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Showing papers in "Boletin De La Asociacion De Geografos Espanoles in 2015"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: From the 90s to the present day, Rural Policies called LEADER Method have been put in place in the European rural areas (Initiatives LEADer and PRODER are also included).
Abstract: From the 90s to the present day, Rural Policies called LEADER Method have been put in place in the European rural areas (Initiatives LEADER and PRODER are also included). Its objective is to activate the development in rural areas, in particular the rural areas of Extremadura, and to reduce as much as possible their socioeconomic differences in urban

31 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the profile of the current gastronomic tourist, highlighting the connections between the gastronome and cultural motivation, and demuestran correlaciones positivas entre la gastronomia and culture.
Abstract: espanolLa valorizacion de las relaciones que unen la gastronomia y la cultura ha dado vida a un proceso de patrimonializacion de los alimentos que se afirman como elementos tangibles de la cultura local y ofrecen nuevas posibilidades de diversificacion para los destinos turisticos. El objetivo de este articulo es definir el perfil del turista gastronomico actual subrayando las conexiones entre la motivacion gastronomica y la cultural. Se proponen los resultados de un estudio empirico desarrollado en la ciudad de Caceres que demuestran correlaciones positivas entre la gastronomia y la cultura. EnglishThe importance recognized to the relationships that link gastronomy and culture has conferred to foodstuffs the status of tangible elements of local cultural heritage. As such, they offer new possibilities for the diversification of tourist destinations. The aim of this paper is to define the profile of the current gastronomic tourist, highlighting the connections between the gastronomic and cultural motivation. The results of an empirical study conducted in the city of Caceres show positive correlations between gastronomy and culture.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the modificaciones that han experimentado los patrones de migra¬cion interna de la poblacion extranjera a causa de la crisis economica, and compare with those existentes antes de esta, were analyzed.
Abstract: El articulo analiza las modificaciones que han experimentado los patrones de migra¬cion interna de la poblacion extranjera a causa de la crisis economica, y los compara con los existentes antes de esta. Los resultados de la investigacion, utilizando la Estadistica de Variaciones Residenciales, muestran: 1) el descenso de la importancia en terminos absolu¬tos y relativos de las migraciones internas de los extranjeros; 2) la existencia de diferencias remarcables en las tasas de migracion interna, y en la importancia de la caida, segun la nacio¬nalidad; y 3) cambios importantes en los patrones geograficos preexistentes respecto a las provincias emisoras y receptoras de migrantes extranjeros.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a group of landscapes which, by their values, the Unesco criteria and the Spanish particular way of incorporation, can be classified as Cultural Landscapes.
Abstract: The World Heritage List of the Unesco, more than the highest international heritage recognition, makes its properties a reference for protection and management. Cultural landscapes are a relatively new category in the List. This article proposes a group of landscapes which, by their values, the Unesco criteria and the Spanish particular way of incorporation

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze how the industrial heritage remaining in Poblenou becomes a competitive element of the project Barcelona city of knowledge, where civil society forced the public sector to introduce policies to protect this heritage for the cultural construction of the city.
Abstract: espanolLa evolucion de la ciudad postindustrial se reestructuro a partir de nuevas actividades, generalmente de servicios, en espacios donde previamente se habian desarrollado procesos de desindustrializacion. El objetivo de este articulo es analizar como el patrimonio industrial se convierte en un elemento competitivo de la ciudad del conocimiento, donde el sector publico presionado por los movimientos ciudadanos, introduce politicas de proteccion de este patrimonio en favor de la construccion de la ciudad cultural. La pregunta estructural es analizar como se produce el patrimonio industrial, como se consume, y cuales son los agentes que participan en ambos procesos; y como el patrimonio deviene un elemento basico del proceso de revitalizacion economica y de compacidad urbana en el Poblenou-22@Barcelona; finalmente se postula como esta estrategia representa un Nuevo Modelo Barcelona. La politica de clusteres en el area del Poblenou, donde se localiza el plan 22@Barcelona, represento una propuesta innovadora para la transformacion urbanistica, economica y social de la ciudad de Barcelona. EnglishPoblenou�s intense development has been a result of the urban project 22@Barcelona (2000); which revitalized urban morphology and the area�s previous economic downturn, during period 2000-2013. This article analyzes how the industrial heritage remaining in Poblenou becomes a competitive element of the project Barcelona city of knowledge, where civil society forced the public sector to introduce policies to protect this heritage for the cultural construction of the city. The structural question is to analyze how the industrial heritage was produced, how it was consumed, and which agents were involved in both processes. In addition, the focus of this paper would be to study how heritage becomes a basic element of the process of economic revitalization, of symbolic projection and of urban compactness in the Poblenou-22@Barcelona. In that, there remains an unanswered question which is the focus of this paper of whether this process represents a New Barcelona Model. The economic cluster�s political approach in this area represents an innovative strategy for the urban, economic and social transformation of the whole City of Barcelona

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the neoliberal model of urbanism and the effects of austerity measures on two Spanish urban and metropolitan regions that represent the most elaborate version of the model: Madrid and Valencia.
Abstract: espanolLa globalizacion de la economia ha provocado grandes transformaciones en la nueva fase de desarrollo del capitalismo desregulado y sus consecuencias muestran su rostro mas crudo en la profunda recesion posterior. El «giro neoliberal» de las politicas para la ciudad se concreta en Espana desde la segunda mitad de los noventa del siglo XX. En las paginas que siguen se analizan el modelo de urbanismo neoliberal, sus consecuencias en el territorio y los efectos de las politicas de austeridad en dos regiones urbanas y metropolitanas que representan la version mas acabada del modelo: Madrid y Valencia. EnglishEconomic globalisation has led to great transformations in the new phase of deregulated capitalism; the deep recession is one of its most dramatic consequences. In Spain, the «neoliberal turn» in city policies initiated in the second half of the 1990s. This paper examines the neoliberal model of urbanism. A particular focus is placed on the territorial impact and the effects of austerity measures on two Spanish urban and metropolitan regions that represent the most elaborate version of the model: Madrid and Valencia

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the aim is to classify and identify those municipalities that enhanced or hindered their social cohesion after the construction of the new high-speed railway corridors, with the aim of identifying those municipalities with geographical and demographic disadvantages that would not improve their situation.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo es clasificar e identificar aquellos municipios que mejoraran o empeoraran su cohesion social, tras la construccion de los nuevos corredores ferroviarios de alta velocidad. Para ello se emplean indicadores de retraso estructural y accesibilidad potencial territorial, ilustrando los resultados con herramientas SIG. Los resultados muestran patrones territoriales poco definidos en cuanto al efecto positivo o negativo de las nuevas infraestructuras, mostrandose numerosos municipios con desventajas geograficas y demograficas que no mejorarian su situacion. La propuesta metodologica caracteriza eficientemente la cohesion social antes de la construccion de las infraestructuras. EnglishThe aim is to classify and identify those municipalities that enhanced or hindered their social cohesion, after the construction of the new high-speed railway corridors. For these indicators of structural backwardness and potential accessibility, territorial, illustrating the result with GIS tools are used. The result shows little defined territorial patterns as the positive or negative effect of the new infrastructure, showing numerous municipalities with geographical and demographic disadvantages that would not improve their situation. The proposed methodology characterizes social cohesion before the construction of the infrastructures.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A pesar de estos avances aun es considerado un concepto fixmedifuso sobre el que es necesario seguir concretando sus componentes for hacerlo operativo.
Abstract: La cohesion territorial se ha convertido en la ultima decada en uno de los objetivos politicos mas claramente compartidos por los estados miembros de la Union Europea. Al mismo tiempo, se ha avanzado en su definicion y concrecion a partir de diversas iniciativas, entre ellas la consulta realizada por la Comision a traves de la publicacion del Libro Verde de la Cohesion Territorial en 2008. A pesar de estos avances aun es considerado un concepto difuso sobre el que es necesario seguir concretando sus componentes para hacerlo operativo a los fines del diseno de las politicas publicas. En este articulo se realiza una propuesta de su medicion a escala regional, recogiendo la experiencia de los Informes de Desarrollo Territorial de Andalucia.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a critical analysis of tourism in coastal destinations, particularly in its real estate-tourism mode, using Butler and Gormsen models, and compare two regions, one in the third periphery (Andalusia) and another in the fourth periphery (Caribbean and Central America), to establish their similarities in tourism development and their differences in consequences derived from global capitalism and pre-existing conditions.
Abstract: espanolEl turismo no siempre es un factor de desarrollo. En este articulo se presenta un analisis critico del binomio turismo-inmobiliaria en destinos litorales, utilizando los modelos de Butler y Gormsen. Se comparan dos regiones, una de la tercera periferia (Andalucia) y otra de la cuarta periferia (Caribe y Centroamerica) buscando establecer las similitudes en el desarrollo turistico y las diferencias en los efectos, derivadas del capitalismo global y las condiciones preexistentes. En este contexto, la cooperacion internacional al desarrollo tampoco esta siendo efectiva. EnglishTourism is not always a development factor. This article presents a critical analysis of tourism in coastal destinations, particularly in its real estate-tourism mode, using Butler and Gormsen models. We compare two regions, one in the third periphery (Andalusia) and one in the fourth periphery (Caribbean and Central America). The aim is to establish their similarities in tourism development and their differences in consequences derived from global capitalism and pre-existing conditions. It is also demonstrated that international development cooperation is not being effective.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze landscape evolution in order to determine the nature and magnitude of the landscape transformations and to relate them to processes derived from the crisis in the traditional economy, the current demands for the mountain resources and new paradigms, such as multifunctionality of the rural world and the sustainable rural development.
Abstract: espanolLos cambios en los modos de vida de las comarcas de Sierra Nevada, las nuevas funciones que se les atribuyen y el efecto de politicas sectoriales, como la forestal o la de proteccion de la naturaleza, han significado profundas mutaciones en el modelo de ordenacion del territorio y del paisaje. Este articulo analiza la evolucion de los paisajes desde mediados del S. XX, apoyandose en la lectura de las series de fotografias aereas de 1956 y 2006, para determinar la naturaleza y magnitud de las transformaciones paisajisticas y relacionarlas con los procesos derivados de la crisis de la economia tradicional, las nuevas aspiraciones y demandas sobre los recursos de la montana y la implantacion actual de paradigmas tales como el de la multifuncionalidad del mundo rural o el desarrollo rural sostenible. EnglishChanges in the ways of living in the Sierra Nevada region, its new functions as well as the effects of sectoral policies, such as forestry or protection measures, have led to profound changes in the planning model and the landscape. This paper, based on the analysis of the aerial photographs of 1956 and 2006, analyses landscape evolution in order to determine the nature and magnitude of the landscape transformations and to relate them to processes derived from the crisis in the traditional economy, the current demands for the mountain resources and new paradigms, such as multifunctionality of the rural world and the sustainable rural development.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concepto de centro de interpretacion is relativamente reciente. No existen normativas generales definitorias o clasificatorias of these kind of centros as mentioned in this paper, and the need to realizar cambios in the planificacion and in the gestion of estos establecimientos tanto desde el punto de vista territorial como social and comercial.
Abstract: Este texto tiene como finalidad el analisis de los centros de interpretacion existentes en los municipios de la provincia de Cadiz planteandose como hipotesis de trabajo la conveniencia para la oferta turistica provincial de este tipo de centros y la necesidad de realizar cambios en la planificacion y en la gestion de estos establecimientos tanto desde el punto de vista territorial como social y comercial. El uso del concepto de centro de interpretacion es relativamente reciente. No existen normativas generales definitorias o clasificatorias de este tipo de centros. Se han estudiado los centros a traves de diferentes herramientas de analisis que combinan lo cuantitativo y lo cualitativo. En la provincia de Cadiz se han documentado un total de 79 centros de interpretacion para los 44 municipios que supone una media de 1,7 centros por municipio distribuidos por toda la geografia gaditana. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se ha realizado un basico analisis DAFO que facilita la elaboracion de conclusiones y propuestas que buscan mejorar y redefinir la planificacion y gestion del sistema de centros de interpretacion garantizando la pervivencia y el futuro de estos dentro de un nuevo modelo de turismo provincial que prime la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo territorial.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the period between 1986 and 2010 for two main reasons: the causal link between the tourism development in Caceres and the declaration of World Heritage Site and the absence of scientific papers that evaluate tourism development process in this period.
Abstract: Caceres was declared World Heritage Site in 1986 by UNESCO. Since then the city of Caceres begins a period of intense transformation at three levels: urban development, cultural heritage management and tourism growth. In this paper we analyze the period between 1986 and 2010 for two main reasons: the causal link between the tourism development in Caceres and the declaration of World Heritage Site and the absence of scientific papers that evaluate the tourism development process in this period.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the landscape units most prone to natural hazards that frequently strike the Coquimbo bay, based on geomorphological processes and soil infiltration, and identify the terrain units most susceptible to flooding.
Abstract: We identify the landscape units most prone to natural hazards that frequently strike the Coquimbo bay. The research was based on geomorphological processes and soil infiltration

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a theoretical framework based on a review of relevant urban ecology articles to examine processes and interactions between urban ecosystems and their biophysical and immediate human environment.
Abstract: Urban ecology examines processes and interactions between urban ecosystems and their biophysical and immediate human environment. These ecosystems host vegetated areas with high levels of biodiversity and also provide several goods and services to society. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework based on a review of relevant

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors caracteriza el regimen de precipitaciones and the evolucion of pluviometrica durante el ultimo medio siglo in las Cordilleras Beticas Litorales, con semejanzas en morfologia, pero contraste climatico, and reflexiona acerca de posibles escenarios future future.
Abstract: En la presente investigacion: (i) se caracteriza el regimen de precipitaciones y la evolucion pluviometrica durante el ultimo medio siglo en las Cordilleras Beticas Litorales, sus tendencias y ciclos, (ii) se utiliza el metodo de reproduccion de situaciones analogas en un gradiente pluviometrico, como una buena alternativa para el estudio comparado de procesos de degradacion del suelo-desertificacion en zonas proximas, con semejanzas en morfologia, pero contraste climatico; y (iii), se reflexiona acerca de posibles escenarios futuros, en el marco de la dinamica pluviometrica analizada.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of education in the lives of professional women in Galicia and Catalonia is explored in this paper, where the authors examine how education may determine the revitalization of these areas.
Abstract: In the context of a rural space, educated women initiate innovative projects. Their initiative is important not only for the practices they develop and for the effects they generate in the area but also because they achieve the permanence of a particular social group that has been threatened since decades. Their projects show ideas, knowledge, information, strategy, organizational skills, high work capacity and social networks. In their ability to initiate professional projects, education and training become crucial resources. Their knowledge empowers them as professional women and enables them to overcome barriers of gender and class. This article tries to delve into the role of education in the lives of professional rural women in Galicia and Catalonia and to examine how education may determine the revitalization of these areas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a global landscape valuation method focused on vegetation as a main element of different units that can be evaluated is presented. But this method has been applied in the study and assessment of diverse vegetation landscapes of the Chilean Mediterranean Region.
Abstract: espanolEl presente articulo se enmarca en un trabajo de investigacion con una trayectoria de mas de 15 anos y del que, de momento, es su ultimo eslabon. Se trata de un metodo global de valoracion paisajistica centrado en la vegetacion como elemento principal de las distintas unidades susceptibles de ser evaluadas. Hasta la fecha, dicho metodo se ha plasmado en numerosos trabajos: libros, articulos, capitulos de libro, comunicaciones y ponencias ... Su aplicacion se ha circunscrito a diferentes territorios templados y boreales de Europa. Se aplica ahora a la Region Mediterranea chilena con el objetivo de constatar su eficacia y viabilidad en otros ambitos a los anteriormente resenados EnglishThe study presented in this paper takes part of a research project carried out for the past 15 years and it is, for now, its last stage. It’s a global landscape valuation method focused on vegetation as a main element of different units that can be evaluated. So far, the use of this method has resulted in numerous works: books, articles, book chapters, communications and presentations and it has been applied in the study of different temperate and boreal regions of Europe. The method has been applied in the study and assessment of diverse vegetation landscapes of the Chilean Mediterranean Region. The objective to verify its effectiveness and viability in other areas to the previously outlined

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Lago de la Bana as mentioned in this paper is considered to be the origen glaciar de rocas, i.e., the accumulation of rocas in the hielo of the lago.
Abstract: El Lago de la Bana se localiza en la cabecera del Valle del Lago, en un entorno con numerosos restos glaciares que indican una ocupacion por el hielo relativamente extensa. Debido a ello, este lago se considero de origen glaciar ya que se identifico como morrena la acumulacion de grandes bloques que lo obtura. Sin embargo, el analisis sedimentologico y de fabrica de esos sedimentos y su comparacion con otros depositos proximos, confirman que en realidad el responsable del cierre es un gran deslizamiento de rocas. La composicion interna del deposito lo hace muy vulnerable a las voladuras de las canteras de pizarra cercanas.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze the usability of DOQ Priorat Route wineries websites and examine the presence of wineries members of the route on the Internet and the quality of their websites.
Abstract: Wine tourism has emerged as a branch of special interest tourism in recent years. There are numerous wine regions where tourism is used as a strategic tool to promote rural areas and increase competitiveness. Likewise, the Internet has become an extremely useful marketing tool to promote and disseminate tourism products. The aim of this paper is to analyze the usability of DOQ Priorat Route wineries websites. The paper examines the presence of wineries members of the route on the Internet and the quality of their websites, taking various elements into consideration: information relating to the company, information relating to the website usability and information relating to the wine tourism products and activities developed. Findings reveal the restricted presence of this wineries on Internet, the low tourism usability of their websites as a marketing tool, and the lack of real commitment to the Priorat Wine Route and to wine tourism.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modelos de desarrollo territorial and tipologias de consumo de agua potable in espacios turistico residenciales del litoral alicantino are presented.
Abstract: Este articulo se inserta en los proyectos de investigacion «Modelos de desarrollo territorial y tipologias de consumo de agua potable en espacios turistico residenciales del litoral alicantino» (CSO2009-12772-C03-03), «Procesos de urbanizacion reciente y gestion sostenible del agua: una exploracion de relaciones para el litoral mediterraneo de la peninsula Iberica» (CSO2009-12772-03-01), «Urbanizacion y metabolismo hidrico en el litoral de Alicante: analisis de tendencias para el periodo 2000-2010» (CSO2012-36997-C02-02) y «Analisis de los cambios recientes en el consumo de agua en entornos de urbanizacion acelerada: propuesta metodologica y estudio de caso para el litoral Mediterraneo espanol» (CSO2012-36997-C02-01) financiados por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia y por el Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Folgado et al. as mentioned in this paper considered food as an element of local culture and as an expression of the history, habits and traditions of a community or a geographical area, and used it to create routes, travel packages and thematic proposals that put local food and products at the centre of the development strategies and the promotion of certain territories or destinations.
Abstract: Gastronomy is becoming an important element of diversification and a tool for defining the brand and the image of a region, a country and a culture (Hjalager, 2010). In recent years, tourism has started to recognize the important power of attraction and communication of food products, to the point of turning them into true tourist attractions (Folgado et al, 2011; Kivela and Crotts, 2006). The peculiarities of the local cuisine are the starting point to create routes, travel packages and thematic proposals that put local food and products at the centre of the development strategies and the promotion of certain territories or destinations. Food is considered as an element of local culture and as an expression of the history, habits and traditions of a community or a geographical area (Kivela and Crotts, 2006; Lee and Crompton, 1992). Culture determines and shapes the culinary history of a community and, through it, expresses itself and becomes a tangible, sensory and pleasant asset. Thus, traditional dishes and local food turn into new tourist products and motivational elements of a trip.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a second exercise of reflection about the process of modernization of the Balearic agriculture is presented through the analysis of the mechanization, focusing on the Sixties decade and using the Register of Tractors, specific source for the study of mechanization.
Abstract: A second exercise of reflection about the process of modernization of the Balearic agriculture is presented through the analysis of the mechanization. The work focuses on the Sixties decade and uses the Register of Tractors, specific source for the study of mechanization, non-exempt of problems but very useful for a detailed and diachronic analysis. In 1970, the end of the period, the mechanization has reached the whole territory, almost increasing by ten the power of agricultural machinery park in relation to that in 1950.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define a methodology that approximates to the typological identification of basic structural units of the scattered city, starting from the potential combination of existing uses of each plot of land in the land registry.
Abstract: espanolLa realidad de nuestras grandes urbes muestra como la ciudad compacta se esta trans- formando en una ciudad cada vez mas dispersa y fragmentada, con periferias mas extensas y limites mas difusos. La dispersion de la ciudad por el territorio ha estado acompanada, en general, de cierta perdida de su tradicional complejidad, debido a la similitud funcional y separacion espacial de las diversas partes que conforman su estructura urbana. En este contexto, el uso del catastro de urbana, como repositorio de datos espaciales, resulta de gran interes en la investigacion funcional de la ciudad actual. El trabajo que pre- sentamos tiene como objetivo definir una metodologia aproximativa a la identificacion tipo- logica de unidades estructurales basicas de la ciudad dispersa, a partir de la combinacion potencial de los usos del suelo existentes en cada parcela catastral EnglishThe reality of our big cities shows how the compact city is being transformed into a city always more disperse and fragmented, with more extensive outskirts, and more diffuse limits. The scattering of the city through the territory has been accompanied, in general, with a certain loss of its traditional complexity, due to the functional similarity and the spatial separation of the different parts which comprise its urban structure. In this context, the use of the urban land registry as a repository of spatial data, is of great interest in the functional investigation of the modern city. The work that we present aims to define a methodology that approximates to the typological identification of basic structural units of the scattered city, starting from the potential combination of existing uses of each plot of land in the land registry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an analysis related with the teaching Geography contributes to the knowledge of the main researching lines and innovation development, and to establish new actuation principle, and the criterions of analysis depends on the own documental sources and they affect the obtained results.
Abstract: The production’s analysis related with the teaching Geography contributes to the knowledge of the main researching lines and innovation development, and to establish new actuation principle The criterions of analysis depends on the own documental sources and they affect the obtained results; because of this reason it is required a necessary flexibility

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Vineyard landscape changes were studied (surface, fragmentation and forms) between 1956 and 2000 in La Rioja Alta (Spain) from aerial photography as discussed by the authors, showing the vineyard expansion for other cultivated areas, and, to a lesser extent, for difficult topographic environments.
Abstract: Vineyard landscape changes were studied (surface, fragmentation and forms) between 1956 and 2000 in La Rioja Alta (Spain). The vineyards were mapped in 1956, 1977 and 2000 from aerial photography. The cartography was analysed with various GIS and statistical programs. Results showed the vineyard expansion for other cultivated areas, and, to a lesser extent, for difficult topographic environments. The vineyard landscape tended to the defragmentation, creating larger patches with slightly more regular shapes

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the Land Cover and Use Information System of Spain (SIOSE) as a cartographic source of reference for regional planning, and carry out a comparative analysis between an updated version of the SIOSE and other widely used digital land-use maps.
Abstract: We assess the Land Cover and Use Information System of Spain (SIOSE) as a cartographic source of reference for regional planning. As a case study, we quantify forest area in Galicia, and carry out a comparative analysis between an updated version of the SIOSE and other widely used digital land-use maps. Our results show that the overall level of agreement across the territory of the existing forest area among the land-cover maps varies from 0.1% to 36%. We also show the congruency between the proposed updated SIOSE and the National Forest Inventory with differences between 1% and 5%.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the results obtained with a machine learning method to classify satellite imagery: Random Forest and a contextual classification method: SMAP are compared with those obtained using maximum likelihood.
Abstract: The results obtained with a machine learning method to classify satellite imagery: Random Forest and a contextual classification method: SMAP are compared with those obtained using maximum likelihood. In addition, we study how the incorporation of textural

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the OA and the ONA on river flow rates in Rumania has been investigated and shown to have strong negative correlations with rainfall amounts and river flows.
Abstract: espanolLa influencia de la Oscilacion del Artico (OA), la influencia de la Oscilacion del Norte del Atlantico (ONA), la Oscilacion del Sur (OS) y el numero de manchas solares en los caudales de los rios del mundo, de Europa y de algunas zonas de Rumania ya han sido demostrados. El presente estudio extiende la investigacion de este tipo en el nordeste de Rumania. La Oscilacion del Artico y la Oscilacion del Norte del Atlantico son mas fuertes en invierno, actuando a traves de la precipitacion en el flujo. La OA y la ONA tienen una fuerte correlacion negativa con cantidades de lluvia y caudales de rio. La influencia de la OS y de las manchas solares en el clima y en los rios del area de estudio tiene un debil significado estadistico y se produce mas indirectamente. EnglishThe influence of Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation and the number of sunspots on river flow rates from the world, from Europe and in some areas of Romania has already been demonstrated. The present study extends the research of this type in the north-eastern of Romania. Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation are stronger in winter, acting through the precipitation on flow. AO and NAO have strong negative correlations with rainfall amounts and river flows. SO and sunspots influence on climate and rivers of the study area have weak statistical significance and occurs more indirectly

Journal Article
TL;DR: In the case of airports, a desire to increase tourism stands out as a primary motivating factor for growth as mentioned in this paper. But the recent economic crisis has significantly reduced passenger traffic in the majority of the small local airports in Spain.
Abstract: Throughout the last four decades in Spain, the network of airports with exterior connections has significantly expanded. In fact, the total number of airports has increased from 20 to just over 50. The airport-building process has been particularly vigorous in recent years, all within a framework of intensive construction of a transportation infrastructure as a basis for economic growth. In the case of airports, a desire to increase tourism stands out as a primary motivating factor for growth. Generous financial support from the European Union, cheap financing and a national decentralisation policy have also contributed to the airportbuilding phenomenon. Such politics, however, have given more priority to local interests than to the interests of the country as a whole. Furthermore, the liberalisation of the air traffic market, new organisational systems for air traffic and the rise of Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) have all contributed to the airport boom. But the recent economic crisis has significantly reduced passenger traffic in the majority of the small local airports in Spain. This crisis situation calls for a thorough reorganisation of the Spanish airport system, with a particular focus on these small local airports. Ultimately, the airport system should better serve the territorial urban network and reflect a more open and competitive aviation market.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the location logic of certain crimes in three intermediate cities of Catalonia: Gerona, Lerida and Tarragona, with the aim of validating and fine-tuning previously
Abstract: These pages investigate the location logic of certain crimes in three intermediate cities of Catalonia: Gerona, Lerida and Tarragona, with the aim of validating and fine-tuning previously