Archives of Biological Sciences 

About: Archives of Biological Sciences is an academic journal published by University of Belgrade, University of Novi Sad. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Population & Gene. It has an ISSN identifier of 0354-4664. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 1972 publications have been published receiving 14526 citations.

Screening of antagonistic activity of microorganisms against colletotrichum acutatum and colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Abstract: The antagonistic activities of five biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium roseum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces noursei and Streptomyces natalensis, were tested in vitro against Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agents of anthracnose disease in fruit crops The microbial antagonists inhibited mycelial growth in the dual culture assay and conidial germination of Colletotrichum isolates The two Streptomyces species exhibited the strongest antagonism against isolates of C acutatum and C gloeosporioides Microscopic examination showed that the most common mode of action was antibiosis The results of this study identify T harzianum, G roseum, B subtilis, S natalensis and S noursei as promising biological control agents for further testing against anthracnose disease in fruits

Chlorophyll and carotenoid content in wheat cultivars as a function of mineral nutrition

Abstract: Determination of chlorophyll content as an indirect method of estimating the productivity of vegetation represents a good way to gain an understanding of the photosynthetic regime of plants. Physiological investigations of chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the uppermost internode of several wheat cultivars were carried out at the outset of the flowering phase. The dependence of chlorophyll and carotenoid content on the fertilization variant was established at that time. The tested wheat cultivars were grown under conditions of five fertilization variants. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll (Chl a+b) was measured and carotenoid content was determined on each variant. The results indicate that chlorophyll and carotenoid content depended on the presence and ratio of mineral elements in the substrate. This is demonstrated by the variant with unfertilized soil, where chlorophyll and carotenoid content in all cultivars was lowest. The variant of fertilization with N and P turned out to be most favorable. The next most favorable variant was the one with nitrogen alone, and it was followed by the variant with N and K.

Entomopathogenic fungi as biological controllers: New insights into their virulence and pathogenicity

Abstract: Entomopathogenic fungi vary considerably in their mode of action and virulence. Successful infection depends primarily on the adherence and penetration ability of a fungus to the host integuments. A variety of extracellular enzymes is produced during the degradation of insect integument. The attempts to control insects have changed over time from chemicals to natural control methods. This is why the development of natural methods of insect control or biopesticides, is preferred. By the use of fungal entomopathogens, insect pests can be controlled. There is no doubt that insects have been used for many years, but their effective use in the field remains elusive. However, their additional role in nature has also been discovered. Comparison of entomopathogens with conventional chemical pesticides depends on their efficiency and cost. In addition to efficiency, there are advantages in using microbial control agents, such as human safety and other non-target organisms; pesticide residues are minimized in food and biodiversity increased in managed ecosystems. In the present review the pathogenicity and virulence of entomopathogenic fungi and their role as biological control agents using biotechnology will be discussed.

The anterior cingulate cortex

Abstract: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has a role in attention, analysis of sensory information, error recognition, problem solving, detection of novelty, behavior, emotions, social relations, cognitive control, and regulation of visceral functions. This area is active whenever the individual feels some emotions, solves a problem, or analyzes the pros and cons of an action (if it is a right decision). Analogous areas are also found in higher mammals, especially whales, and they contain spindle neurons that enable complex social interactions. Disturbance of ACC activity is found in dementias, schizophrenia, depression, the obsessive-compulsive syndrome, and other neuropsychiatric diseases.