Archives of Transport 

About: Archives of Transport is an academic journal published by Index Copernicus International S.A.. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Computer science & Traffic flow. It has an ISSN identifier of 0866-9546. It is also open access. Over the lifetime, 616 publications have been published receiving 3498 citations. The journal is also known as: Archiwum Transportu & Archiwum Transportu (Online).

Simulation model of transport system of Poland as a tool for developing sustainable transport

Abstract: Paper presents features of simulation model of proecological transport system on the example of Poland. Model allows computational experimentation and inference on transport modal split and emission of pollution in national transport system. Particular elements of the model are characterized: transport networks for different modes, stock of vehicles, demand model for passenger and freight transport, and mechanism of material and passenger flows distribution into a network. Characteristics describing infrastructure, vehicles, and harmful compounds of exhaust gases are given. Model is implemented in PTV VISUM. Road and rail vehicles for passenger and freight transport are characterized and divided into groups according to types. The demand for transport services and emission of exhaust gases components are reflected in model of proecological transport system of Poland. The last part of paper presents exemplary results of research on estimating emission from transport activities.

Models of traffic flow distribution for various scenarios of the development of proecological transport system

Abstract: The paper is a result of a research work concerning the development of an environmentally friendly transport system Project EMITRANSYS. The publication contains the issues of shaping the transport system, where important factor due to the aspect of sustainable development is including the external costs in transport activity. This paper presents a mathematical model of the distribution of the traffic flow in the transport network. The paper presents selected aspects of the problem of multi-variant distribution of the traffic stream on the network transport for defined scenarios for the transport system development. Traffic distribution on the network has been made due to the criterion function – external cost connected with air pollution. The paper presents modal split of traffic ecological flow for chosen scenarios of the development domestic transport system.

Proecological approach to modelling traffic organization in national transport system

Abstract: The paper presents a general approach to modelling traffic organization within the network of national transport system and with taking into account environmental aspects. General description of the model and necessary data for modelling are presented. The exact mathematical formulation of constrains and criteria functions assessing quality of traffic organization and taking into account level of emission of harmful compounds of exhaust gases are provided. The assessment of traffic organization in transport network is made in aspect of programming transport system development in ecological terms. Particular attention was paid to technical and ecological features of infrastructure and means of transport. What is important, model uses emission indexes set in real traffic conditions. The example of multi-variant distribution of freight traffic into the transport network is provided. Example was prepared with regard to environmental factors in simulation modelling tool EMITRANSYS developed in PTV VISUM.

Risk criteria in EU

Abstract: This paper focuses on risk criteria used in the EU for population living in vicinity of hazardous facilities. The criteria vary from fully risk-based and goal setting to the prescriptive consequence based criteria. In spite of the philosophical differences in the formulation of risk criteria, there is a single EU Directive (Seveso 2) on the control of major accident hazards involving chemicals which applies to every member state and clearly the level of safety across the EU should be very similar if not the same. Therefore the first aim of the paper was to minimise the differences between the variety of safety approaches across the EU in order to develop risk acceptance criteria with the potential to converge to a unified set. The second aim was to develop societal risk criteria completely consistent with the legally applied individual risk criteria. public is As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publishes from time to time the risk levels it considers as intolerable or tolerable under certain circumstances and while these risk levels cover all industrial activities in the UK, the primary instrument for risk control is ALARP dynamics. Table 1 Comparison of Individual Risk Criteria IRPA UK The Netherlands Hungary Czech Republic 10 Intolerable limit for members of the public 10 Risk has to be reduced to the level As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) Limit for existing installations. ALARA principle applies Upper limit Limit for existing installations. Risk reduc tion must be carried out 3 x 10 LUP limit of acceptability (converted from risk of dangerous dose of 3 x 10) 10 Broadly acceptable level of risk Limit for the new installations and general limit after 2010. ALARA applies Lower limit Limit for the new installations 10 Negligible level of risk 10 Negligible level of risk The situation in other countries is not very clear; for example in the Netherlands, two regions Rijmond and Schiphol are excluded from the new criteria (in force after 2010), while if there is a lower risk situation than the norms require, the Authorities can allow building up to the norm; the enforcement of ALARA is questionable. It can be seen from Table 1 that individual risk of 10 per year represents the upper limit in Europe for existing installations, while in the UK the intolerable limit is 10 but ALARP is strictly imposed, meaning that in reality the risk is well below the limit. The upper limit for individual risk for new installations in Czech Republic and in the Netherlands after 2010 is 10 per year. It should also be noted that the individual risk in the LUP guidelines in the UK, HSE 2004a, in terms of a dangerous dose of 3 x 10 per year can be converted to individual risk of death of 3 x 10 per year. The quoted value for the Netherlands (10 and 10) represent so called location risk (risk contour), or the individual risk to a person who is permanently at the particular location. In addition, in the case of the Netherlands, the risk value corresponds to one establishment (facility), and the cumulative risks from several establishments are not taken into account. The negligible risk levels specified in the UK as 10 per year and in the Netherlands as 10 per year are not questionable and it will be assumed that 10 value can be accepted across the EU for the time being. 2.2 Impact Criteria The example of the consequence (impact) based criteria used in France, Salvi & Gaston 2004, is presented in Table 2. These criteria apply to the list of reference or predefined scenarios such as boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (for liquefied combustible gases), unconfined vapour cloud explosion (for liquefied combustible gases), total instantaneous loss of containment (for liquefied, nonliquefied and toxic gases), instantaneous rupture of the largest pipeline leading to the highest mass flow (toxic gas installations), fire in the largest tank (for flammable liquids), etc. Table 2 Impact Thresholds

Methods and means for analysis of crew communication in the maritime domain

Abstract: The Human Element, among a group of maritime human factors terms, is used widely within the commercial maritime environment to incorporate many issues being addressed by maritime research institutions and industry bodies In accident investigation losses are attributed frequently to Human Error, which itself has a variety of identifiable categories eg Human Communicative Error This paper describes an analysis of a number of maritime accident reports in which a failure of effective crew communication played a central role in the causal chain The analysis is based on an aviation industry accident investigation taxonomy, ADREP 2000 Taxonomy [8] and psychological theories of professional communication [13] The paper discloses, accentuates and exemplifies the structure of problems related to maritime crew communication and problems related to different cultures and languages It also explores the value, contribution and limitations of formalised taxonomies and analysis systems to maritime training authorities, when they are applied as tools in the analysis of accident reports It also looks to highlight the need for further research into the sociolinguistic aspects of shipboard operation within the shipboard society not just during times of restricted manoeuvrability, but during everyday working and social communications in pursuit of recommendations to aid the reduction of occurrences of Human Communicative Error