the Graveney Boat for the Museum publication which will cover the whole field of the archaeology, recovery, conservation and reconstruction of the vessel. (Plate I of our March number Staffs of both Museums assisted throughout. has been reprinted as plate XIII for ease of reference.)
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TL;DR: Alfred Russel Wallace visited southern Celebes in 18567 as discussed by the authors and concentrated on collecting in the rugged limestone mountains around Bantimurung waterfall, east of Maros.
Abstract: Alfred Russel Wallace visited southern Celebes in 18567. Captivated by its unique natural history, particularly its colourful butterflies, he concentrated upon collecting in the rugged limestone mountains around Bantimurung waterfall, east of Maros. Observing that the high, precipitous, cliffs were heavily vegetated, Wallace (1890, 181) wrote words of archaeological allurement—‘their surfaces are very irregular, broken into holes and fissures, with ledges overhanging the mouths of gloomy caverns’. He also made an incidental comment (1890, 165) of relevance a century later to Australian archaeologists, when he noted that his Makassarese servant had voyaged to the north Australian coast on several occasions to collect trepang (beche-de-mer).
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present some facts that appear to have been under-estimated or overlooked in the consideration of the graves of the Early Bronze Age in the Wessex region, that is, the material remains of the "Wessex culture".
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present some facts that appear to have been under-estimated or overlooked in the consideration of the graves of the Early Bronze Age in the Wessex region, that is, the material remains of the ‘Wessex culture’. We are not concerned in this paper with the evidence or non-evidence for connexions between the Wessex region and Mycenae (Renfrew, 1968), nor do we consider that anything new can be stated about the ‘radiocarbon age’ or the calendar year age for he Wessex graves, particularly in view of the fact that no radiocarbon dates are available for this material. What we intend to show is that the division of the Wessex graves into a traditional Early Bronze Age I and 2, and the duration of these presumed episodes, are open to question.
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TL;DR: Dr Isserlin, head of the Department of Semitic Studies in the University of Leeds, has been directing excavations in the island of San Pantaleo (Mozia) since 1961 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Dr Isserlin, head of the Department of Semitic Studies in the University of Leeds, has been directing excavations in the island of San Pantaleo (Mozia) since 1961. This island i s situated in the lagoon that fringes the coast of Sicily to the north of Marsala, and it is the site of the ancient Phoenician city of Motya. Archaeological exploration heve goes back to the 18th century, and readers may remember Dr Isserlin’s interesting note about Schliemann at Motya in these pages (1968,144-8). Since 1968 Dr Isserlin has been concentrating his work upon the ‘cothon’ or artiJcial inner harbour (an example of a type in vogue, according to classical writers, among the Phoenicians). Here he discusses his results to date.
TL;DR: The discovery of the stone axe-fmtmy of Sklidin in the commune of Plussulien (C&es-du-Nord), the subject of this article, is the result of work done by Professor P.-R. G o t and Professor J. Cognk in 1949 as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Charles-Tanguy Le Roux in his capacity as Assistant de la Circonsm>tion des Antipitks Prkhistoripes de Bretagne (Service des Fouilles : Ministire des Affaires Culturelles), has carried out rescue digs of all kinds. He is at present preparing his doctoral thesis on the petrography of polished stone axes. The discovery of the stone axe-fmtmy of Sklidin in the commune of Plussulien (C&es-du-Nord), the subject of this article, is the result of work done in this field; work that was begun by Professor P.-R. G o t and Professor J. Cognk in 1949.
TL;DR: A colloquium on the early Celtic world was held in Edinburgh in September 1970 to coincide with the exhibition as mentioned in this paper, and Miss Nancy Sandars aroused much interest on that occasion with her paper on Jacobsthal's enigmatic "Orientalizing Celtic Style".
Abstract: Some of our readers will have visited the admirable exhibition of early Celtic art in Edinburgh last summer or in London in the autumn. A colloquium on ‘The early Celtic world’ was held in Edinburgh in September 1970 to coincide with the exhibition. Miss Nancy Sandars aroused much interest on that occasion with her paper on Jacobsthal’s enigmatic ‘Orientalizing Celtic Style’, and she has kindly responded to our suggestion that it should reach a wider audience here.*
TL;DR: The mot tvqclvvoc n'a jamais existe en grec ; l'on en juge par ces sources, ils proposaient quatre explications as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Le mot tvqclvvoc est frequent dans les textes grecs. Il y apparait tantot sous sa forme simple (qui est la plus usuelle), tantot comme premier ou second element de composition (on a tvqclvvoxrovoc , (piAoTVQCLWoc par exemple), tantot dans des derives relevant de diverses categories grammaticales (ainsi : rvqavveœ ou r vQavvevœ, tvqclvvic , tvqclvvlxoc , et d'autres). Des Grecs il passa chez les Romains, qui employerent tyrannus , tyrannis , tyrannicus notamment, et qui l'acclimaterent au point de le faire entrer dans des composes hybrides ( tyrannicida , tyrannicidium...). Or l'origine de ce mot banal pose un probleme des plus delicat. Les anciens s'en etaient preoccupes ; scholies et lexiques tardifs reproduisent leurs hypotheses et font echo a leurs divergences. Si l'on en juge par ces sources, ils proposaient quatre explications. L'une d'elles, propre a Y Ety molo gicum Magnum et au pseudoZonaras, pretend rattacher rvcavvoc au verbe tqvco, litteralement « user par frottement, abraser », d'ou, au sens figure, qui est le sens ordinaire, « ronger de soucis, affliger » 1. A tqvoj se rattacherait un vocable tqvclvoc , d'ou tvqclvvoc serait sorti, grâce a une metathese du groupe qv et grâce a un redoublement de la lettre r. Malheureusement, l'intermediaire tqvclvoc n'a jamais existe en grec ; il n'intervient ici que pour les besoins de la cause. On ne s'arretera pas aux avatars de ce fantome. La deuxieme etymologie, la plus repandue, est aussi la seule
TL;DR: Smith, Pearson and Pilcher as mentioned in this paper summarized the archaeological dates and gave an outline given of the palaeoecological work in a more reasoned and coherent form than the published date lists.
Abstract: Dr A. G. Smith is one of the Directors of the Palaeoecology Laboratory of Queen’s University, Belfast. A great part of the work of the Belfast radiocarbon dating laboratory, which is in the charge of MY G. W. Pearson, has so far been connected with environmental studies. A number of dates have been obtained, however, from archaeological contexts. In this article, written with two colleagues in the Laboratory, the archaeological dates are summarized and an outline given of thepalaeoecological work in a more reasoned and coherent form than the published date lists (Smith, Pearson and Pilcher, I970; and forthcoming).
TL;DR: In this paper, Harbison discusses the form and detail of the old Irish "chariot" in relation to our knowledge of Celtic chariots of the L a Tine period on the continent.
Abstract: Dr Peter Harbison, Archaeology Oficer in Bord F&ilte Bireann (The Irish Tourist Board) in Dublin, whose ‘Guide to the national monuments of Ireland’ was reviewed recently in these pages (1970,77), here discusses the form and detail of the old Irish ‘chariot’ in relation to our knowledge of Celtic chariots of the L a Tine period on the continent, and links his discussion to the problem of the celticization of Ireland.
TL;DR: In this article, Savory recut one of Dr Gardner's sections through the main southern rampart of the hillfort and several charcoal samples derived from the earlier constructional phases of this rampart have now been dated by the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the Institute of Applied Science of Victoria, Melbourne, from the roth to the 5th century BC.
Abstract: In 1964 The National Museum of Wales published ‘Dinorben: a hill-fort occupied in Early Iron Age and Roman times’, in which Dr H. N. Savory made available the late Dr Willoughby Gardner’s records of his extensive excavations on this North Wales site and added his report on emergency excavations carried out there by himself more recently for the then Ministry of Public Building and Works, in the path of destruction by quarrying. In 1969 Dr Savory recut one of Dr Gardner’s sections through the main southern rampart of the hillfort and several charcoal samples derived from the earlier constructional phases of this rampart have now been dated by the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory of the Institute of Applied Science of Victoria, Melbourne, from the roth to the 5th century BC.
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of the Natural Sciences on archaeology is discussed. But the authors focus on radiocarbon dating and do not consider the impact on the analysis of archaeological sites.
Abstract: This discussion began with some thoughts on radiocarbon dating sent to us by Euan W. MacKie of the University of Glasgow and arising out of the symposium on the Impact of the Natural Sciences on Archaeology held jointly by the Royal Society and the British Academy in December 1969. A t the same time we had received comments from John Collis, Lecturer in Archaeology in the University of Exeter, and Professor D . W. Ewer of the Department of Zoology in the University of Ghana. W e print these with comments by Dr A. G. Smith, of Queen’s University, Belfast, Dr Hans Suess, and Dr A . C. Renfrew.
TL;DR: Among the commoner, and certainly among the most distinctive, Roman coins found in Britain are the quinarius ship-issues of Allectus, which were minted in Britain and of course minted here as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Among the commoner, and certainly among the most distinctive, Roman coins found in Britain are the quinarius ship-issues of Allectus—found in Britain and of course minted here. They seem to merit more comment than they have roused so far. The linear shape of a galley does not accommodate itself to the circular shape of a coin, and Roman galley coins rate high marks for ineptitude. Prows or sterns by themselves, shown not for their own interest but as items in some larger symbolic concept, are tolerably well done. But with complete vessels we find stem-posts and stern-posts as high as the keel is long, boats shaped like bananas or like staples, and galleys fringed with so many indeterminate oars that they looklike centipedes. Some of the Allectus reverses are of this slovenly class (Mattingly and Sydenham, 1933, pl. xix, no. 16), but the better ones—and they are numerous—show a recognizable and seaworthy vessel.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the importance of winter photography for recording soil marks, which have yielded the author's most spectacular results, including the discovery of Gallo-Roman villas and temples.
Abstract: The text has five chapters in 82 pages and is illustrated by plans and a further selection of photographs (figs. A-T). Chapter I is concerned with technique and stresses the importance of winter photography for recording soil marks, which have yielded the author’s most spectacular results. There is no better introduction to the expertise, as well as technique, of such work; archaeological sites must be sought with patience and intelligence and recognized by intuition founded on detailed archaeological knowledge. Chapters 2-4 review the main results of the author’s own reconnaissance and deal in turn with avchkoologie protohistoripe (much of it really pre-historic), with the age of Caesar, and with Gallo-Roman settlement. Among the prehistoric sites there is little that would look out of place in Britain, though the repertoire is more limited. Notable absentees remarked by Agache are causewayed camps, cursuses, henge monuments and pit-alignments. Crop-marks continue to add details of vanished earthworks, some evidently Roman, outside the great Belgic promontory forts (‘Camps de CCsar’). Gateways newly recorded in the double-ditched Roman camp at Folleville suggest that the complete layout resembled that of legionary camps in Britain on the Stainmore road (e.g. Reycross), though Folleville is twice their size. Agache’s main contribution to knowledge lies, however, in the detection of Gallo-Roman villas and temples, revealed in great clarity when the chalk foundations are pulled up by deep ploughmg, but also evident to his practised eye when clay from the walls causes local variation of the moisture in the plough-soil. The number of new discoveries has quite transformed the map of Roman remains round Amiens (pls. 1867) and elsewhere in his region. Plans are given of 16 villas with their outbuildings and of the settlement at Ribemont-sur-Ancre, now shown by excavation to be a great Gallo-Roman sanctuary with buildings extending over an area of 450 by 800 m. Building and settlement types are discussed in detail; but most vici seem to lie beneath modern towns and villages. Medieval and post-medieval structures, although outside the author’s research, were not outside his field of view, and the final chapter makes a rapid survey of medieval mottes, farms and villages, comparing ancient, medieval and recent patterns of settlement and agriculture, and denouncing the destruction caused by modem agricultural methods. It may be noted in passing that crop marks of the earthworks thrown up at the siege of Amiens in 1597 and now long destroyed provide details that go unrecorded on contemporary plans. In sum, this volume throws light on man’s exploitation of the Somme Basin in all periods from the neolithic to the present, while at the same time giving a real insight into the taxing discipline of air-photography. D. R. WILSON